STEDT Etymon #3450
1.0 The Body > 1.9 Reproductive System > 1.9.4 Breast
#3450 PTB *m-pup ⪤ *pip KISS / SUCK / SUCKLE |
This etymon displays the same *‑u‑ ⪤ *‑i‑ variation found with #5541 PTB *m‑ts(y)(u/i)p SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK, as well as a similar variation in the position of articulation of the final stop: compare Bengni muː‑pup, Rongmei ka‑pút, and Sunwar 'pu:k◦pu 'pā‑cā. Weidert 1987 (#651, #1017) sets up “Kuki-Naga-Chin” *m‑but, and J. Sun 1993 reconstructs Proto-Tani *pup ⪤ *puk, but in TB generally ‑p seems to be the most widespread final consonant.
The two labials (initial and final) in this root have an imitative flavor, apparently mimicking the labial activity involved in sucking and kissing.
This allofam with ‑u‑ vocalism is more common, and so far it is only before this variant that the nasal prefix is attested. This prefix should be set up for PTB as a whole, since it occurs in Himalayish (Bunan) a◦mbok də◦ca and Qiangic (rGyalrong) kəwu◦nəpok, as well as widely in Naga languages. This variant frequently occurs in compounds after reflexes of #3451 PTB *m‑ʔum ⪤ *mum HOLD IN MOUTH / CHEW / EAT / KISS, below (e.g. Milang mum‑pup‑ma), and this may in fact be the source of the prefixal *m‑ in my reconstruction.
The allofam pip has so far only been found in Himalayish.
Some reflexes show final ‑t or ‑k. For similar variability of the final consonant, see #5541 PTB *m‑ts(y)(u/i)p SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK, #5537 PTB *dzyut SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK, #5540 PTB *tsyuk ⪤ *dzyuk SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK. The variation in position of articulation of the final consonant seems clearly to have been caused by the influence of suffixal material. Cf. the consonantal sequences across morpheme boundary in forms like Bantawa phïpt‑ and Chamling pips‑, which seem to lie behind forms like Limbu piːtt‑, where the labial final has been assimilated to an earlier dental suffix. Note also the variation between final stop and nasal in Thulung.
| rn | analysis | lgid | reflex | gloss | gfn | language | grpid | grpno | grp | genetic | citation | srcabbr | srcid | rn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7002 | 3450 | 133 | m-but| | kiss | v. | *Kuki-Naga | 3 | 1 | NE Indian Areal Group | 0 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 1017 | 0 |
| 5722 | 3450 | 134 | m-but| | kiss / suck | v. | *Kuki-Naga-Chin | 3 | 1 | NE Indian Areal Group | 0 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 651 | 0 |
| 283233 | 3450,3450 | 173 | pup ~ puk| | kiss | *Tani | 5 | 1.1.1 | Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 HCST | JS-HCST | 224 | 0 | |
| 173786 | 3451,3450 | 333 | muː-pup | kiss | Bengni | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 HCST | JS-HCST | 0 | ||
| 155565 | 3451,3450 | 334 | muː-pup | kiss | Bengni | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 Tani | JS-Tani | 0 | ||
| 173787 | p,3450 | 360 | a-pup | kiss | Bokar | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 HCST | JS-HCST | 0 | ||
| 155566 | p,3450 | 365 | a-pup | kiss | Bokar | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 Tani | JS-Tani | 0 | ||
| 494924 | 3450,m | 1979 | buu◦jin | suck dry | vt. | Galo | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09 | GLDC-GED | 0 | |
| 494451 | 3450,s | 1979 | buu◦nam | slurp | vt. | Galo | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09 | GLDC-GED | 0 | |
