STEDT Etymon #300

Especially in Himalayish and the NE Indian Areal Group, it is often difficult to distinguish *d(w)əy from its probable co-allofam #1181 PTB *d(i/u)l EGG / TESTICLE. Thus, Kulung wa‑di (“bird + egg”) looks like Tangsa (N.Naga) wu‑di, Karbi vo‑ti, etc., but other Kiranti languages (e.g. Limbu, Athpare) have reflexes with ‑n, apparently from *‑l. Kanauri, Lepcha, and Tibetan retain ‑l. For now, we are assigning all Himalayish reflexes of this word-family to *dil, though a better Proto-Himalayish reconstruction would be *di‑l. Similarly, some languages of the NE Indian Areal Group retain overt reflexes of *‑l, but many have forms with open syllables. Our assignment of some NE Indian forms to #300 PTB *d(w)əy EGG / TESTICLE rather than #1181 PTB *d(i/u)l EGG / TESTICLE remains arbitrary.

Benedict 1939:225 (“Semantic differentiation in Indo-Chinese”) analyzed compounds like Lushai (Mizo) ar‑tui ‘egg’ as “bird + water”. STC postulates a connection between *twəy ‘egg’ (STC #168) and a general root *ti(y) ‘water; moist’ (STC #55 and pp. 45, 135, 196). (This latter root should actually be set up as #298 PTB *m‑t(w)əy‑n ⪤ *m‑ti‑s WATER / FLUID / LIQUID / RIVER / SOAK / SPIT.¹ The proposed connection between EGG and WATER is complicated by the related forms for EGG with final *‑l. STC (n. 149) admits that Dhimal has different forms for EGG (tui) and WATER (tśi), and yet a third form in hna‑thi ‘snot’. Elsewhere in STC (p. 135, discussing the Karen cognates; and p. 196, in connection with the putative two-tone contrast for PTB), Benedict suggests that the etyma for EGG and WATER do indeed descend from separate allofams, different in both tone and initial at the PTB stage.

There is a further semantic connection between EGG and HEEL (both being smooth and rounded). Cf. Lushai (Mizo) ar‑tui ‘egg’ (perhaps “bird-water”, ke‑ar‑tui ‘heel’ (“foot-egg”, i.e. “foot-bird-water”). The syllable ‑ar‑ must be bleached of all avian meaning by the time it gets incorporated into HEEL. See Matisoff 1994 (“How ‘dull’ can you get?”), which also brings BUTTOCK into the same network of semantic associations as HEEL.

The putative semantic connection between BIRD and WATER is strengthened by compounds of BIRD with other roots for WATER, e.g. < #2080 PTB *r/s/g‑wa WATER / RAIN (Tangkhul tara ‘water’, har‑ra ‘egg’ (har ‘bird’), hai‑ra ‘semen’).² Less clear, but possibly a parallel formation is Muya vɑ³³ vɑ⁵⁵ ‘egg’ (vɑ³³ ‘bird’). Cf. also Maring wa‑yui ‘egg’, with the second element < #1013 PTB *rəy WATER / LIQUID / BODILY FLUID.

This root is widely distributed, appearing in the NE Indian Areal Group, Himalayish, Jingpho-Asakian, Karen, and Qiangic (including Tangut), and perhaps in a few Loloish forms (Xide, Nosu) where the initial is palatalized to an affricate.

Seven forms from four Luish [Asakian] languages (Sak Bawtala, Sak Dodem, Ganan, Kadu) cited in Luce 1985 (Chart L) have the confusing gloss ‘Penis/Testicles’. Since there are two phonologically similar etyma in this area, *ti EGG/TESTICLE and #641 PTB *ti‑k PENIS, these forms have presented serious problems of analysis, and have been reglossed to mean either ‘penis’ or ‘testicle’, but not both. See Etymon Note under #641 PTB *ti‑k, below.

See HPTB *twəy ⪤ *dwəy ‘water; egg’, p. 195.

