1.0 The Body > 1.3 Mouth and Throat > 1.3.5 Throat/Pharynx

#486 PTB *l-kwak THROAT / NECK

The Karbi and Meithei forms with kr‑ clusters may well have arisen by metathesis from the *liquid prefix and *velar root initial.

In line with the frequently noted tendency of words meaning NECK / THROAT to have velar initials, we have reconstructed no fewer than eleven etyma with initial velars or velar clusters: #389 PTB *s/r‑gwa‑n NECK / NAPE, #481 PTB *s/m‑key‑k NECK, #486 PTB *l‑kwak THROAT / NECK, #488 PTB *k‑(r/l)aw THROAT / PALATE, #489 PTB *k/s‑raw(k/ŋ)*k‑rwa(k/ŋ) THROAT, #491 PTB *grey‑k THROAT, #493 PTB *kak THROAT, #494 PTB *ka THROAT / NECK, #495 PTB *kwa THROAT / NECK, #3361 PTB *gwaŋ NECK / THROAT, and #5651 PTB *ku NECK / THROAT.

It is highly likely that some of these etyma are allofams of each other. It is equally likely that a given supporting form may have been assigned to the wrong etymon. However, on the basis of the available data, this may be the best that can be done at this point.

rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
155698623,m,m,486334rjuː-loː toː-kuklarynxBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
118754491,4861042krek krukAdam's apple / larynx / glottisMeithei131.4Meithei1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
47026491,4861063kèk◦krúkadam's apple / larynxMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Grüssner 79 BPKHG-MikirQ410
128225486,s378kog◦mathroat / gullet / pharynxBunan202.1.1Western Himalayish0Sharma, S.R. 91 BuSBN-BunQ4.20
6906486,s823koʔ◦maneckKurtöp222.1.2Bodic1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT9660
69144486,s1427kʰo◦pathroatTibetan (Spiti)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sharma, S.R. 79 SpSRS-PSS0
118713486,s1568'og-mathroat / neckTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
6904486,s1562lkog-maneckTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT9660
118732486,s1568lkog-maesophagusTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
117768486,s1568lkog-maneckTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
118699486,s1568lkog-mathroat / gullet / esophagusTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
144118486,m544ghok◦tathroatDumi772.3.3Central Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71820
147704486,m547ghok◦taoesophagus, inside of the throat.Dumi772.3.3Central Kiranti1Driem 93 DumiSVD-Dum0
72998479,486547leŋ◦ghokthroat; cf. toksɨ.Dumi772.3.3Central Kiranti1Driem 93 DumiSVD-Dum0
144117486,56511435'kuːk◦kuthroatSunwar302.3.4Western Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71820
118673486,56511437'kuːk◦kuthroat / gullet / esophagusSunwar302.3.4Western Kiranti1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
118671486445gukthroatChepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
4802914861977gukthroat, pharynxn.Chepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 00 ChepangRC-DOC0
64260486449gukthroatChepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 72 CVocSIL-Chep2.A.270
63595486449gukneckChepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 72 CVocSIL-Chep2.A.280
486905486,m1977guk syəwʔ-catch (of throat - as when liquid goes down wrong way)vi.Chepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 00 ChepangRC-DOC0
485322486,m1977guk yup-choked, blocked (throat), unable to speakvi.Chepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 00 ChepangRC-DOC0
144116486443guk-throatChepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71820
127949486452gukthroat / gullet / pharynxChepang (Eastern)282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 90 CheQRC-ChepQ4.20
127945486,493452guk◦kakgoiterChepang (Eastern)282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 90 CheQRC-ChepQ4.1.10
15769p,486,3412958ɒ⁴⁴ kɤ̱⁴⁴ lɤ̱⁴⁴adam's apple / larynxLolopho456.1.2Loloish1Dai 89 LoloDQ-Lolopho4.1.40
15770p,486,3412,299958ɒ⁴⁴ kɤ̱⁴⁴ lɤ̱⁴⁴ tʂo³³throat / gullet / pharynxLolopho456.1.2Loloish1Dai 89 LoloDQ-Lolopho4.20
284422493,486,34121703k'aˉ◦k'eu:◦leuˆlarynxLahu (Nyi)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 79 LahuDB-Lahu1040
284465493,486,34121704k'uiˉ◦kui:◦lui:larynxLahu (Shehleh)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 79 LahuDB-Lahu1040