| 494921 | 3450,s | 1979 | buu◦nam | suck | vt. | Galo | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09 | GLDC-GED | 0 | |
| 44466 | 3450,s | 564 | buː-nam | sucking | v | Galo | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Das Gupta 63 Gal | KDG-IGL | 0 | |
| 45539 | 3451,3450,s | 564 | mum-puk-nam | kiss | v | Galo | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Das Gupta 63 Gal | KDG-IGL | 0 | |
| 492273 | 3451,3450 | 1979 | `muu◦puk | kiss | vt. | Galo | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09 | GLDC-GED | 0 | |
| 492274 | 3451,3450,m | 1979 | `muu◦puk-dotak | kiss.and.cluck.mouth | vi. | Galo | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09 | GLDC-GED | 0 | |
| 45962 | p,1621,6388,m,3450,m | 1444 | a◦nɤɤ ku mo◦pup◦do | Mother kisses the child | Tagin | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Das Gupta 83 Tag | KDG-Tag | 0 | ||
| 45961 | 3451,3450,s | 1444 | mo◦pup-nam | kiss | v | Tagin | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Das Gupta 83 Tag | KDG-Tag | 0 | |
| 173788 | 3451,3450 | 1253 | mam-puk | kiss | Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri] | 74 | 1.1.1.2 | Eastern Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 HCST | JS-HCST | 1 | ||
| 155567 | p,3450,s | 498 | ʔa-put-nə | kiss | Damu | 74 | 1.1.1.2 | Eastern Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 Tani | JS-Tani | 0 | ||
| 1774 | 3451,3450,m | 1070 | mum-pup-ma | kiss | Milang | 74 | 1.1.1.2 | Eastern Tani | 1 | Tayeng 76 Mil | AT-MPB | 0 | ||
| 39962 | 3450 | 590 | bɯp⁵⁵ | kiss | Kaman [Miju] | 6 | 1.1.2 | Deng | 1 | Sun H 80 MLD | SLZO-MLD | 0 | ||
| 7006 | 3450 | 257 | ²me¹bo| | kiss | v. | Angami Naga | 65 | 1.3.2 | Angami-Pochuri Group | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 1017 | 0 |
| 172085 | 3450 | 252 | mebo | kiss | Angami (Khonoma) | 65 | 1.3.2 | Angami-Pochuri Group | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 172086 | 3450 | 254 | mebo | kiss | Angami (Kohima) | 65 | 1.3.2 | Angami-Pochuri Group | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 167234 | 3450 | 256 | me³¹ bo¹¹| | kiss | Angami (Kohima) | 65 | 1.3.2 | Angami-Pochuri Group | 1 | Nienu 90 AngQ | VN-AngQ | 3.9.5 | 0 | |
| 172090 | 3450 | 486 | bo | kiss | Chokri | 65 | 1.3.2 | Angami-Pochuri Group | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 167435 | 3450 | 487 | mü³¹ bo¹¹| | kiss | Chokri | 65 | 1.3.2 | Angami-Pochuri Group | 1 | Nienu 90 ChoQ | VN-ChkQ | 3.9.5 | 0 | |
| 167434 | 3450 | 487 | m³¹ bo¹¹| | kiss | Chokri | 65 | 1.3.2 | Angami-Pochuri Group | 1 | Nienu 90 ChoQ | VN-ChkQ | 3.9.5 | 0 | |
| 172102 | 3450 | 1335 | bo | kiss | Rengma | 65 | 1.3.2 | Angami-Pochuri Group | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 7005 | 3450 | 1338 | ¹n²bo| | kiss | v. | Rengma (Southern) | 65 | 1.3.2 | Angami-Pochuri Group | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 1017 | 0 |
| 7004 | p,3450 | 905 | ka-pût | kiss | v. | Liangmei | 64 | 1.3.3 | Zeme Group | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 1017 | 0 |
| 7003 | m,3450 | 1346 | ka-pút | kiss | v. | Rongmei / Nruanghmei | 64 | 1.3.3 | Zeme Group | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 1017 | 0 |
| 172099 | m,3450 | 1347 | kü◦put | kiss | Rongmei / Nruanghmei | 64 | 1.3.3 | Zeme Group | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 172107 | m,3450 | 1694 | ke◦put | kiss | Zeme | 64 | 1.3.3 | Zeme Group | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 311401 | 3450 | 669 | pùp | kiss | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 128213 | p,3450,m,m | 378 | a◦mbok də◦ca | kiss | Bunan | 20 | 2.1.1 | Western Himalayish | 0 | Sharma, S.R. 91 Bu | SBN-BunQ | 3.9.5 | 0 | |