rn	analysis	lgid	reflex	gloss	gfn	language	grpid	grpno	grp	genetic	citation	srcabbr	srcid	rn
143135	300	176	twiy	egg		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Michailovsky 91 Kr	BM-PK7	55	0
529240	300	2032	twəy	water / egg / spit		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Mortensen 12 Tk	DRM-Tk		0
493	m,300	1070	ci-ci	egg		Milang	74	1.1.1.2	Eastern Tani	1	Tayeng 76 Mil	AT-MPB		0
340475	p,300	1800	a:◦tei	egg		Darang [Taraon]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Anonymous xx Tar	NEFA-Taraon		0
115175	p,300	503	aː-tei	egg		Darang [Taraon]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
116627	5621,300	503	grõ-ti	heel		Darang [Taraon]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
340870	5621,300	1800	grõ-ti	heel		Darang [Taraon]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Anonymous xx Tar	NEFA-Taraon		0
39718	5621,300	505	gɹoŋ⁵³ ti⁵⁵	heel		Darang [Taraon]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Sun H 80 MLD	SLZO-MLD		0
340477	m,p,300	1800	klembab a:◦tei	egg of duck		Darang [Taraon]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Anonymous xx Tar	NEFA-Taraon		0
340476	m,p,300	1800	tyu a:◦tei	egg of hen		Darang [Taraon]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Anonymous xx Tar	NEFA-Taraon		0
500110	300	1920	ɗu(u)y ⪤ tu(u)y	EGG		*Chin	8	1.2	Kuki-Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	79	0
162674	p,300	1535	tə̆◦dui¹	testicles		Thanphum	8	1.2	Kuki-Chin	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	P.13	0
342816	m,300	1802	ah◦tui	egg (of animal)		Kuki-Chin	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	Haokip 98	Qbp-KC	10.4.16	0
441908	1600,300	1930	aak tui	egg (aak 'chicken')		Paite	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	79	0
441909	m,300	1927	āk tuī	egg		Sizang	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	79	0
441907	300	1926	túuy	egg		Thado	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	79	0
441906	300	1925	tui²	egg		Tiddim	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	79	0
161744	300	1591	tui¹	egg, tuber, testicles		Tiddim	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	G.80	0
315463	300	1778	tuːi²	egg		Tiddim	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	Bhaskararao 96 CDB	PB-CLDB	1845	0
328207	300	1794	ˋtuːi	egg	n	Tiddim	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	Henderson 65 TidC	EJAH-TC		0
115180	300	1593	ˋtuːi	egg		Tiddim	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
441911	300	1948	atoi	egg		Asho	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	79	0
449249	m,300	1957	ḁ◦tïⁱˀ	egg		Chinbon	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	So-Hartmann 88 Chin	HSH-SCL	47	0
441910	300,300	1928	am tui	egg		Cho (Mindat)	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	79	0
448198	300	1953	ˀtúⁱ	egg		Daai	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	So-Hartmann 88 Chin	HSH-SCL	47	0
441912	m,300	1929	ák◦dúuy	chicken's egg		Khumi	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	79	0
514545	300	1929	kduúy	egg		Khumi	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	79	0
449809	m,300	1959	kᵊ◦duⁱ	egg		Khumi	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	So-Hartmann 88 Chin	HSH-SCL	47	0
162677	1283,300	296	yɑ̃³dü²	testicles		Awa Khumi	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	P.13	0
441447	300	1932	kduy	testicles		Khumi (Bangladesh)	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	Peterson 2008	DAP-Chm		0
441448	1283,300	1932	yaang◦kduy	male genitals ("penis + testicles")		Khumi (Bangladesh)	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	Peterson 2008	DAP-Chm		0
449529	m,300	1958	aːⁱ◦duⁱ	egg		Matu	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	So-Hartmann 88 Chin	HSH-SCL	47	0
449015	m,300	1956	aːⁱ◦tuⁱ	egg		Mkaang	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	So-Hartmann 88 Chin	HSH-SCL	47	0
448747	m,300	1955	am◦tuⁱʔ	egg		Ngmüün	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	So-Hartmann 88 Chin	HSH-SCL	47	0
448486	m,300	1954	aŋ◦tui	egg		Nyhmoye	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	So-Hartmann 88 Chin	HSH-SCL	47	0
450089	m,300	1960	a◦dý	egg		Wakung	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	So-Hartmann 88 Chin	HSH-SCL	47	0
162676	1283,300	1633	yak¹tui⁴	testicles		Womatu	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	P.13	0
441903	300	1947	tîi	egg		Lai (Hakha)	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	79	0
441904	300	1923	tǐi	egg		Lai (Falam)	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	79	0
161745	300	453	ti⁵	egg, tuber, testicles		Lai (Hakha)	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	G.80	0
171946	1600,300	976	ar◦tui	egg		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
116629	338,1600,300	978	ke-ar-tui	heel ("foot-chicken-egg")		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
303490	338,1600,300	985	ke-ar-tui	heel ("foot-chicken-egg")		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	45n149	0
172060	338,1600,300	976	ke-ar◦tui	heel ("foot-chicken-egg")		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
