STEDT Etymon #5541
#5541 PTB *m-ts(y)(u/i)p SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK |
Many forms descending from this etymon have voiced initials, a fact which we might capture by setting up a separate allofam *m‑dz(y)up ⪤ *m‑dz(y)ip. Some of these cases can be ascribed to the influence of the nasal prefix. However, since there is so much variation in voicing even within a single subgroup, we have chosen to group all the reflexes under the prototype with voiceless root initial.
This widespread etymon is set up as *dzoːp in STC #69, on the basis of forms from four Barish and Kuki-Chin languages: (Barish) Dimasa dźop and (Kuki-Chin) Lushai (Mizo) foːp, Thado tsop, and Siyin tuop ‘suck; kiss’. (Cf. also Kom Rem məǰop, Tiddim toːp, and Lai Chin doop.) However, the rhymes *‑op and *‑oːp are extremely rare in TB, with virtually no other examples (see HPTB, pp. 381-2), and it seems preferable to consider these forms with ‑o(ː)‑ vocalism to reflect a localized secondary development. (On the other hand, there is a parallel form in NW rGyalrong kantsʰrop, alongside Ma’erkang rGyalrong kɑ mə scçup.) The vast majority of the reflexes point to a high proto-vowel, either *‑u‑ or *‑i‑. The alternation between these two vowels is especially frequent in the environment of labial consonants, and indeed this is one of the best attested patterns of variation in TB, as well as in Chinese. (See VSTB pp. 41-2, HPTB pp. 493-505. See also #3450 PTB *m‑pup ⪤ *pip KISS / SUCK / SUCKLE and #1613 PTB *(t)s(i/u)p NEST / WOMB / SCROTUM, below.) Several languages show internal variation between these vowels (e.g. Dimasa dźop ‘suck’ ⪤ sep ‘milk’; Tiddim teːp¹ ‘suck’ ⪤ toːp¹ ‘kiss’).
The nasal prefix *m‑ has been added to the reconstruction since it occurs in many languages of the NE Indian Areal Group (e.g. Sema mtsü, Ao Mongsen mechep, Kom Rem məǰop, Moyon njúp, etc.), as well as in Qiangic (e.g. Ergong ndʑip⁵³, Namuyi ntshu⁵³), and WT ḥjib(s)‑pa, where a-chung “ḥ” is interpreted as a nasal prefix (see HPTB pp. 115-6).
Reflexes of the allofam with *‑u‑ vocalism are presented in #5541 PTB *m‑ts(y)(u/i)p SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK, and those from the *‑i‑ variant in #5541 PTB *m‑ts(y)(u/i)p SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK.
I also recognize an opened-syllable allofam *dz(y)əw MILK/BREAST, treated separately below #5539 PTB *dzy(ə/o)w SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK.
A few languages show secondary variants with final stops other than ‑p. Jingpho has a doublet, one with the expected ‑p (tšùp ‘suck, kiss, absorb’), and one that reflects final *‑k (tšúʔ ‘breast’; ‑ʔ is the regular Jg. reflex of *‑k). Similar forms appear in several other languages: Sherpa (Helambu) chuk pekin ‘kiss’, Tamang (Sahu) cyok‑pa ‘kiss’, Lashi tʃu̱:k⁵⁵ ‘nurse; suckle’, Bisu tʃhɔ̀k ‘suck’. All these languages seem to have doublets with both ‑p and ‑k. WB has an aberrant form with a final dental (cut ‘suck’), paralleled by Dulong tsut⁵⁵ ‘suckle’ and Tamang (Sahu) nyeh cʰuT Tai'◦ti‑pa.1
For other etyma with similar variation in final position, cf. #3450 PTB *m‑pup ⪤ *pip KISS / SUCK / SUCKLE and #1613 PTB *(t)s(i/u)p NEST / WOMB / SCROTUM.
The semantic connection between SUCK and KISS is paralleled by the vulgar English expression suck face for ‘kiss’.
There is a possible Chinese comparison, 噆 (Mand. cǎn, zǎn); this character has two OC readings, *ts'əm ‘have in the mouth’ and *tsəp ‘bite; sting and suck (as a mosquito)’ [GSR #660f, #660o]; see also Coblin 1986:144. TB also shows some variation between final stop and nasal in this etymon: cf. Sunwar cim‑cā ‘milk a cow’ ⪤ yup‑ ‘suck’; Tsangla (Motuo) jum ‘suck (milk)’ ⪤ tɕup⁵⁵ a⁵⁵ ‘kiss’. The final nasal in the Milang form ɟim‑ma seems clearly to be due to assimilation of the initial to the suffix. See the discussion by ZJH, below.
An undoubtedly related root (not in STC or HPTB) is #86 PTB *(t)sy(i/u)p ⪤ *(t)swap SQUEEZE / WRING / CRUMPLE, the semantic connection being the squeezing action required to express milk from a breast or udder. See DL:557-8.
| rn | analysis | lgid | reflex | gloss | gfn | language | grpid | grpno | grp | genetic | citation | srcabbr | srcid | rn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 514948 | 5541,5541 | 2012 | dzyup ⪤ dzyip | suck / kiss / breast / milk | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Matisoff 03 HPTB | JAM-HPTB | 589 | 0 | |
| 516055 | 5541,5541 | 2012 | tsyup ⪤ tsyip | suck / kiss / breast / milk | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Matisoff 03 HPTB | JAM-HPTB | 618 | 0 | |
| 155562 | 3451,5541 | 285 | mó-čù | kiss | Apatani | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 Tani | JS-Tani | 0 | ||
| 155564 | 3451,5541,m | 286 | mo-ču (sú) | kiss | Apatani | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 Tani | JS-Tani | 0 | ||
| 155563 | 3451,5541,m | 286 | mo-čʰuʔ (sú) | kiss | Apatani | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 Tani | JS-Tani | 0 | ||
| 426448 | 3453,5541 | 1820 | bjuŋ tɕop | suck | v. | Bokar | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1648.24 | 0 |
| 159577 | 3453,5541 | 365 | bjuŋ-čup | suck | Bokar | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 Tani | JS-Tani | 0 | ||
| 159578 | 5541,m | 498 | dʑup-ra | suck | Damu | 74 | 1.1.1.2 | Eastern Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 Tani | JS-Tani | 0 | ||
| 2010 | 5541,s | 1070 | ɟim-ma | suck | Milang | 74 | 1.1.1.2 | Eastern Tani | 1 | Tayeng 76 Mil | AT-MPB | 2 | ||
| 39961 | 5541 | 590 | jip⁵⁵ | suck (milk) | Kaman [Miju] | 6 | 1.1.2 | Deng | 1 | Sun H 80 MLD | SLZO-MLD | 0 | ||