| 18731 | 3450 | 1262 | pok | kiss, love | Pattani [Manchati] | 20 | 2.1.1 | Western Himalayish | 0 | Sharma, D.D. 82 TH | DS-Patt | 0 | ||
| 290923 | 3450 | 1586 | pipi· | breast | Tibetan (Balti) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Rangan 75 | RAN1975 | 47 | 0 | |
| 126990 | 3450,m | 1426 | po lenje | kiss | Spiti | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Bodh 91 | CB-SpitiQ | 3.9.5 | 0 | |
| 144038 | 3450 | 129 | Pip- | suck | v. | *Kiranti | 29 | 2.3 | Kiranti | 1 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 170 | 0 |
| 74906 | 3450 | 911 | piːtt- | suck | v. | Limbu | 31 | 2.3.1 | Eastern Kiranti | 1 | Michailovsky 89 Lm | BM-Lim | 0 | |
| 144037 | 3450 | 912 | piːtt- | suck | v. | Limbu | 31 | 2.3.1 | Eastern Kiranti | 1 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 170 | 0 |
| 132394 | 3450,s | 1644 | piːʔ◦maː | suck | Yakha | 31 | 2.3.1 | Eastern Kiranti | 1 | Kohn 90 | TK-Yakha | 5.4.5 | 0 | |
| 144035 | 3450 | 323 | phïpt- | suck | v. | Bantawa | 76 | 2.3.2 | Southern Kiranti | 1 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 170 | 2 |
| 144036 | 3450 | 324 | phïpʈ- | suck | v. | Bantawa | 76 | 2.3.2 | Southern Kiranti | 1 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 170 | 0 |
| 51040 | 3450 | 327 | phUp | suck / sip | Bantawa | 76 | 2.3.2 | Southern Kiranti | 1 | Rai 85 BnDs | NKR-Bant | 0 | ||
| 79554 | 3450 | 328 | phüpt- | suck / absorb | v.t. | Bantawa | 76 | 2.3.2 | Southern Kiranti | 1 | Rai 84 BnDc | WW-Bant | 60 | 0 |
| 79707 | 3450,s | 425 | pibd-(u) | suck | Chamling | 76 | 2.3.2 | Southern Kiranti | 1 | Winter 85 | WW-Cham | 28 | 0 | |
| 144033 | 3450,s | 424 | pibd-yu | suck | v. | Chamling | 76 | 2.3.2 | Southern Kiranti | 1 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 170 | 0 |
| 79708 | 3450,s | 425 | pips-(u) | suck | Chamling | 76 | 2.3.2 | Southern Kiranti | 1 | Winter 85 | WW-Cham | 28 | 0 | |
| 144034 | 3450,s | 424 | pips-yu | suck | v. | Chamling | 76 | 2.3.2 | Southern Kiranti | 1 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 170 | 0 |
| 144032 | 3450,s | 821 | phipp-u | suck | v. | Kulung | 76 | 2.3.2 | Southern Kiranti | 1 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 170 | 0 |
| 61509 | 3450,s | 822 | phipp-u | suck | v. | Kulung | 76 | 2.3.2 | Southern Kiranti | 1 | Rai 75 Kul | RPHH-Kul | 0 | |
| 144029 | 3450 | 544 | phip- | suck | v. | Dumi | 77 | 2.3.3 | Central Kiranti | 1 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 170 | 0 |
| 73357 | 3450,s | 547 | phip◦nɨ | suck, draw (through a straw) | Dumi | 77 | 2.3.3 | Central Kiranti | 1 | Driem 93 Dumi | SVD-Dum | 0 | ||
| 144031 | 3450 | 754 | √phəp- | suck | v. | Khaling | 77 | 2.3.3 | Central Kiranti | 1 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 170 | 0 |
| 144027 | 3450 | 307 | bip- | suck | v. | Bahing | 30 | 2.3.4 | Western Kiranti | 1 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 170 | 0 |
| 120962 | 3450 | 641 | pip | suck, nurse, smoke (tobacco) | vt, vr | Hayu | 30 | 2.3.4 | Western Kiranti | 1 | Michailovsky 89 H2 | BM-Hay | 84.15 | 0 |
| 144026 | 3450 | 643 | pip- | suck, to nurse, to smoke (t | v. | Hayu | 30 | 2.3.4 | Western Kiranti | 1 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 170 | 0 |