314190	338,1600,300	1779	ke-aːr-tui	heel		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Bhaskararao 96 CDB	PB-CLDB	760	0
115179	300	978	tui	egg		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
441905	300	1924	túi	egg, spawn		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	79	0
315462	300	1779	tui	egg		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Bhaskararao 96 CDB	PB-CLDB	1845	0
162672	p,300	862	aˊti¹-	testicles		Lailenpi	71	1.2.3	Maraic	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	P.13	0
441902	300	1921	tì	egg	n	Lakher [Mara]	71	1.2.3	Maraic	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	79	0
118997	300,m	871	ti-pao	elephantiasis of testicles		Lakher [Mara]	71	1.2.3	Maraic	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
118998	300,2315	871	ti-tla	bereft of testicles		Lakher [Mara]	71	1.2.3	Maraic	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
162521	300	1700	tjui⁴	testicles		Zotung	71	1.2.3	Maraic	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	P.13	0
131795	m,300	805	ər◦tui	egg (of animal)		Kom Rem	72	1.2.4	“Old Kuki”	0	Toba 91 KRQ	T-KomRQ	10.4.16	0
441379	1654,300	1112	bʌ◦thí	testicle		Moyon	72	1.2.4	“Old Kuki”	0	Kosha 90	DK-Moyon	10.3.5	0
523819	m,300	2033	ar-tɯ	egg		Sorbung	72	1.2.4	“Old Kuki”	0	Brown 37 Indo	BRO1837		0
171941	1603,300	1640	u◦tü	egg		Yacham-Tengsa	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
171934	m,300	1301	maka◦tui	egg		Puiron	64	1.3.3	Zeme Group	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
234558	p,300	1348	kə◦dui	egg		Rongmei / Nruanghmei	64	1.3.3	Zeme Group	1	Matisoff 94 Rong	JAM-Rong		0
523818	m,m,300	2036	ma-ka-tui	egg		Rongmei / Nruanghmei	64	1.3.3	Zeme Group	1	Brown 37 Indo	BRO1837		0
171931	1606,300	1347	roi◦dui	egg		Rongmei / Nruanghmei	64	1.3.3	Zeme Group	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
528836	300	2031	dɨ	egg		*Tangkhulic	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Mortensen 12 Tk	DRM-Tk	393	0
526376	m,300	2029	ŋo-ri	egg		Champhung	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Brown 37 Indo	BRO1837		0
525212	m,m,300	2023	ʔa-ho-pʰə-ruk	egg		Huishu	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Mortensen 12 Tk	DRM-Tk	Animals.122	0
524940	m,300	2022	har-ði	egg (of animal)		Kachai	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Mortensen 12 Tk	DRM-Tk	BodyParts.309	0
526192	m,300	2026	a-tɯ	egg		Tankghul (Central)	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Brown 37 Indo	BRO1837		0
526254	m,300	2027	ha-cɯ	egg		Tangkhul (Northern)	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Brown 37 Indo	BRO1837		0
526315	m,300	2028	ha-rɯ	egg		Tangkhul (Standard)	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Brown 37 Indo	BRO1837		0
620801	m,300	2024	uə-tsy	egg		Tusom	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Mortensen 12 Tk	DRM-Tk	BodyParts.321	0
526632	m,300	2025	hɐr-ru	egg		Ukhrul	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Mortensen 12 Tk	DRM-Tk		0
47096	338,300	1063	kèng-tì	heel		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Grüssner 79 BP	KHG-MikirQ	42	0
172062	338,300	1062	keng◦ti	heel		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
116631	338,300	1064	keng◦ti	heel ("foot-egg")		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
303491	338,300	1068	keŋ-ti	heel		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	45n149	0
115182	300	1064	ti	egg		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
47236	300	1063	tì	egg (of animal)		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Grüssner 79 BP	KHG-MikirQ	88	0
47220	300	1063	tì	testicle		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Grüssner 79 BP	KHG-MikirQ	88	0
171948	1603,300	1062	vo◦ti	egg		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
47237	1603,p,300	1063	wō a-tì	egg (of animal)		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Grüssner 79 BP	KHG-MikirQ	217	0
168038	1603,300	1063	wò-tī	egg (of animal)		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Grüssner 79 BP	KHG-MikirQ	glossary p	0
533250	1604,300	2064	dauʔ-dəi	egg		*Bodo-Garo	16	1.7.1	Bodo-Garo	1	Burling 59 PBo	RB-PB	441	0
115176	m,300	352	bi-dəy	egg		Bodo	80	1.7.1.1	Bodo	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
321370	m,300	350	bi◦dəy	egg		Bodo	80	1.7.1.1	Bodo	1	Bhat 68 Boro	Bhat-Boro		0
115188	1604,300	710	dauʔ-dəi	egg		Bodo	80	1.7.1.1	Bodo	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
319917	m,300	350	daw◦də́y	egg		Bodo	80	1.7.1.1	Bodo	1	Bhat 68 Boro	Bhat-Boro		0
320011	m,300	350	daw◦də́y	egg (hen's)		Bodo	80	1.7.1.1	Bodo	1	Bhat 68 Boro	Bhat-Boro		0
171944	1604,300	531	dao◦di	egg		Dimasa	80	1.7.1.1	Bodo	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
55891	m,300	803	bə-təy	egg		Kokborok	80	1.7.1.1	Bodo	1	Tripuri 88	PT-Kok		0
56133	1604,300	803	tauʔ-təy	egg		Kokborok	80	1.7.1.1	Bodo	1	Tripuri 88	PT-Kok		0
47762	1604,300	880	tu◦di	egg		Lalung [Tiwa]	80	1.7.1.1	Bodo	1	Balawan 65	MB-Lal	78	0
115177	1604,300	571	doʔ-ci	egg		Garo	81	1.7.1.2	Garo	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
