1.0 The Body > 1.3 Mouth and Throat > 1.3.5 Throat/Pharynx
#486 PTB *l-kwak THROAT / NECK |
The Karbi and Meithei forms with kr‑ clusters may well have arisen by metathesis from the *liquid prefix and *velar root initial.
In line with the frequently noted tendency of words meaning NECK / THROAT to have velar initials, we have reconstructed no fewer than eleven etyma with initial velars or velar clusters: #389 PTB *s/r‑gwa‑n NECK / NAPE, #481 PTB *s/m‑key‑k NECK, #486 PTB *l‑kwak THROAT / NECK, #488 PTB *k‑(r/l)aw THROAT / PALATE, #489 PTB *k/s‑raw(k/ŋ) ⪤ *k‑rwa(k/ŋ) THROAT, #491 PTB *grey‑k THROAT, #493 PTB *kak THROAT, #494 PTB *ka THROAT / NECK, #495 PTB *kwa THROAT / NECK, #3361 PTB *gwaŋ NECK / THROAT, and #5651 PTB *ku NECK / THROAT.
It is highly likely that some of these etyma are allofams of each other. It is equally likely that a given supporting form may have been assigned to the wrong etymon. However, on the basis of the available data, this may be the best that can be done at this point.
rn | analysis | lgid | reflex | gloss | gfn | language | grpid | grpno | grp | genetic | citation | srcabbr | srcid | rn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
155698 | 623,m,m,486 | 334 | rjuː-loː toː-kuk | larynx | Bengni | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 Tani | JS-Tani | 0 | ||
118754 | 491,486 | 1042 | krek kruk | Adam's apple / larynx / glottis | Meithei | 13 | 1.4 | Meithei | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
47026 | 491,486 | 1063 | kèk◦krúk | adam's apple / larynx | Mikir [Karbi] | 14 | 1.5 | Mikir [Karbi] | 1 | Grüssner 79 BP | KHG-MikirQ | 41 | 0 | |
128225 | 486,s | 378 | kog◦ma | throat / gullet / pharynx | Bunan | 20 | 2.1.1 | Western Himalayish | 0 | Sharma, S.R. 91 Bu | SBN-BunQ | 4.2 | 0 | |
6906 | 486,s | 823 | koʔ◦ma | neck | Kurtöp | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 966 | 0 | |
69144 | 486,s | 1427 | kʰo◦pa | throat | Tibetan (Spiti) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sharma, S.R. 79 Sp | SRS-PSS | 0 | ||
118713 | 486,s | 1568 | 'og-ma | throat / neck | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
6904 | 486,s | 1562 | lkog-ma | neck | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 966 | 0 | |
118732 | 486,s | 1568 | lkog-ma | esophagus | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
117768 | 486,s | 1568 | lkog-ma | neck | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
118699 | 486,s | 1568 | lkog-ma | throat / gullet / esophagus | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
144118 | 486,m | 544 | ghok◦ta | throat | Dumi | 77 | 2.3.3 | Central Kiranti | 1 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 182 | 0 | |
147704 | 486,m | 547 | ghok◦ta | oesophagus, inside of the throat. | Dumi | 77 | 2.3.3 | Central Kiranti | 1 | Driem 93 Dumi | SVD-Dum | 0 | ||
72998 | 479,486 | 547 | leŋ◦ghok | throat; cf. toksɨ. | Dumi | 77 | 2.3.3 | Central Kiranti | 1 | Driem 93 Dumi | SVD-Dum | 0 | ||
144117 | 486,5651 | 1435 | 'kuːk◦ku | throat | Sunwar | 30 | 2.3.4 | Western Kiranti | 1 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 182 | 0 | |
118673 | 486,5651 | 1437 | 'kuːk◦ku | throat / gullet / esophagus | Sunwar | 30 | 2.3.4 | Western Kiranti | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
118671 | 486 | 445 | guk | throat | Chepang | 28 | 2.4 | Kham-Magar-Chepang | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
480291 | 486 | 1977 | guk | throat, pharynx | n. | Chepang | 28 | 2.4 | Kham-Magar-Chepang | 1 | Caughley 00 Chepang | RC-DOC | 0 | |
64260 | 486 | 449 | guk | throat | Chepang | 28 | 2.4 | Kham-Magar-Chepang | 1 | Caughley 72 CVoc | SIL-Chep | 2.A.27 | 0 | |
63595 | 486 | 449 | guk | neck | Chepang | 28 | 2.4 | Kham-Magar-Chepang | 1 | Caughley 72 CVoc | SIL-Chep | 2.A.28 | 0 | |