| 426419 | 5541 | 1819 | jip⁵⁵ | suck | v. | Kaman [Miju] | 6 | 1.1.2 | Deng | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1648.23 | 0 |
| 6881 | p,5541 | 1054 | tʌ́-yə̀p | suck | v. | Kaman [Miju] | 6 | 1.1.2 | Deng | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 963 | 0 |
| 6880 | 5541 | 1054 | yə̀p | suck | v. | Kaman [Miju] | 6 | 1.1.2 | Deng | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 963 | 0 |
| 7271 | 5541 | 1054 | yə́p | suck | v. | Kaman [Miju] | 6 | 1.1.2 | Deng | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 1221 | 0 |
| 500663 | 5541 | 1920 | θeep | SUCK / SMOKE (v.) | *Chin | 8 | 1.2 | Kuki-Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 632 | 0 | |
| 444649 | 5541 | 1926 | tsêep-I, tsèep-II | drink with straw, suck, smoke | Thado | 68 | 1.2.1.1 | Northern Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 632 | 0 | |
| 444648 | 5541 | 1925 | teːp¹ | suck fluids (e.g. water; smoke), smoke (tobacco) | Tiddim | 68 | 1.2.1.1 | Northern Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 632 | 0 | |
| 315364 | 5541 | 1778 | teːp¹ | suck fluids [e.g. water; smoke] | v | Tiddim | 68 | 1.2.1.1 | Northern Chin | 1 | Bhaskararao 96 CDB | PB-CLDB | 1761 | 0 |
| 171070 | 5541 | 1597 | teːp¹ | suck fluids | Tiddim | 68 | 1.2.1.1 | Northern Chin | 1 | Bhaskararao 94 TCV | PB-TCV | 0 | ||
| 444650 | 5541 | 1928 | m-|htep | suck | v | Cho (Mindat) | 69 | 1.2.1.2 | Southern Plains Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 632 | 0 |
| 444646 | 5541 | 1947 | feep-I, feʔ-II | suck (e.g. sugar cane) | Lai (Hakha) | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 632 | 0 | |
| 444647 | 5541 | 1924 | fêep-I, fèh-II | suck (as sugarcane) | Lushai [Mizo] | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 632 | 0 | |
| 315886 | 5541 | 1779 | feːp | suck [as sugarcane] | v | Lushai [Mizo] | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | Bhaskararao 96 CDB | PB-CLDB | 2322 | 0 |
| 524181 | 5541,m | 2030 | cùp◦cʉʉ | milk | Sorbung | 72 | 1.2.4 | “Old Kuki” | 0 | Mortensen 11 Sorbung | MK-Sorbung | BodyParts.144 | 0 | |
| 524178 | 5541 | 2030 | cúup | breast | Sorbung | 72 | 1.2.4 | “Old Kuki” | 0 | Mortensen 11 Sorbung | MK-Sorbung | BodyParts.141 | 0 | |
| 172096 | 5541 | 1019 | chup | kiss | Maring | 11 | 1.3 | “Naga” Areal Group | 0 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 619315 | 5541 | 2229 | m-|tshəp | SUCK / KISS | *Central Naga | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Bruhn 14 PCN | DWB-PCN | III.156 | 0 | |
| 618945 | 5541 | 2228 | m-|tʃhəp | SUCK / KISS | *Ao | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Bruhn 14 PCN | DWB-PCN | II.172 | 0 | |
| 172689 | 5541 | 270 | mesep | suck | Ao (Chungli) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 619845 | 5541 | 2226 | mə³|səp¹ | suck, kiss | v. | Ao (Chungli) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Bruhn 14 PCN | DWB-PCN | II.172 | 0 |
| 505969 | 5541 | 1991 | mɯ́sɯ̀p | sip/suck | v. | Ao (Chungli) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Temsunungsang 09 Ao | TT-APPA | 6 | 0 |
| 172087 | m,5541 | 270 | tebang-mesap | kiss | Ao (Chungli) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 506128 | 5541 | 1992 | mɯ́cʰɯ̀p | suck | v. | Ao (Mongsen) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Temsunungsang 09 Ao | TT-APPA | 13 | 0 |
| 506132 | 5541 | 1992 | mɯ́sɯ̀p | suck | v. | Ao (Mongsen) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Temsunungsang 09 Ao | TT-APPA | 13 | 0 |
| 172088 | 5541 | 273 | mechep | kiss | Ao (Mongsen: Longchang) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 172690 | 5541 | 273 | mechep | suck | Ao (Mongsen: Longchang) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 450914 | 5541 | 1963 | mətʃhəp | kiss [kissed] | v. | Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Coupe 07 Ao | ARC-GMA | 0 | |
| 451323 | 5541 | 1963 | mə́tʃhə́p | suck [sucked] | v. | Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Coupe 07 Ao | ARC-GMA | 0 | |
| 620338 | 5541 | 2231 | n̩¹-|tsəp²- | kiss, suck | v. | Lotha Naga | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Bruhn 14 PCN | DWB-PCN | III.156 | 0 |
| 172693 | 5541 | 963 | ntsap | suck | Lotha Naga | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 617479 | 5541,s | 2220 | ntssüpb◦a | suck | Lotha Naga | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Murry 78 | LLC-ALV | 119 | 0 | |
| 132654 | 5541 | 965 | Ntsup | kiss | Lotha Naga | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Nienu 90 LotQ | VN-LothQ | 3.9.5 | 0 | |
| 617484 | 5541,s | 2220 | ntsüp◦a | kiss | Lotha Naga | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Murry 78 | LLC-ALV | 65 | 0 | |
| 132668 | 5541,s | 965 | Ntsup◦a | suck | Lotha Naga | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Nienu 90 LotQ | VN-LothQ | 5.4.5 | 0 | |
| 618223 | 5541,m | 2205 | müthsep◦yecho | suck | v. | Sangtam | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Kumar 73 Sang | BBK-Sangtam | 0 | |
| 172103 | 5541 | 1364 | müthsüp | kiss | Sangtam | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 618522 | 5541 | 2206 | müthsüp | kiss | v. | Yimchungrü | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Kumar 73 Yim | BBK-Yim | 46 | 0 |
| 618523 | 5541 | 2206 | müthsüp | suck | Yimchungrü | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Kumar 73 Yim | BBK-Yim | 46 | 0 | |