7256	1604,300	568	doʔ◦ci	egg		Garo	81	1.7.1.2	Garo	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	1190	0
78732	1603,300	161	(C-)\|wa(w) təy	egg		*Northern Naga	12	1.7.2	Northern Naga/Konyakian	1	French 83	WTF-PNN		0
77934	p,300	1192	(a)◦ti	egg		Nocte	84	1.7.2.1	Tangsa-Nocte	1	French 83	WTF-PNN	481	0
171930	p,300	1188	a◦ti	egg		Nocte	84	1.7.2.1	Tangsa-Nocte	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
7255	p,300	1187	¹ʌ²ti	its egg		Nocte	84	1.7.2.1	Tangsa-Nocte	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	1190	0
6749	p,300	1187	¹ʌ²ti	egg		Nocte	84	1.7.2.1	Tangsa-Nocte	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	896	0
6750	1603,300	1488	¹vu¹t̪ʌi	egg		Tangsa	84	1.7.2.1	Tangsa-Nocte	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	896	0
77933	1603,300	1107	wu di	egg		Tangsa (Moshang)	84	1.7.2.1	Tangsa-Nocte	1	French 83	WTF-PNN	481	0
303495	1603,300	1106	wu-di	egg		Tangsa (Moshang)	84	1.7.2.1	Tangsa-Nocte	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	45n149	0
171939	1603,300	1489	wu◦di	egg		Tangsa (Moshang)	84	1.7.2.1	Tangsa-Nocte	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
77937	1603,300	435	au tei	egg ("bird-egg")		Chang	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	French 83	WTF-PNN	481	0
171922	1603,300	429	au◦tei	egg ("bird-egg")		Chang	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
6751	1603,300	810	ʌu◦ji	egg		Konyak (Tamlu)	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	896	0
77777	p,300	1283	a ti	egg		Phom	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	French 83	WTF-PNN	459	0
171933	p,300	1281	a◦ti	egg		Phom	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
171940	1603,300	1628	ao◦ti	egg		Wancho	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
115187	1604,300	1629	tau-ci	egg		Wancho	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
77935	1603,300	1632	ɔ ti	egg		Wancho	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	French 83	WTF-PNN	481	0
115145	300	671	di	egg		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
303494	300	685	di	egg		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	45n149	0
118955	545,300	671	ne-di	testicle		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
144756	545,300	668	ne³¹ti³¹	scrotum	n.	Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Dai 83 Jing	DQ-Jingpho		0
171945	300	669	ti	egg		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
41153	300	679	ti³¹	egg		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Liu 84	JZ-Jingpo		0
368063	300	1814	ti³¹	egg	n	Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0450.19	0
188652	300	690	ti³¹	egg		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	170.47	0
6752	1603,300	667	¹u¹di	egg		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	896	0
164287	3426,300	566	kăpɔ³◦ti¹	testicles		Ganan	40	1.7.3.2	Asakian	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	L.149	0
161748	300	566	ti¹	egg, tuber, testicles		Ganan	40	1.7.3.2	Asakian	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	G.80	0
164288	3426,300	720	kăpɔt³◦ti¹	testicles		Kadu (Kantu)	40	1.7.3.2	Asakian	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	L.149	0
161747	300	716	ti¹	egg, tuber, testicles		Kadu	40	1.7.3.2	Asakian	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	G.80	0
115189	1603,300	717	u-di	egg		Kadu	40	1.7.3.2	Asakian	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
161746	p,300	1354	ă¹tji⁴	egg, tuber, testicles		Sak (Bawtala)	40	1.7.3.2	Asakian	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	G.80	0
164286	p,1601,300	1354	ă◦tji²◦tu⁴	testicles		Sak (Bawtala)	40	1.7.3.2	Asakian	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	L.149	0
115185	1603,300	1352	wa-tí	egg		Sak	40	1.7.3.2	Asakian	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
132243	1284,300	1493	l◦dai¹	testicle		Tangut [Xixia]	33	3.1	Tangut	1	Sofronov 97	MVS-Grin		3
220074	300	1320	zdi	hatch		Qiang (Mawo)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	786.8	0
283748	300	1194	tɕhi²¹	egg		Nosu	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Chen 86 Yi	CK-YiQ	10.4.16	0
368079	300	1832	tɕhi²¹	egg	n	Yi (Xide)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0450.35	0
188639	300	1670	tɕhi²¹	egg		Yi (Xide)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	170.21	0
9963	300	1667	tɕʰi²¹	egg		Yi (Xide)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Chen 79 YiCh	CSL-YIzd		0
43907	300	1669	tɕʰi²¹	egg		Yi (Xide)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Chen 85 YiJZ	JZ-Yi		0
9964	300,m	1667	tɕʰi²¹-tɕʰu³³	egg white		Yi (Xide)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Chen 79 YiCh	CSL-YIzd		0
57893	300	122	díq	egg		*Karen	50	7	Karenic	1	Jones 61	RBJ-KLS	81	0
56978	300	124	dìq	egg		*Karen (Pwo-Sgaw)	50	7	Karenic	1	Jones 61	RBJ-KLS	81	0
56975	300	123	díq	egg		*Karen (Pwo)	50	7	Karenic	1	Jones 61	RBJ-KLS	81	0
56973	300	126	díq	egg		*Karen (TP)	50	7	Karenic	1	Jones 61	RBJ-KLS	81	0
529684	300	2039	di²	egg		*Karen [Burling]	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	99	0
56980	300	125	díʔ	egg		*Karen (Sgaw)	50	7	Karenic	1	Jones 61	RBJ-KLS	81	0