352276486,8201841qhɔ²¹qhɔ³³throatnLahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0141.430
352327493,486,34121841qɑ³⁵qɤ³³lɤ³³Adam's applenLahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0142.430
118746493,486,3412832qá-qə-ləAdam's apple / larynx / glottisLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
282994493,486,3412831qá-qə̂ʔ-lə̂ʔlarnyx / Adam's appleLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 88 DLJAM-DL 1
192674486,820851qhɔ³³qhɔ³³throatLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC249.330
118650486,820832qhɔ̀ʔ-qhɔthroat / gullet / esophagusLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
41508486,820850qʰɔ³¹ qʰɔ³³throatLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Chang 86JZ-Lahu0
284511493,486,3412846chi:◦hk'awˉ◦law:larynxLahu (Bakeo)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 79 LahuDB-Lahu1040
284566493,486,3412847kanˉ◦ke:◦le:larynxLahu (Banlan)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 79 LahuDB-Lahu1040
2726283365,486,3412946bø⁴⁴kɔ²¹lɔ³⁵windpipeLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
57412486124kàuʔneck*Karen (Pwo-Sgaw)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS3990
57409486123khòʔneck*Karen (Pwo)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS3990
57414486125kɔ̀ʔneck*Karen (Sgaw)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS3990
163845486415gɔ³neckBwe (Western)507Karenic1Luce 85GHL-PPBE.550
6900486412gɔ̀neckBwe507Karenic1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT9660
166541486413gɔ̀neck, throatnBwe507Karenic1Henderson 97 KarEJAH-BKD0
166542486,m413gɔ̀ ɓɔ́whole of the throatnBwe507Karenic1Henderson 97 KarEJAH-BKD0
166748486,m413gɔ̀ ʃánape of the necknBwe507Karenic1Henderson 97 KarEJAH-BKD0
163846486588gɔ³neckGeba507Karenic1Luce 85GHL-PPBE.550
349611486,m1849kho³¹dze³³necknKaren507Karenic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0089.500
574134861259neckPalaychi507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS3990
532577486,2682049khoɁ²¹◦bo³¹¨neck, cheekPwo (Southern)507Karenic1Luangthongkum 13TL-PK2010
1636964861280kʻᴜʔ²-neckPwo (Tenasserim)507Karenic1Luce 85GHL-PPBE.550
1636974861273kʻᴜʔ¹neckPwo (Delta)507Karenic1Luce 85GHL-PPBE.550
69024861268khòʔneckPwo (Bassein)507Karenic1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT9660
574114861272khòʔneckPwo (Bassein)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS3990
69014861274khoʔneckPwo (Moulmein)507Karenic1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT9660
574104861279khoʔneckPwo (Moulmein)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS3990
531693486,2682046khɔɁ⁴⁵bo³³neck, cheekSgaw (Northern)507Karenic1Luangthongkum 13TL-PK2010
1636984861389koʔ⁵neckSgaw507Karenic1Luce 85GHL-PPBE.550
1637004861389kɔʔ⁵neckSgaw507Karenic1Luce 85GHL-PPBE.550
68994861388¹koʔneckSgaw507Karenic1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT9660
574164861394kɔ̀ʔneckSgaw (Bassein)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS3990
14899486,m746kʰo³¹ dze³³neckKaren (Sgaw/Hinthada)507Karenic1Dai 89 KarBDQ-KarenB1150
149593361,486746kʰo³¹ ko̱ʔ⁵⁵throatKaren (Sgaw/Hinthada)507Karenic1Dai 89 KarBDQ-KarenB1750
14900486,479,m746kʰo³¹ lø³¹ tʰi⁵⁵napeKaren (Sgaw/Hinthada)507Karenic1Dai 89 KarBDQ-KarenB1160
574154861399kɔ̀ʔneckSgaw (Moulmein)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS3990
14690486,484747ko³¹ bo̱⁵⁵neckKaren (Sgaw/Yue)507Karenic1Dai 89 KarADQ-KarenA1150
38835m,486310sẽ̱⁴² qv̩̄²¹throatBai (Bijiang)518Bai1Xu 84 BaiJZ-Bai0
192675486,m,501314ku²¹tshi³¹te⁴⁴throatBai (Dali)518Bai1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC249.350
38970486,m,501313ku̱²¹ tsi³³ te̱⁴⁴throatBai (Dali)518Bai1Xu 84 BaiJZ-Bai0
39104486,m,501316ku̱²¹ tsi³³ te̱⁴⁴throatBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Xu 84 BaiJZ-Bai0
145960486,m,501,5651309ku̱²¹ tsɿ³³ tei̱⁴⁴ kʰo³³ «ne̱²¹»throat / gullet / pharynxBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai4.20
80680359,486,m309to̱⁴² ko̱⁴² tɕi⁵⁵nape of neckBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai4.1.30

^ 1.
The immediate ancestor of Lahu qá‑ would be PLB *ʔgak.