| 172698 | 5541,5541 | 1335 | sü◦shi | suck | Rengma | 65 | 1.3.2 | Angami-Pochuri Group | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 165278 | p,m,5541 | 1382 | a◦ke◦chi | breast | Sema [Sumi] | 65 | 1.3.2 | Angami-Pochuri Group | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 172334 | p,m,5541,1631 | 1382 | a◦ke◦chi◦zü | milk | Sema [Sumi] | 65 | 1.3.2 | Angami-Pochuri Group | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 172104 | 5541 | 1382 | mtsü | kiss | Sema [Sumi] | 65 | 1.3.2 | Angami-Pochuri Group | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 311394 | 5541 | 1382 | mtsü | suck | Sema [Sumi] | 65 | 1.3.2 | Angami-Pochuri Group | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 172091 | 5541 | 790 | chup | kiss | Khoirao | 64 | 1.3.3 | Zeme Group | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 172708 | 5541 | 1041 | chap | suck | Meithei | 13 | 1.4 | Meithei | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 172112 | 5541 | 1041 | chup | kiss | Meithei | 13 | 1.4 | Meithei | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 10489 | 5541,s | 1040 | cup◦pə | kiss | v. | Meithei | 13 | 1.4 | Meithei | 1 | Singh 91 MeiQ | CYS-Meithei | 3.9.5 | 0 |
| 172113 | p,5541 | 1062 | ing◦jup | kiss | Mikir [Karbi] | 14 | 1.5 | Mikir [Karbi] | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 47048 | p,5541 | 1063 | ing◦jùp- | suck | v. | Mikir [Karbi] | 14 | 1.5 | Mikir [Karbi] | 1 | Grüssner 79 BP | KHG-MikirQ | 20 | 0 |
| 311398 | p,5541 | 1062 | ing◦sip | suck | Mikir [Karbi] | 14 | 1.5 | Mikir [Karbi] | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 172340 | 5541 | 531 | sep | milk | Dimasa | 80 | 1.7.1.1 | Bodo | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 7166 | m,5541,s | 568 | caʔ-sip-a | suck | v. | Garo | 81 | 1.7.1.2 | Garo | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 1114 | 0 |
| 441471 | 5541 | 1945 | -srip- | slurp, swirl with the mouth | Garo (Bangladesh) | 81 | 1.7.1.2 | Garo | 1 | Burling 03 Garo | RB-LMMG | 154 | 0 | |
| 79216 | 5541 | 161 | C̬-cuːp| | suck | v. | *Northern Naga | 12 | 1.7.2 | Northern Naga/Konyakian | 1 | French 83 | WTF-PNN | 561 | 0 |
| 79217 | 5541 | 161 | C̬-cʰup| | kiss | v. | *Northern Naga | 12 | 1.7.2 | Northern Naga/Konyakian | 1 | French 83 | WTF-PNN | 561 | 0 |
| 78342 | p,5541 | 1192 | a cup | kiss | v. | Nocte | 84 | 1.7.2.1 | Tangsa-Nocte | 1 | French 83 | WTF-PNN | 561 | 0 |
| 78343 | p,5541,5541 | 1192 | a cup (jok) | kiss | v. | Nocte | 84 | 1.7.2.1 | Tangsa-Nocte | 1 | French 83 | WTF-PNN | 561 | 0 |
| 6879 | 5541 | 1187 | tšup | suck | v. | Nocte | 84 | 1.7.2.1 | Tangsa-Nocte | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 963 | 0 |
| 78348 | 5541 | 435 | šep | kiss | v. | Chang | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | French 83 | WTF-PNN | 561 | 0 |
| 78345 | 5541 | 435 | šep | suck | v. | Chang | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | French 83 | WTF-PNN | 561 | 0 |
| 172691 | 5541,5541 | 429 | shap, ship | suck | Chang | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 172089 | 5541 | 429 | shep | kiss | Chang | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 7169 | 5541 | 428 | šʌ̀p | suck | v. | Chang | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 1114 | 0 |
| 7171 | p,5541 | 786 | ¹²a²³dže̥ɪʔ | suck | v. | Khiamngan | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 1114 | 0 |
| 7172 | p,5541 | 786 | ¹²a¹²tše̥p | kiss | v. | Khiamngan | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 1114 | 0 |
| 7225 | p,5541 | 786 | ¹²a¹²tše̥p | kiss / suck | v.,v. | Khiamngan | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 1144 | 0 |
| 172692 | 5541 | 807 | hüp | suck | Konyak | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 78344 | 5541 | 809 | həp | suck | v. | Konyak | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | French 83 | WTF-PNN | 561 | 0 |
| 172092 | 5541 | 807 | jep | kiss | Konyak | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 78346 | 5541 | 809 | jep | kiss | v. | Konyak | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | French 83 | WTF-PNN | 561 | 0 |
| 7170 | 5541 | 810 | jup | suck / kiss | v. | Konyak (Tamlu) | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 1114 | 0 |
| 172101 | 5541 | 1281 | jüp | kiss | Phom | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 78347 | 5541 | 1283 | jəp | kiss | v. | Phom | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | French 83 | WTF-PNN | 561 | 0 |
| 172706 | 5540,5541 | 669 | chu, chyup | suck | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 172110 | 5541 | 669 | chup | kiss | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 311381 | 5541 | 681 | chyup | suck, as through a straw | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Hanson 06 KcDc | OH-DKL | 92 | 0 | |
| 311383 | 5541 | 668 | tʃu̱p³¹ | suck up, absorb | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Dai 83 Jing | DQ-Jingpho | 98 | 0 | |
| 7164 | 5541 | 667 | ¹tšup | suck | v. | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 1114 | 0 |
| 7226 | 5541 | 667 | ¹tšup | kiss / suck | v.,v. | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 1144 | 0 |
| 211143 | 5541 | 690 | ʃup³¹ | milk | v | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 611.47 | 0 |
| 164419 | 5541 | 566 | tsup³ | suck | v. | Ganan | 40 | 1.7.3.2 | Asakian | 1 | Luce 85 | GHL-PPB | L.294 | 0 |
| 164416 | 5541 | 566 | tsɔ⁴ | suck | v. | Ganan | 40 | 1.7.3.2 | Asakian | 1 | Luce 85 | GHL-PPB | L.294 | 0 |
| 164417 | 5541 | 720 | soʔ¹ | suck | v. | Kadu (Kantu) | 40 | 1.7.3.2 | Asakian | 1 | Luce 85 | GHL-PPB | L.294 | 0 |
| 164420 | 5541 | 720 | sʻup¹ | suck | v. | Kadu (Kantu) | 40 | 1.7.3.2 | Asakian | 1 | Luce 85 | GHL-PPB | L.294 | 0 |
| 164415 | 5541 | 1355 | su³ | suck | v. | Sak (Dodem) | 40 | 1.7.3.2 | Asakian | 1 | Luce 85 | GHL-PPB | L.294 | 0 |
| 164418 | 5541 | 1355 | tsôʔ² | suck | v. | Sak (Dodem) | 40 | 1.7.3.2 | Asakian | 1 | Luce 85 | GHL-PPB | L.294 | 0 |