529379	300	2038	Ɂdejᴮ	egg		*Karen	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	99	4
304459	300	1736	ʔdi	egg		*Karen	50	7	Karenic	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	135n367	0
531020	300	2044	-ɗi³³	egg		Bwe	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	99	0
6745	m,300	412	dɛ̀-ʔdì	egg		Bwe	50	7	Karenic	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	896	0
166527	300	413	đi	egg; testicle	n	Bwe	50	7	Karenic	1	Henderson 97 Kar	EJAH-BKD		0
166528	300	413	đi	lay an egg	v.	Bwe	50	7	Karenic	1	Henderson 97 Kar	EJAH-BKD		0
161576	300	415	đi²	egg, tuber, testicles		Bwe (Western)	50	7	Karenic	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	G.80	0
161577	300	588	di²	egg, tuber, testicles		Geba	50	7	Karenic	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	G.80	0
368094	300	1849	di̱³¹	egg	n	Karen	50	7	Karenic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0450.50	0
351049	300,m	1849	di̱³¹khli̱⁵⁵	testicle	n	Karen	50	7	Karenic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0117.50	0
530740	300	2043	də¹¹	egg		Kayah	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	99	0
530440	300	2042	tɨ¹¹	egg		Kayan	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	99	0
531286	300	2045	di¹¹	egg		Kayaw	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	99	0
6746	300	1234	dí	egg		Pa-O	50	7	Karenic	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	896	0
308048	300	1235	dí	egg; lay eggs		Pa-O	50	7	Karenic	1	Solnit 89 PaO	DBS-PaO		0
56974	300	1242	dí	egg		Pa-O	50	7	Karenic	1	Jones 61	RBJ-KLS	81	0
309385	300,m	1235	dí khū	testicle		Pa-O	50	7	Karenic	1	Solnit 89 PaO	DBS-PaO		0
307239	300,m	1235	dí póŋ	testicle (3)		Pa-O	50	7	Karenic	1	Solnit 89 PaO	DBS-PaO		0
530164	300	2041	di³³	egg		Pa-O (Southern)	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	99	0
161578	300	1233	di¹	egg, tuber, testicles		Pa-O (Northern)	50	7	Karenic	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	G.80	0
529893	300	2040	di⁵⁵	egg		Pa-O (Northern)	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	99	0
161575	300	1254	đi³	egg, tuber, testicles		Paku	50	7	Karenic	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	G.80	0
56979	300	1259	dìq	egg		Palaychi	50	7	Karenic	1	Jones 61	RBJ-KLS	81	0
532208	300	2048	dei³³	egg		Pwo (Northern)	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	99	0
532493	300	2049	dei⁵⁵	egg		Pwo (Southern)	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	99	0
161572	3439,300	1280	sʻə̆⁴◦đi¹	egg, tuber, testicles		Pwo (Tenasserim)	50	7	Karenic	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	G.80	0
161573	3439,300	1273	sʻə̆◦đi⁴	egg, tuber, testicles		Pwo (Delta)	50	7	Karenic	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	G.80	0
6748	300	1268	dì	egg		Pwo (Bassein)	50	7	Karenic	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	896	0
56977	300	1272	díʔ	egg		Pwo (Bassein)	50	7	Karenic	1	Jones 61	RBJ-KLS	81	0
56976	300	1279	díq	egg		Pwo (Moulmein)	50	7	Karenic	1	Jones 61	RBJ-KLS	81	0
6747	300	1274	díʔ	egg		Pwo (Moulmein)	50	7	Karenic	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	896	0
531601	300	2046	di³¹˜	egg		Sgaw (Northern)	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	99	0
531911	300	2047	di⁴⁵’	egg		Sgaw (Southern)	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	99	0
6744	300	1388	²ʔdi	egg		Sgaw	50	7	Karenic	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	896	0
161574	300	1389	đi⁴	egg, tuber, testicles		Sgaw	50	7	Karenic	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	G.80	0
56982	300	1394	dì	egg		Sgaw (Bassein)	50	7	Karenic	1	Jones 61	RBJ-KLS	81	0
15015	p,300	746	a³¹ di̱³¹	egg		Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)	50	7	Karenic	1	Dai 89 KarB	DQ-KarenB	573.1	0
15014	300	746	di̱³¹	egg		Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)	50	7	Karenic	1	Dai 89 KarB	DQ-KarenB	573	0
14930	300,1654	746	di̱³¹ bo̱³³	testicles		Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)	50	7	Karenic	1	Dai 89 KarB	DQ-KarenB	145.1	0
14929	300,m	746	di̱³¹ kʰli⁵⁵	testicles		Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)	50	7	Karenic	1	Dai 89 KarB	DQ-KarenB	145	0
15121	m,m,300	746	di̱⁵⁵ glo³¹ di̱³¹	castrate		Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)	50	7	Karenic	1	Dai 89 KarB	DQ-KarenB	2303.1	5
15147	m,300,m	746	tsʰɔ⁵⁵ di̱³¹ lɔ³³	lay egg		Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)	50	7	Karenic	1	Dai 89 KarB	DQ-KarenB	2468.1	0
15066	1233,300	746	xɯ̱⁵⁵ di̱³¹	incubate		Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)	50	7	Karenic	1	Dai 89 KarB	DQ-KarenB	1899.1	0
56981	300	1399	díʔ	egg		Sgaw (Moulmein)	50	7	Karenic	1	Jones 61	RBJ-KLS	81	0
14863	300	747	di̱³¹	lay egg		Karen (Sgaw/Yue)	50	7	Karenic	1	Dai 89 KarA	DQ-KarenA	2468	0
14768	300	747	di̱³¹	egg		Karen (Sgaw/Yue)	50	7	Karenic	1	Dai 89 KarA	DQ-KarenA	604	0
169478	300	481	dʼi̯ər/d̑ʼi\|	egg (of an ant)		Chinese (Old/Mid)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Karlgren 57 GSR	GSR	590m	0
169974	300	1007	chʼï	egg (of an ant)		Chinese (Mandarin)	55	9.0.3	Modern Chinese	0	Karlgren 57 GSR	GSR	590m	0