486905 | 486,m | 1977 | guk syəwʔ- | catch (of throat - as when liquid goes down wrong way) | vi. | Chepang | 28 | 2.4 | Kham-Magar-Chepang | 1 | Caughley 00 Chepang | RC-DOC | 0 | |
485322 | 486,m | 1977 | guk yup- | choked, blocked (throat), unable to speak | vi. | Chepang | 28 | 2.4 | Kham-Magar-Chepang | 1 | Caughley 00 Chepang | RC-DOC | 0 | |
144116 | 486 | 443 | guk- | throat | Chepang | 28 | 2.4 | Kham-Magar-Chepang | 1 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 182 | 0 | |
127949 | 486 | 452 | guk | throat / gullet / pharynx | Chepang (Eastern) | 28 | 2.4 | Kham-Magar-Chepang | 1 | Caughley 90 CheQ | RC-ChepQ | 4.2 | 0 | |
127945 | 486,493 | 452 | guk◦kak | goiter | Chepang (Eastern) | 28 | 2.4 | Kham-Magar-Chepang | 1 | Caughley 90 CheQ | RC-ChepQ | 4.1.1 | 0 | |
15769 | p,486,3412 | 958 | ɒ⁴⁴ kɤ̱⁴⁴ lɤ̱⁴⁴ | adam's apple / larynx | Lolopho | 45 | 6.1.2 | Loloish | 1 | Dai 89 Lolo | DQ-Lolopho | 4.1.4 | 0 | |
15770 | p,486,3412,299 | 958 | ɒ⁴⁴ kɤ̱⁴⁴ lɤ̱⁴⁴ tʂo³³ | throat / gullet / pharynx | Lolopho | 45 | 6.1.2 | Loloish | 1 | Dai 89 Lolo | DQ-Lolopho | 4.2 | 0 | |
284422 | 493,486,3412 | 1703 | k'aˉ◦k'eu:◦leuˆ | larynx | Lahu (Nyi) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 79 Lahu | DB-Lahu | 104 | 0 | |
284465 | 493,486,3412 | 1704 | k'uiˉ◦kui:◦lui: | larynx | Lahu (Shehleh) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 79 Lahu | DB-Lahu | 104 | 0 | |
352276 | 486,820 | 1841 | qhɔ²¹qhɔ³³ | throat | n | Lahu (Lancang) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0141.43 | 0 |
352327 | 493,486,3412 | 1841 | qɑ³⁵qɤ³³lɤ³³ | Adam's apple | n | Lahu (Lancang) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0142.43 | 0 |
118746 | 493,486,3412 | 832 | qá-qə-lə | Adam's apple / larynx / glottis | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
282994 | 493,486,3412 | 831 | qá-qə̂ʔ-lə̂ʔ | larnyx / Adam's apple | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 88 DL | JAM-DL | 1 | ||
192674 | 486,820 | 851 | qhɔ³³qhɔ³³ | throat | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 249.33 | 0 | |
118650 | 486,820 | 832 | qhɔ̀ʔ-qhɔ | throat / gullet / esophagus | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
41508 | 486,820 | 850 | qʰɔ³¹ qʰɔ³³ | throat | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Chang 86 | JZ-Lahu | 0 | ||
284511 | 493,486,3412 | 846 | chi:◦hk'awˉ◦law: | larynx | Lahu (Bakeo) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 79 Lahu | DB-Lahu | 104 | 0 | |
284566 | 493,486,3412 | 847 | kanˉ◦ke:◦le: | larynx | Lahu (Banlan) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 79 Lahu | DB-Lahu | 104 | 0 | |
272628 | 3365,486,3412 | 946 | bø⁴⁴kɔ²¹lɔ³⁵ | windpipe | Lisu (Northern) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 94 Lisu | DB-Lisu | 0 | ||
57412 | 486 | 124 | kàuʔ | neck | *Karen (Pwo-Sgaw) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Jones 61 | RBJ-KLS | 399 | 0 | |
57409 | 486 | 123 | khòʔ | neck | *Karen (Pwo) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Jones 61 | RBJ-KLS | 399 | 0 | |
57414 | 486 | 125 | kɔ̀ʔ | neck | *Karen (Sgaw) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Jones 61 | RBJ-KLS | 399 | 0 | |
163845 | 486 | 415 | gɔ³ | neck | Bwe (Western) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Luce 85 | GHL-PPB | E.55 | 0 | |
6900 | 486 | 412 | gɔ̀ | neck | Bwe | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 966 | 0 | |
166541 | 486 | 413 | gɔ̀ | neck, throat | n | Bwe | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Henderson 97 Kar | EJAH-BKD | 0 | |
166542 | 486,m | 413 | gɔ̀ ɓɔ́ | whole of the throat | n | Bwe | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Henderson 97 Kar | EJAH-BKD | 0 | |