| 164414 | 5541 | 1354 | tsô⁴ | suck | v. | Sak (Bawtala) | 40 | 1.7.3.2 | Asakian | 1 | Luce 85 | GHL-PPB | L.294 | 0 |
| 18378 | 5540,5541 | 1262 | cug◦tʃʰi | suckle, suck | v. | Pattani [Manchati] | 20 | 2.1.1 | Western Himalayish | 0 | Sharma, D.D. 82 TH | DS-Patt | 0 | |
| 18351 | 5541 | 1262 | cəpu | kiss | n. | Pattani [Manchati] | 20 | 2.1.1 | Western Himalayish | 0 | Sharma, D.D. 82 TH | DS-Patt | 0 | |
| 18352 | 5541,m | 1262 | cəpu◦rənɖri | kiss | v. | Pattani [Manchati] | 20 | 2.1.1 | Western Himalayish | 0 | Sharma, D.D. 82 TH | DS-Patt | 0 | |
| 131308 | 5541,5541 | 1005 | tsip◦tsi | suck | Pattani [Manchati] | 20 | 2.1.1 | Western Himalayish | 0 | Sharma, S.R. 91 Ma | STP-ManQ | 5.4.5 | 0 | |
| 131309 | 502,5541 | 1005 | Tùn◦ḍẓi | nurse / suckle | v | Pattani [Manchati] | 20 | 2.1.1 | Western Himalayish | 0 | Sharma, S.R. 91 Ma | STP-ManQ | 5.4.6 | 0 |
| 126421 | m,5541 | 319 | pɛ⁵³ tɕi¹³ | kiss | v | Baima | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Sun H 91 Baim | SHK-BaimaQ | 3.9.5 | 0 |
| 5784 | 5541 | 375 | zip | suck | v. | Bumthang | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 664 | 0 |
| 5783 | 5541 | 823 | džip | suck | v. | Kurtöp | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 664 | 0 |
| 42282 | 5541 | 1086 | jum | suck (milk) | Tsangla (Motuo) | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Sun H 80 MLD | SLZO-MLD | 3 | ||
| 39338 | 5541,m | 1085 | tɕup⁵⁵ a⁵⁵ | kiss | Tsangla (Motuo) | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Zhang Jichuan 86 | JZ-CLMenba | 0 | ||
| 42283 | 5541,m | 1086 | tɕup◦ʔa | kiss | Tsangla (Motuo) | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Sun H 80 MLD | SLZO-MLD | 0 | ||
| 42109 | 5541 | 1090 | dʑip¹³ | suck (milk) | Tshona (Mama) | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Sun H 80 MLD | SLZO-MLD | 0 | ||
| 42110 | m,5541 | 1090 | ʔo⁵⁵ tʰɔp⁵³ | kiss | Tshona (Mama) | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Sun H 80 MLD | SLZO-MLD | 0 | ||
| 426403 | 5541,s | 1850 | dzip³⁵ pa⁵³ | suck | v. | Cuona Menba | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1648.06 | 0 |
| 5782 | 5541 | 550 | džup | suck | v. | Dzongkha | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 664 | 0 |
| 126776 | 5541,m | 1407 | jip◦ken | suck | Tibetan (Sherpa:Helambu) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Bishop 89 | B-ShrpaHQ | 5.4.5 | 0 | |
| 126777 | 5541,m | 1407 | jip◦ken | nurse / suckle | v | Tibetan (Sherpa:Helambu) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Bishop 89 | B-ShrpaHQ | 5.4.6 | 0 |
| 127018 | 5541,s | 1426 | jip◦ce | suck | Spiti | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Bodh 91 | CB-SpitiQ | 5.4.5 | 0 | |
| 144042 | 5541 | 1563 | 'jibs | suck | v. | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 171 | 0 |
| 172710 | 5541,s | 1564 | 'jibs-pa | suck | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 5780 | 5541 | 1562 | bźibs | suck | v. | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 664 | 0 |
| 5781 | 5541 | 1562 | bzip | suck | v. | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 664 | 0 |
| 426444 | 5541 | 1804 | ɦdʑib | suck | v. | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1648.01 | 0 |
| 5779 | 5541,s | 1562 | ɦjib(s)-pa | suck | v. | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 664 | 0 |
| 5778 | 5541 | 1468 | 'sip | suck | v. | Tamang (Bagmati) | 23 | 2.1.4 | Tamangish | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 664 | 0 |
| 126340 | 5541 | 1455 | ³sip | suck (milk, fingers) | v | Tamang (Risiangku) | 23 | 2.1.4 | Tamangish | 1 | Mazaudon 91 TamQ | MM-TamRisQ | 5.4.5 | 0 |
| 441391 | 5541,m,m,m | 1918 | cup-ā na-ye | kissed ("eat a kiss") | be v. | Newar | 27 | 2.2 | Newar | 1 | Malla 07 PC | KPM-pc | 0 | |
| 264563 | 5541,m,m | 1166 | cup◦ā-nala | kissed (he kissed) | v | Newar | 27 | 2.2 | Newar | 1 | Hale 73 CSD | AH-CSDPN | 10b1.51 | 0 |
| 62180 | 5541,m,m,s | 1174 | cup◦pa nɔ | kiss ("have a kiss") | v. | Newar | 27 | 2.2 | Newar | 1 | Shakya 89 | SH-KNw | 3.9.5 | 0 |
| 74405 | 5541,m | 911 | tsup mEtt- | kiss | v. | Limbu | 31 | 2.3.1 | Eastern Kiranti | 1 | Michailovsky 89 Lm | BM-Lim | 0 | |
| 132354 | 5541,s,m,s | 1644 | cup◦pa cok◦ma | kiss | Yakha | 31 | 2.3.1 | Eastern Kiranti | 1 | Kohn 90 | TK-Yakha | 3.9.5 | 0 | |
| 51039 | 5541 | 327 | chUp | suck up | Bantawa | 76 | 2.3.2 | Southern Kiranti | 1 | Rai 85 BnDs | NKR-Bant | 0 | ||
| 51102 | 5541,m | 327 | cup◦ma | kiss | Bantawa | 76 | 2.3.2 | Southern Kiranti | 1 | Rai 85 BnDs | NKR-Bant | 0 | ||
| 144039 | 5541 | 115 | chip- | suck | v. | *Dum-Thu-Kha | 77 | 2.3.3 | Central Kiranti | 1 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 171 | 0 |
| 264562 | 5541,m,m | 752 | cūp mū-ne | kiss | v | Khaling | 77 | 2.3.3 | Central Kiranti | 1 | Hale 73 CSD | AH-CSDPN | 10b1.51 | 0 |
| 271427 | 5541,m | 1433 | cim-cā | milk a cow | v | Sunwar | 30 | 2.3.4 | Western Kiranti | 1 | Hale 73 CSD | AH-CSDPN | 03b.41 | 0 |
| 144040 | 5541 | 1542 | chip- | suck (marrow) | v. | Thulung | 30 | 2.3.4 | Western Kiranti | 1 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 171 | 0 |
| 146707 | 5541 | 1545 | chip- | suck (marrow), to encroach (on another's land) | v. | Thulung | 30 | 2.3.4 | Western Kiranti | 1 | Allen 75 | NJA-Thulung | 0 | |
| 271422 | 5541,m | 990 | cip-ke | milk a cow | v | Magar | 28 | 2.4 | Kham-Magar-Chepang | 1 | Hale 73 CSD | AH-CSDPN | 03b.41 | 0 |
| 234812 | 5541 | 1494 | ndǐᴜɦ | kiss / suck | Tangut [Xixia] | 33 | 3.1 | Tangut | 1 | Nishida 64 Tan | NT-SGK | 255-122 | 0 | |
| 234919 | 5541 | 1494 | Tǐụ | suckle / breastfeed / nourish | Tangut [Xixia] | 33 | 3.1 | Tangut | 1 | Nishida 64 Tan | NT-SGK | 7-145 | 0 | |