analysis

lgid

reflex

gloss

gfn

language

grpid

grpno

grp

genetic

citation

srcabbr

srcid

143135

300

176

twiy

egg

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Michailovsky 91 Kr

BM-PK7

529240

300

2032

twəy

water / egg / spit

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Mortensen 12 Tk

DRM-Tk

493

m,300

1070

ci-ci

egg

Milang

1.1.1.2

Eastern Tani

Tayeng 76 Mil

AT-MPB

340475

p,300

1800

a:◦tei

egg

Darang [Taraon]

1.1.2

Deng

Anonymous xx Tar

NEFA-Taraon

115175

p,300

503

aː-tei

egg

Darang [Taraon]

1.1.2

Deng

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

116627

5621,300

503

grõ-ti

heel

Darang [Taraon]

1.1.2

Deng

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

340870

5621,300

1800

grõ-ti

heel

Darang [Taraon]

1.1.2

Deng

Anonymous xx Tar

NEFA-Taraon

39718

5621,300

505

gɹoŋ⁵³ ti⁵⁵

heel

Darang [Taraon]

1.1.2

Deng

Sun H 80 MLD

SLZO-MLD

340477

m,p,300

1800

klembab a:◦tei

egg of duck

Darang [Taraon]

1.1.2

Deng

Anonymous xx Tar

NEFA-Taraon

340476

m,p,300

1800

tyu a:◦tei

egg of hen

Darang [Taraon]

1.1.2

Deng

Anonymous xx Tar

NEFA-Taraon

500110

300

1920

ɗu(u)y ⪤ tu(u)y

EGG

*Chin

1.2

Kuki-Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

162674

p,300

1535

tə̆◦dui¹

testicles

Thanphum

1.2

Kuki-Chin

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

P.13

342816

m,300

1802

ah◦tui

egg (of animal)