| 264561 | 3450,m,m,m | 1433 | 'pu:k◦pu 'pā-cā | kiss | v | Sunwar | 30 | 2.3.4 | Western Kiranti | 1 | Hale 73 CSD | AH-CSDPN | 10b1.51 | 0 |
| 50438 | 3450 | 1545 | phim- | suck | v. | Thulung | 30 | 2.3.4 | Western Kiranti | 1 | Allen 75 | NJA-Thulung | 0 | |
| 50437 | 3450 | 1545 | phip- | suck | v. | Thulung | 30 | 2.3.4 | Western Kiranti | 1 | Allen 75 | NJA-Thulung | 0 | |
| 144030 | 3450,3450 | 1542 | phip-/phim- | suck | v. | Thulung | 30 | 2.3.4 | Western Kiranti | 1 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 170 | 0 |
| 66894 | 3450,s | 766 | pi-nya | suck | v. | Kham | 28 | 2.4 | Kham-Magar-Chepang | 1 | Watters 89 KhQ | DNW-KhamQ | 6.B.2.2 | 0 |
| 13586 | 3450,m | 559 | bo pa | kiss | v. | Ergong (Daofu) | 35 | 3.3 | rGyalrongic | 1 | Dai 89 Daof | DQ-Daofu | 3.9.5 | 0 |
| 129580 | 3450,m | 558 | bo pa | kiss | v. | Ergong (Danba) | 35 | 3.3 | rGyalrongic | 1 | Sun H 91 ErDQ | SHK-ErgDQ | 3.9.5 | 0 |
| 128444 | m,3450 | 560 | pau⁵³ (pɔk⁵³) | kiss | v | Ergong (Northern) | 35 | 3.3 | rGyalrongic | 1 | Sun H 91 ErNQ | SHK-ErgNQ | 3.9.5 | 0 |
| 130408 | m,3450 | 617 | kəwu◦nəpok | kiss | v | rGyalrong (Northern) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Sun H 91 rNQ | SHK-rGNQ | 3.9.5 | 0 |
| 13989 | m,3450,m | 606 | po pok kapa | kiss | v. | rGyalrong | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Dai 89 Jiar | DQ-Jiarong | 3.9.5 | 0 |
| 130730 | 3450 | 618 | pox | kiss | v | rGyalrong (NW) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Sun H 91 rNW | SHK-rGNWQ | 3.9.5 | 0 |
| 130097 | m,3450 | 616 | po◦pot | kiss | v | rGyalrong (Eastern) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Sun H 91 rEQ | SHK-rGEQ | 3.9.5 | 0 |
| 15258 | 3450 | 1024 | pɔ̱³¹ | kiss | v. | Maru [Langsu] | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Dai 89 Lang | DQ-Langsu | 3.9.5 | 0 |
| 9535 | 3450 | 1148 | bo̱⁵⁵ | kiss | v. | Nasu | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 86 Yi | CK-YiQ | 3.9.5 | 0 |
| 284272 | 3450 | 1193 | bie¹³ | kiss | Noesu | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 86 Yi | CK-YiQ | 3.9.5 | 0 | |
| 283597 | 3450,5541 | 1194 | bu⁵⁵tɕɿ̄⁵⁵ | kiss | Nosu | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 86 Yi | CK-YiQ | 3.9.5 | 0 | |
| 459681 | 3450 | 1962 | bu⁵⁵ | kiss | Yi (Liangshan) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Ma 08 Yi | SIL-Nuosu | index | 0 | |
| 459685 | 3450,5541 | 1962 | bu⁵⁵ʨɿ⁵⁵ | kiss | Yi (Liangshan) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Ma 08 Yi | SIL-Nuosu | index | 0 | |
| 284059 | 3450 | 210 | bu̱²¹ | kiss | Ahi | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Chen 86 Yi | CK-YiQ | 3.9.5 | 0 | |
| 47372 | 3450 | 216 | bu̱²¹ | kiss | v. | Ahi | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Luo 90 | LMZ-AhiQ | 3.9.5 | 0 |
| 285661 | 3450 | 943 | baw⁶ | kiss | v. | Lisu (Central) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Fraser 22 | JF-HLL | 0 | |
| 272796 | 3450 | 946 | bɔʔ²¹ | kiss | N | Lisu (Northern) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 94 Lisu | DB-Lisu | 0 | |
| 272797 | 3450,m,m | 946 | bɔʔ²¹ læ²¹hɔ³³ | kiss | Lisu (Northern) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 94 Lisu | DB-Lisu | 0 | ||
| 517482 | 3450,3450 | 1999 | bu˧bu˧ | kiss (a child) | v. | Laze (Xiangjiao) | 43 | 6.2 | Naxi | 1 | Michaud 06 NaLaze | AM-NaLaze1 | 3507 | 0 |
| 512601 | 3450 | 1998 | bu˩ | kiss (a child) | v. | Na (Yongning) | 43 | 6.2 | Naxi | 1 | Michaud 06 NaLaze | AM-NaLaze1 | 0 |