| 128801 | 5541 | 562 | tsɿ⁵⁵ | nurse / suckle | Ersu | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ErsQ | SHK-ErsCQ | 0 | ||
| 211154 | 5541 | 561 | tʃɛ³³ | milk | v | Ersu | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 611.18 | 0 |
| 415093 | 253,253,5541 | 1811 | (ni⁵⁵ni⁵⁵)◦ntʃhə⁵⁵ | squeeze (for milk) | v. | Guiqiong | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1405.16 | 0 |
| 211128 | 5541 | 595 | ntʃhɿ⁵⁵ | milk | v | Guiqiong | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 611.17 | 0 |
| 128936 | 5541,5541 | 594 | tsy⁵⁵ tsy³³ | kiss | Guiqiong | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 GuiQ | SHK-GuiqQ | 0 | ||
| 128983 | 5541,5541 | 594 | tsy⁵⁵ tsy³³ | suck | Guiqiong | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 GuiQ | SHK-GuiqQ | 0 | ||
| 211127 | 5541 | 1136 | nɐ³³tsyi³⁵| | milk | v | Muya [Minyak] | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 611.15 | 0 |
| 211129 | 5541 | 1147 | ntshu⁵³ | milk | v | Namuyi | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 611.19 | 0 |
| 129913 | 5541,5541,m | 1146 | tʂu⁵⁵tʂu⁵⁵mɯ⁵⁵ | kiss | v. | Namuyi | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 NamQ | SHK-NamuQ | 3.9.5 | 0 |
| 211126 | 5541 | 1306 | nə¹³tsə⁵⁵| | milk | v | Pumi (Qinghua) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 611.11 | 0 |
| 211150 | 5541 | 1309 | nə³⁵tsi⁵³| | milk | v | Pumi (Taoba) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 611.10 | 0 |
| 511728 | 5541 | 1996 | tshí | suck (milk) | Qiang (Longxi) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Evans 99 Qiang | JPE-SQiang | 2360 | 0 | |
| 37501 | 5541 | 1316 | tsəp | milk | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun J 86 Mawo | JS-Mawo | 0 | ||
| 43186 | 5541 | 1317 | tsəp | milk | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 81 Qia | JZ-Qiang | 0 | ||
| 129225 | 5541 | 1319 | tsəp | milk | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 MawQ | SHK-MawoQ | 5.4.3 | 0 | |
| 349921 | 5541 | 1852 | tsəp | milk | n | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0095.08 | 0 |
| 194319 | 5541 | 1320 | tsəp | milk | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 281.8 | 0 | |
| 211149 | 5541,5541 | 1320 | tʂhi tʂhi | milk | v | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 611.8 | 0 |
| 43084 | 5541 | 1317 | tʂhə | suck / inhale | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 81 Qia | JZ-Qiang | 0 | ||
| 426405 | 5541 | 1852 | tʂhɛ | suck | v. | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1648.08 | 0 |
| 129226 | 5541,5541,m | 1319 | tʂʰə (tʂʰə la) | suck | v | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 MawQ | SHK-MawoQ | 5.4.5 | 0 |
| 511115 | 5541,b,s | 1997 | (tʂhɛ̀) ŋaò thá | refine (milk) [m-b(boil)-s] | Qiang (Mianchi) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Evans 99 Qiang | JPE-SQiang | 2141 | 0 | |
| 511434 | 5541,5541,m | 1997 | tsù tsú (pù) | kiss | v. | Qiang (Mianchi) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Evans 99 Qiang | JPE-SQiang | 2256 | 0 |
| 43334 | 253,253,5541 | 1321 | ȵy⁵⁵ ȵy⁵⁵ tsuə³³ | milk | Qiang (Taoping) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 81 Qia | JZ-Qiang | 0 | ||
| 194295 | 253,253,5541 | 1323 | ȵy⁵⁵ȵy⁵⁵tsuə⁵⁵ | milk | Qiang (Taoping) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 281.9 | 0 | |
| 18011 | 5541 | 1325 | tʂʰe | suck (milk) | Qiang (Yadu) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Dai 89 Qian | DQ-QiangN | 2262 | 0 | |
| 211153 | m,5541 | 1699 | lə³⁵dʑe⁵³ | milk | v | Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba] | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 611.16 | 0 |
| 211155 | 5541 | 1409 | tshu³³ | milk | v | Xumi | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 611.20 | 0 |
| 128482 | 5541 | 560 | ndʑip⁵³ | suck | v | Ergong (Northern) | 35 | 3.3 | rGyalrongic | 1 | Sun H 91 ErNQ | SHK-ErgNQ | 5.4.5 | 0 |
| 211152 | 5541 | 557 | ntʂhɛ | milk | v | Ergong (Danba) | 35 | 3.3 | rGyalrongic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 611.14 | 0 |
| 129594 | m,5541,5541 | 558 | wɯ mtsɯ mtsi | suck | v. | Ergong (Danba) | 35 | 3.3 | rGyalrongic | 1 | Sun H 91 ErDQ | SHK-ErgDQ | 5.4.5 | 0 |
| 13608 | 5541 | 559 | ɕhuə | milk | Ergong (Daofu) | 35 | 3.3 | rGyalrongic | 1 | Dai 89 Daof | DQ-Daofu | 5.4.3 | 0 | |
| 194322 | 5541 | 557 | ɕhɯ | milk | Ergong (Danba) | 35 | 3.3 | rGyalrongic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 281.14 | 0 | |
| 129593 | 5541 | 558 | ɕʰɯ | milk | Ergong (Danba) | 35 | 3.3 | rGyalrongic | 1 | Sun H 91 ErDQ | SHK-ErgDQ | 5.4.3 | 0 | |
| 13610 | 5541 | 559 | ʔtsɑu | suck | v. | Ergong (Daofu) | 35 | 3.3 | rGyalrongic | 1 | Dai 89 Daof | DQ-Daofu | 5.4.5 | 0 |
| 130767 | p,5541 | 618 | ka◦ntsʰrop | suck | v | rGyalrong (NW) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Sun H 91 rNW | SHK-rGNWQ | 5.4.5 | 0 |
| 14021 | p,p,5541 | 606 | kə mə scup | suck | v. | rGyalrong | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Dai 89 Jiar | DQ-Jiarong | 5.4.5 | 0 |
| 426408 | p,p,5541 | 1806 | kɑ mə scçup | suck | v. | rGyalrong (Maerkang) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1648.11 | 0 |
| 194337 | p,5539,5541 | 269 | ɑ³¹tʂhu⁵⁵tʂhɿ³¹ | milk | Anong | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 281.44 | 0 | |
| 211164 | 5541 | 1615 | tɕi²¹ | milk | v | Tujia | 41 | 5 | Tujia | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 611.38 | 0 |
| 167797 | 5541 | 146 | C-cup| | suck / milk | *Lolo-Burmese | 42 | 6.1 | Lolo-Burmese | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 73(c) | 0 | |
| 514949 | 5541 | 2011 | C-|tšupᴸ | suck / kiss / breast / milk | *Lolo-Burmese | 42 | 6.1 | Lolo-Burmese | 1 | Matisoff 03 HPTB | JAM-HPTB | 589 | 0 | |