Kuki-Chin

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

Haokip 98

Qbp-KC

10.4.16

441908

1600,300

1930

aak tui

egg (aak 'chicken')

Paite

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

441909

m,300

1927

āk tuī

egg

Sizang

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

441907

300

1926

túuy

egg

Thado

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

441906

300

1925

tui²

egg

Tiddim

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

161744

300

1591

tui¹

egg, tuber, testicles

Tiddim

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

G.80

315463

300

1778

tuːi²

egg

Tiddim

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

Bhaskararao 96 CDB

PB-CLDB

1845

328207

300

1794

ˋtuːi

egg

Tiddim

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

Henderson 65 TidC

EJAH-TC

115180

300

1593

ˋtuːi

egg

Tiddim

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

441911

300

1948

atoi

egg

Asho

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

449249

m,300

1957

ḁ◦tïⁱˀ

egg

Chinbon

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

So-Hartmann 88 Chin

HSH-SCL

441910

300,300

1928

am tui

egg

Cho (Mindat)

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

448198

300

1953

ˀtúⁱ

egg

Daai

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

So-Hartmann 88 Chin

HSH-SCL

441912

m,300

1929

ák◦dúuy

chicken's egg

Khumi

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

514545

300

1929

kduúy

egg

Khumi

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

449809

m,300

1959

kᵊ◦duⁱ

egg

Khumi

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

So-Hartmann 88 Chin

HSH-SCL

162677

1283,300

296

yɑ̃³dü²

testicles

Awa Khumi

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

P.13

441447

300

1932

kduy

testicles

Khumi (Bangladesh)

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

Peterson 2008

DAP-Chm

441448

1283,300

1932

yaang◦kduy

male genitals ("penis + testicles")

Khumi (Bangladesh)

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

Peterson 2008

DAP-Chm

449529

m,300

1958

aːⁱ◦duⁱ

egg

Matu

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

So-Hartmann 88 Chin

HSH-SCL

449015

m,300

1956

aːⁱ◦tuⁱ

egg

Mkaang

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

So-Hartmann 88 Chin

HSH-SCL

448747

m,300

1955

am◦tuⁱʔ

egg

Ngmüün

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

So-Hartmann 88 Chin

HSH-SCL

448486

m,300

1954

aŋ◦tui

egg

Nyhmoye

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

So-Hartmann 88 Chin

HSH-SCL

450089

m,300

1960

a◦dý

egg

Wakung

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

So-Hartmann 88 Chin

HSH-SCL

162676

1283,300

1633

yak¹tui⁴

testicles

Womatu

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

P.13

441903

300

1947

tîi

egg

Lai (Hakha)

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

441904

300

1923

tǐi

egg

Lai (Falam)

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

161745

300

453

ti⁵

egg, tuber, testicles

Lai (Hakha)

1.2.2

Central Chin

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

G.80

171946

1600,300

976

ar◦tui

egg

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

116629

338,1600,300

978

ke-ar-tui

heel ("foot-chicken-egg")

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

303490

338,1600,300

985

ke-ar-tui

heel ("foot-chicken-egg")

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Benedict 72 STC

STC

45n149

172060

338,1600,300

976

ke-ar◦tui

heel ("foot-chicken-egg")

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

314190

338,1600,300

1779

ke-aːr-tui

heel

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Bhaskararao 96 CDB

PB-CLDB

760

115179

300

978

tui

egg

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

441905

300

1924

túi

egg, spawn

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

315462

300

1779

tui

egg

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Bhaskararao 96 CDB

PB-CLDB

1845

162672

p,300

862

aˊti¹-

testicles

Lailenpi

1.2.3

Maraic

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

P.13

441902

300

1921

tì

egg

Lakher [Mara]

1.2.3

Maraic

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

118997

300,m

871

ti-pao

elephantiasis of testicles

Lakher [Mara]

1.2.3

Maraic

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

118998

300,2315

871

ti-tla

bereft of testicles

Lakher [Mara]

1.2.3

Maraic

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

162521

300

1700

tjui⁴

testicles

Zotung

1.2.3

Maraic

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

P.13

131795

m,300

805

ər◦tui

egg (of animal)

Kom Rem

1.2.4

“Old Kuki”

Toba 91 KRQ

T-KomRQ

10.4.16

441379

1654,300

1112

bʌ◦thí

testicle

Moyon

1.2.4

“Old Kuki”

Kosha 90

DK-Moyon

10.3.5

523819

m,300

2033

ar-tɯ

egg

Sorbung

1.2.4

“Old Kuki”