166748 | 486,m | 413 | gɔ̀ ʃá | nape of the neck | n | Bwe | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Henderson 97 Kar | EJAH-BKD | 0 | |
163846 | 486 | 588 | gɔ³ | neck | Geba | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Luce 85 | GHL-PPB | E.55 | 0 | |
349611 | 486,m | 1849 | kho³¹dze³³ | neck | n | Karen | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0089.50 | 0 |
57413 | 486 | 1259 | kó | neck | Palaychi | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Jones 61 | RBJ-KLS | 399 | 0 | |
532577 | 486,268 | 2049 | khoɁ²¹◦bo³¹¨ | neck, cheek | Pwo (Southern) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Luangthongkum 13 | TL-PK | 201 | 0 | |
163696 | 486 | 1280 | kʻᴜʔ²- | neck | Pwo (Tenasserim) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Luce 85 | GHL-PPB | E.55 | 0 | |
163697 | 486 | 1273 | kʻᴜʔ¹ | neck | Pwo (Delta) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Luce 85 | GHL-PPB | E.55 | 0 | |
6902 | 486 | 1268 | khòʔ | neck | Pwo (Bassein) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 966 | 0 | |
57411 | 486 | 1272 | khòʔ | neck | Pwo (Bassein) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Jones 61 | RBJ-KLS | 399 | 0 | |
6901 | 486 | 1274 | khoʔ | neck | Pwo (Moulmein) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 966 | 0 | |
57410 | 486 | 1279 | khoʔ | neck | Pwo (Moulmein) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Jones 61 | RBJ-KLS | 399 | 0 | |
531693 | 486,268 | 2046 | khɔɁ⁴⁵bo³³ | neck, cheek | Sgaw (Northern) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Luangthongkum 13 | TL-PK | 201 | 0 | |
163698 | 486 | 1389 | koʔ⁵ | neck | Sgaw | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Luce 85 | GHL-PPB | E.55 | 0 | |
163700 | 486 | 1389 | kɔʔ⁵ | neck | Sgaw | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Luce 85 | GHL-PPB | E.55 | 0 | |
6899 | 486 | 1388 | ¹koʔ | neck | Sgaw | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 966 | 0 | |
57416 | 486 | 1394 | kɔ̀ʔ | neck | Sgaw (Bassein) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Jones 61 | RBJ-KLS | 399 | 0 | |
14899 | 486,m | 746 | kʰo³¹ dze³³ | neck | Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Dai 89 KarB | DQ-KarenB | 115 | 0 | |
14959 | 3361,486 | 746 | kʰo³¹ ko̱ʔ⁵⁵ | throat | Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Dai 89 KarB | DQ-KarenB | 175 | 0 | |
14900 | 486,479,m | 746 | kʰo³¹ lø³¹ tʰi⁵⁵ | nape | Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Dai 89 KarB | DQ-KarenB | 116 | 0 | |
57415 | 486 | 1399 | kɔ̀ʔ | neck | Sgaw (Moulmein) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Jones 61 | RBJ-KLS | 399 | 0 | |
14690 | 486,484 | 747 | ko³¹ bo̱⁵⁵ | neck | Karen (Sgaw/Yue) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Dai 89 KarA | DQ-KarenA | 115 | 0 | |
38835 | m,486 | 310 | sẽ̱⁴² qv̩̄²¹ | throat | Bai (Bijiang) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Xu 84 Bai | JZ-Bai | 0 | ||
192675 | 486,m,501 | 314 | ku²¹tshi³¹te⁴⁴ | throat | Bai (Dali) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 249.35 | 0 | |
38970 | 486,m,501 | 313 | ku̱²¹ tsi³³ te̱⁴⁴ | throat | Bai (Dali) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Xu 84 Bai | JZ-Bai | 0 | ||
39104 | 486,m,501 | 316 | ku̱²¹ tsi³³ te̱⁴⁴ | throat | Bai (Jianchuan) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Xu 84 Bai | JZ-Bai | 0 | ||
145960 | 486,m,501,5651 | 309 | ku̱²¹ tsɿ³³ tei̱⁴⁴ kʰo³³ «ne̱²¹» | throat / gullet / pharynx | Bai (Jianchuan) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Zhao 90 | ZYS-Bai | 4.2 | 0 | |
80680 | 359,486,m | 309 | to̱⁴² ko̱⁴² tɕi⁵⁵ | nape of neck | Bai (Jianchuan) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Zhao 90 | ZYS-Bai | 4.1.3 | 0 |