| 167795 | 5541 | 146 | ʔcup | suck / milk | *Lolo-Burmese | 42 | 6.1 | Lolo-Burmese | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 73(a) | 0 | |
| 167787 | 5541,5541,5541 | 146 | ʔcupᴴ ⪤ ʔjupᴸ ⪤ C-|cupᴸ | suck / milk | *Lolo-Burmese | 42 | 6.1 | Lolo-Burmese | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 69a | 0 | |
| 167796 | 5541 | 146 | ʔjup | suck / milk | *Lolo-Burmese | 42 | 6.1 | Lolo-Burmese | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 73(b) | 0 | |
| 426423 | 5541 | 1824 | tʂɔp⁵⁵ | suck | v. | Achang (Longchuan) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1648.28 | 0 |
| 17595 | 5541 | 209 | ʂuʔ⁵⁵ | suck (milk) | Achang (Xiandao) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Dai 89 Xian | DQ-Xiandao | 2262 | 0 | |
| 426424 | 5541 | 1825 | ʂuʔ⁵⁵ | suck | v. | Achang (Xiandao) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1648.29 | 0 |
| 13345 | 5541 | 370 | tʃa̱p⁵⁵ | suck (milk) | Bola | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Dai 89 Bola | DQ-Bola | 2262 | 0 | |
| 234300 | p,253,5541 | 653 | ă◦nùʼ s(h)ùʼ | suck (the breast) | Hpun (Northern) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Henderson 86 Hpun | EJAH-Hpun | 0 | ||
| 234299 | 5541 | 653 | s(h)àʔ | suck | Hpun (Northern) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Henderson 86 Hpun | EJAH-Hpun | 0 | ||
| 15538 | 5541 | 886 | ʃɛ̱:³³ | suck | v. | Lashi | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Dai 89 Lash | DQ-Lashi | 5.4.5 | 0 |
| 15427 | 5541 | 1024 | tʃa̱p⁵⁵ | suck (as babe at breast) | Maru [Langsu] | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Dai 89 Lang | DQ-Langsu | add3 | 0 | |
| 211141 | 5541 | 1034 | tʃa̱p⁵⁵ | milk | v | Maru [Langsu] | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 611.43 | 0 |
| 15286 | 5541 | 1024 | ʃɛ³¹ | suck | v. | Maru [Langsu] | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Dai 89 Lang | DQ-Langsu | 5.4.5 | 0 |
| 426425 | 5541 | 1827 | tʃu̱p⁵⁵ | suck | v. | Atsi [Zaiwa] | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1648.30 | 0 |
| 211166 | 5541 | 1693 | tʃu̱p⁵⁵ | milk | v | Atsi [Zaiwa] | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 611.42 | 0 |
| 15782 | 5541 | 958 | tʂhɯ̱³¹ | suck | v. | Lolopho | 45 | 6.1.2 | Loloish | 1 | Dai 89 Lolo | DQ-Lolopho | 5.4.5 | 0 |
| 15783 | 5541 | 958 | tʂhɯ̱³¹ | nurse / suckle | v. | Lolopho | 45 | 6.1.2 | Loloish | 1 | Dai 89 Lolo | DQ-Lolopho | 5.4.6 | 0 |
| 13803 | 5541 | 584 | sɿ²⁴ | suck | v. | Gazhuo | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Dai 89 Gazh | DQ-Gazhuo | 5.4.5 | 0 |
| 9339 | 5541 | 878 | tsɿ⁵⁵ | kiss | v. | Lalo | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 86 Yi | CK-YiQ | 3.9.5 | 0 |
| 9350 | 5541 | 878 | tʂʰʅ̄²¹ | suck | v. | Lalo | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 86 Yi | CK-YiQ | 5.4.5 | 0 |
| 9349 | p,5541 | 878 | ɑ⁵⁵ tʂʅ̄³³ | milk | Lalo | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 86 Yi | CK-YiQ | 5.4.3 | 0 | |
| 9352 | p,5541,308 | 878 | ɑ⁵⁵ tʂʅ̄³³ bɪ̱³³ | breast | Lalo | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 86 Yi | CK-YiQ | 5.4 | 0 | |
| 9348 | p,5541,385,1223 | 878 | ɑ⁵⁵ tʂʅ̄³³ bɪ̱³³ y²¹ dy⁵⁵ | nipple | Lalo | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 86 Yi | CK-YiQ | 5.4.1 | 4 | |
| 296368 | 3459,5541 | 904 | pa̱²¹dʐɿ³³ | breast | Lipho | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 86 Yi | CK-YiQ | 5.4 | 0 | |
| 296370 | 3459,5541,1013 | 904 | pa̱²¹dʐɿ³³vi³³ | milk | Lipho | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 86 Yi | CK-YiQ | 5.4.3 | 0 | |
| 296371 | 5541 | 904 | tʂhɿ̄²¹ | suck | Lipho | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 86 Yi | CK-YiQ | 5.4.5 | 0 | |
| 33318 | 5541 | 1152 | tʂɿ 44| | suck / milk | Nasu | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 73(b) | 0 | |
| 9556 | 5541 | 1148 | tʂɿ̄⁵⁵ | suck | v. | Nasu | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 86 Yi | CK-YiQ | 5.4.5 | 0 |
| 9765 | 5541 | 1164 | tʂʅ̄²¹ | suck | v. | Nesu | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 86 Yi | CK-YiQ | 5.4.5 | 0 |
| 284291 | 5541 | 1193 | tʂɤ¹³ | suck | Noesu | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 86 Yi | CK-YiQ | 5.4.5 | 0 | |
| 283597 | 3450,5541 | 1194 | bu⁵⁵tɕɿ̄⁵⁵ | kiss | Nosu | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 86 Yi | CK-YiQ | 3.9.5 | 0 | |
| 283620 | 5541 | 1194 | tɕɿ̄⁵⁵ | suck | Nosu | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 86 Yi | CK-YiQ | 5.4.5 | 0 | |
| 211142 | 5541 | 1215 | tsɔ̱⁵³ | milk | v | Nusu (Bijiang) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 611.45 | 0 |
| 459685 | 3450,5541 | 1962 | bu⁵⁵ʨɿ⁵⁵ | kiss | Yi (Liangshan) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Ma 08 Yi | SIL-Nuosu | index | 0 | |
| 211158 | 5541 | 1663 | tɕi²¹ | milk | v | Yi (Mojiang) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 611.26 | 0 |
| 193205 | 3459,5541 | 1664 | bɯ³³dʐi̱³³ | breast | Yi (Nanhua) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 259.24 | 0 | |
| 194327 | 3459,5541,1013 | 1664 | bɯ̱³³dʐi̱³³ʑi³³ | milk | Yi (Nanhua) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 281.24 | 0 | |
| 43799 | p,5541,308 | 1665 | a⁵⁵ tʂɿ̄³³ pi̱³³ | breast | Yi (Nanjian) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 85 YiJZ | JZ-Yi | 0 | ||
| 43820 | p,5541 | 1665 | a⁵⁵ tʂʅ̄³³ | milk | Yi (Nanjian) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 85 YiJZ | JZ-Yi | 0 | ||
| 194301 | p,5541 | 1666 | a⁵⁵tʂɿ̄³³ | milk | Yi (Nanjian) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 281.23 | 0 | |
| 193179 | p,5541,276 | 1666 | a⁵⁵tʂɿ̄³³pi³³ | breast | Yi (Nanjian) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 259.23 | 0 | |
| 211131 | 5541 | 1666 | ɕȳ³³ | milk | v | Yi (Nanjian) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 611.23 | 0 |
| 211130 | 5541 | 1670 | tshi³³ | milk | v | Yi (Xide) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 611.21 | 0 |
| 10254 | 5541,m | 1667 | tɕɿ⁵⁵-ɕo⁵⁵ | suck | Yi (Xide) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 79 YiCh | CSL-YIzd | 0 | ||
| 47412 | 5541 | 216 | tʂi̱⁵⁵ | nurse / suckle | v. | Ahi | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Luo 90 | LMZ-AhiQ | 5.4.6 | 0 |
| 33316 | 5541 | 214 | tʂɿ 55 | suck / milk | Ahi | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 73(b) | 0 | |
| 284083 | 5541 | 210 | tʂɿ̄⁵⁵ | suck | Ahi | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Chen 86 Yi | CK-YiQ | 5.4.5 | 0 | |
| 47411 | m,m,5541 | 216 | ɑ³³ nɯ³³ tʂi̱⁵⁵ | suck | v. | Ahi | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Luo 90 | LMZ-AhiQ | 5.4.5 | 0 |
| 426438 | 5541 | 1842 | tʃhu⁵⁵ | suck | v. | Jinuo | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1648.44 | 0 |
| 14422 | 5541 | 698 | tʃʰu⁵⁵ | suck (milk) | Jinuo (Baya/Banai) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Dai 89 JinA | DQ-JinA | 2360 | 0 | |
| 14638 | 5541 | 697 | tʃʰv̩⁵⁵ | suck (milk) | Jinuo (Baka) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Dai 89 JinB | DQ-JinB | 2360 | 0 | |
| 12037 | 5541 | 492 | chaw˰/htsuh˰ | suck | *Common Lahu | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 79 PLo | DB-PLolo | 633 | 0 | |
| 11237 | 5541 | 492 | cuˉ | milk | *Common Lahu | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 79 PLo | DB-PLolo | 155A | 0 | |
| 296550 | 1354,5541,2499 | 831 | cha-cú-ni | clitoris | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 88 DL | JAM-DL | 517 | 0 | |
| 30649 | 5541 | 835 | chɔ̀ʔ | suck / kiss | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 78 MLBM | JAM-MLBM | 42 | 0 | |
| 33320 | 5541 | 839 | chɔ̀ʔ | suck | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 73(c) | 0 | |
| 33314 | 5541 | 839 | cú | milk | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 73(b) | 5 | |
| 441369 | 5541,m | 831 | cú phâʔ | wean | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 88 DL | JAM-DL | p.466 | 0 | |
| 148810 | 5541,163 | 834 | cú-phô | breast | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 93 PC | JAM-II | 0 | ||
| 148811 | 5541,163 | 834 | cú-phû | breast | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 93 PC | JAM-II | 0 | ||
| 41517 | 5541,m | 850 | dzv̩³⁵ fv̩⁵³ | breast | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Chang 86 | JZ-Lahu | 0 | ||
| 193184 | 5541,163 | 851 | tsu³⁵fu³³ | breast | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 259.33 | 0 | |
| 194306 | 5541,1013 | 851 | tsu³⁵ɣɯ³¹ | milk | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 281.33 | 0 | |
| 41542 | 5541,1013 | 850 | tsv̩³⁵ ɣɯ³¹ | milk | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Chang 86 | JZ-Lahu | 0 | ||
| 41669 | 5541,308 | 856 | tsv̩³⁵ pɛʔ⁵⁴ | breast | Lahu (Yellow) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Chang 86 | JZ-Lahu | 0 | ||
| 41693 | 5541,1013 | 856 | tsv̩³⁵ ɣɯ³¹ | milk | Lahu (Yellow) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Chang 86 | JZ-Lahu | 0 | ||
| 284526 | 5541,308 | 846 | cuˉ pehˆ | breast | Lahu (Bakeo) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 79 Lahu | DB-Lahu | 119 | 0 | |
| 284615 | 5541,1013 | 847 | cu:◦g'i˯ | milk | Lahu (Banlan) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 79 Lahu | DB-Lahu | 155 | 0 | |
| 284580 | 5541,308 | 847 | cu:◦pehˆ | breast | Lahu (Banlan) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 79 Lahu | DB-Lahu | 119 | 0 | |
| 285824 | p,5541 | 943 | a⁵-chï² | milk | Lisu (Central) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Fraser 22 | JF-HLL | 0 | ||
| 10768 | p,5541 | 923 | a⁵chï² | milk | Lisu | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 79 PLo | DB-PLolo | 155A | 0 | |
| 272173 | p,5541 | 946 | a⁵⁵tʃɿ³⁵ | milk | N | Lisu (Northern) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 94 Lisu | DB-Lisu | 0 | |
| 272175 | p,5541,385,1223 | 946 | a⁵⁵tʃɿ³⁵ ɔ⁵⁵dy³³ | nipple | Lisu (Northern) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 94 Lisu | DB-Lisu | 6 | ||
| 272174 | p,5541,m | 946 | a⁵⁵tʃɿ³⁵hɤ²¹ | milk powder | Lisu (Northern) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 94 Lisu | DB-Lisu | 0 | ||
| 164669 | 5541 | 949 | chʻɪʔ⁶ | suck | v. | Lisu (Putao) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Luce 85 | GHL-PPB | V.108 | 0 |
| 10877 | 5541 | 923 | hchï⁶ | suck | Lisu | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 79 PLo | DB-PLolo | 633 | 0 | |
| 164670 | 5541 | 950 | hchï⁶ | suck | v. | Lisu (Theng-yüeh) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Luce 85 | GHL-PPB | V.108 | 0 |
| 33321 | 5541 | 930 | hchï⁶ | suck | Lisu | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 73(c) | 0 | |
| 286482 | 5541 | 943 | hchï⁶ | suck | v. | Lisu (Central) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Fraser 22 | JF-HLL | 0 | |
| 211133 | 5541 | 942 | tshɿ³⁵ | milk | v | Lisu | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 611.27 | 0 |
| 426434 | 5541 | 1838 | tʃhi̱³¹ | suck | v. | Lisu | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1648.40 | 0 |
| 273126 | 5541 | 946 | tʃhɿʔ²¹ | breathe in; suck | V | Lisu (Northern) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 94 Lisu | DB-Lisu | 0 | |
| 41896 | 5541 | 947 | tʃhɿ̄⁴² | suck | Lisu (Nujiang) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Xu 86 Lisu | JZ-Lisu | 0 | ||
| 41824 | p,5541 | 947 | ɑ⁵⁵ tʃɿ³⁵ | breast | Lisu (Nujiang) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Xu 86 Lisu | JZ-Lisu | 0 | ||
| 41851 | p,5541 | 947 | ɑ⁵⁵ tʃɿ³⁵ | milk | Lisu (Nujiang) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Xu 86 Lisu | JZ-Lisu | 0 | ||
| 193181 | p,5541 | 942 | ɑ⁵⁵tʃɿ³⁵ | breast | Lisu | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 259.27 | 0 | |
| 194303 | p,5541 | 942 | ɑ⁵⁵tʃɿ³⁵ | milk | Lisu | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 281.27 | 0 | |
| 33317 | 5541 | 1368 | tʂʐ̣ |55 | suck / milk | Sani [Nyi] | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 73(b) | 0 | |
| 146456 | 5541 | 234 | cu HS| | suck up (e.g. bird sucking nectar, / vampire) | Akha | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 73(a) | 0 | |
| 146457 | 5541 | 234 | cu LS| | suck up (e.g. through small bamboo tube) / kiss | Akha | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 73(b) | 0 | |
| 30651 | 5541 | 231 | cu˰ | suck / kiss | Akha | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 78 MLBM | JAM-MLBM | 42 | 0 | |
| 33313 | 5541 | 341 | kjū | suck / milk | Bisu | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 73(a) | 0 | |
| 33319 | 5541,5541 | 341 | tšù ~ kjù | suck / milk | Bisu | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 73(b) | 0 | |
| 51319 | 5541 | 344 | tʃhù | suck at the breast | Bisu | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Beaudouin 88 Bisu | PB-Bisu | 35 | 0 | |
| 51303 | 5541 | 344 | tʃup | kiss | v | Bisu | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Beaudouin 88 Bisu | PB-Bisu | 32 | 0 |
| 33312 | 5541 | 631 | tsu 33c| | suck / milk | Hani (Hu T’an) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 73(a) | 0 | |
| 426435 | 5541 | 1839 | tsu̱³³ | suck | v. | Hani (Lüchun) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1648.41 | 0 |
| 40832 | p,5541 | 634 | a⁵⁵ tʃv̩³³ | breast | Hani (Shuikui) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Li Yongsui 86 Hani | JZ-Hani | 0 | ||
| 40854 | p,5541 | 634 | a⁵⁵ tʃv̩̄³³ | milk | Hani (Shuikui) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Li Yongsui 86 Hani | JZ-Hani | 0 | ||
| 193209 | p,5541 | 1416 | a⁵⁵tʃv̱³³ | breast | Hani (Shuikui) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 259.32 | 0 | |
| 194331 | p,5541 | 1416 | a⁵⁵tʃv̱³³ | milk | Hani (Shuikui) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 281.32 | 0 | |
| 211161 | 5541 | 1416 | tʃhɤ³¹ | milk | v | Hani (Shuikui) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 611.32 | 0 |
| 426436 | 5541 | 1840 | tʃhv̩³¹ | suck | v. | Hani (Mojiang) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1648.42 | 0 |
| 435738 | 5541 | 1120 | siʔ³ | smoke / suck on | v. | Mpi | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Srinuan 76 | SD-MPD | 0 | |
| 436009 | 5541 | 1120 | tɕhiʔ³ | suck by using a straw | Mpi | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Srinuan 76 | SD-MPD | 0 | ||
| 30648 | 5541 | 1117 | tɕhuʔ¹ | suck / kiss | Mpi | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 78 MLBM | JAM-MLBM | 42 | 0 | |
| 436074 | 5541 | 1120 | tɕhuʔ¹ | kiss / suck | Mpi | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Srinuan 76 | SD-MPD | 0 | ||
| 426439 | 5541 | 1843 | tɕhi⁵⁵ | suck | v. | Naxi | 43 | 6.2 | Naxi | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1648.45 | 0 |
| 211137 | 5541 | 314 | tsue⁴⁴ | milk | v | Bai (Dali) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 611.35 | 0 |
| 80696 | 3459,5541 | 309 | pa̱⁴² tɕi̱⁴⁴ | breast | Bai (Jianchuan) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Zhao 90 | ZYS-Bai | 5.4 | 0 | |
| 426442 | 5541 | 1846 | tɕi̱³³ | suck | v. | Bai (Jianchuan) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1648.48 | 0 |
| 80702 | 5541 | 309 | tɕi̱⁴⁴ | suck | v. | Bai (Jianchuan) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Zhao 90 | ZYS-Bai | 5.4.5 | 0 |
| 77542 | 5541 | 478 | tsəp | suck | Chinese (Old) | 53 | 9.0.1 | Old Chinese | 0 | Coblin 86 | WSC-SH | 144 | 0 | |
| 77543 | 5541 | 468 | tsəp | sting and suck (sc. mosquito) | Chinese (Middle) | 54 | 9.0.2 | Middle Chinese | 0 | Coblin 86 | WSC-SH | 144 | 0 |
噆 OC *tsʼəm/tsəp, GSR #660f, 660o ‘have in mouth; bite; sting’; Li 1971: (*tshəm/p); Baxter 1992: (*tshɨm/p); B & S 2011: *tsˁəp {tsˁ[ə]p}; Mand. cǎn, zǎn.
Neither Li nor Baxter (1992) reconstructs this word. As Baxter notes (1992:555), this phonetic series presents unusual difficulties for OC reconstruction. Baxter reconstructs some words with *o and others with *i/ɨ.
It is not clear why Karlgren lists the character twice in GSR #660. At GSR #660f he reconstructs *tsʼəm for the meaning ‘have in mouth’ and *tsəp for the meaning ‘bite’, while at GSR #660o he reconstructs *tsəp meaning ‘sting and suck’. Karlgren’s usual practice in GSR is to group multiple readings of a single character together, listing that character only once.
On the apparent mismatch between the voiceless PTB initial and the voiced OC initial, see the discussion under #1654 PTB *pu EGG.
Vowel correspondences between OC and PTB before labial codas are difficult to pin down. In Li’s system, OC *‑ə‑ regularly corresponds to TB *‑u‑ and/or *‑i‑. Examples include 三 OC *səm ‘three’, PTB *gsum, Mand. sān; 入 OC *njəp ‘enter/sink’, PTB *nup ⪤ *nip, Mand. rù; and 寢 OC *tshjəm ‘sleep’, WT gzim, Mand. qǐn (Coblin 1986:134). Using Baxter’s system, however, where six vowels (as opposed to just *a, *ə in Li’s system) occur before bilabial consonants, correspondences are less regular. This is in part because in many cases there is ambiguity in the reconstruction of vowels before bilabial codas in his system. At the present state of our knowledge, the proposed cognate set is viable.
[ZJH]