Brown 37 Indo

BRO1837

171941

1603,300

1640

u◦tü

egg

Yacham-Tengsa

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

171934

m,300

1301

maka◦tui

egg

Puiron

1.3.3

Zeme Group

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

234558

p,300

1348

kə◦dui

egg

Rongmei / Nruanghmei

1.3.3

Zeme Group

Matisoff 94 Rong

JAM-Rong

523818

m,m,300

2036

ma-ka-tui

egg

Rongmei / Nruanghmei

1.3.3

Zeme Group

Brown 37 Indo

BRO1837

171931

1606,300

1347

roi◦dui

egg

Rongmei / Nruanghmei

1.3.3

Zeme Group

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

528836

300

2031

dɨ

egg

*Tangkhulic

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Mortensen 12 Tk

DRM-Tk

393

526376

m,300

2029

ŋo-ri

egg

Champhung

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Brown 37 Indo

BRO1837

525212

m,m,300

2023

ʔa-ho-pʰə-ruk

egg

Huishu

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Mortensen 12 Tk

DRM-Tk

Animals.122

524940

m,300

2022

har-ði

egg (of animal)

Kachai

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Mortensen 12 Tk

DRM-Tk

BodyParts.309

526192

m,300

2026

a-tɯ

egg

Tankghul (Central)

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Brown 37 Indo

BRO1837

526254

m,300

2027

ha-cɯ

egg

Tangkhul (Northern)

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Brown 37 Indo

BRO1837

526315

m,300

2028

ha-rɯ

egg

Tangkhul (Standard)

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Brown 37 Indo

BRO1837

620801

m,300

2024

uə-tsy

egg

Tusom

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Mortensen 12 Tk

DRM-Tk

BodyParts.321

526632

m,300

2025

hɐr-ru

egg

Ukhrul

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Mortensen 12 Tk

DRM-Tk

47096

338,300

1063

kèng-tì

heel

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Grüssner 79 BP

KHG-MikirQ

172062

338,300

1062

keng◦ti

heel

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

116631

338,300

1064

keng◦ti

heel ("foot-egg")

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

303491

338,300

1068

keŋ-ti

heel

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Benedict 72 STC

STC

45n149

115182

300

1064

egg

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

47236

300

1063

tì

egg (of animal)

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Grüssner 79 BP

KHG-MikirQ

47220

300

1063

tì

testicle

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Grüssner 79 BP

KHG-MikirQ

171948

1603,300

1062

vo◦ti

egg

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

47237

1603,p,300

1063

wō a-tì

egg (of animal)

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Grüssner 79 BP

KHG-MikirQ

217

168038

1603,300

1063

wò-tī

egg (of animal)

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Grüssner 79 BP

KHG-MikirQ

glossary p

533250

1604,300

2064

dauʔ-dəi

egg

*Bodo-Garo

1.7.1

Bodo-Garo

Burling 59 PBo

RB-PB

441

115176

m,300

352

bi-dəy

egg

Bodo

1.7.1.1

Bodo

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

321370

m,300

350

bi◦dəy

egg

Bodo

1.7.1.1

Bodo

Bhat 68 Boro

Bhat-Boro

115188

1604,300

710

dauʔ-dəi

egg

Bodo

1.7.1.1

Bodo

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

319917

m,300

350

daw◦də́y

egg

Bodo

1.7.1.1

Bodo

Bhat 68 Boro

Bhat-Boro

320011

m,300

350

daw◦də́y

egg (hen's)

Bodo

1.7.1.1

Bodo

Bhat 68 Boro

Bhat-Boro

171944

1604,300

531

dao◦di

egg

Dimasa

1.7.1.1

Bodo

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

55891

m,300

803

bə-təy

egg

Kokborok

1.7.1.1

Bodo

Tripuri 88

PT-Kok

56133

1604,300

803

tauʔ-təy

egg

Kokborok

1.7.1.1

Bodo

Tripuri 88

PT-Kok

47762

1604,300

880

tu◦di

egg

Lalung [Tiwa]

1.7.1.1

Bodo

Balawan 65

MB-Lal

115177

1604,300

571

doʔ-ci

egg

Garo

1.7.1.2

Garo

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

7256

1604,300

568

doʔ◦ci

egg

Garo

1.7.1.2

Garo

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

1190

78732

1603,300

161

(C-)|wa(w) təy

egg

*Northern Naga

1.7.2

Northern Naga/Konyakian

French 83

WTF-PNN

77934

p,300

1192

(a)◦ti

egg

Nocte

1.7.2.1

Tangsa-Nocte

French 83

WTF-PNN

481

171930

p,300

1188

a◦ti

egg

Nocte

1.7.2.1

Tangsa-Nocte

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

7255

p,300

1187

¹ʌ²ti

its egg

Nocte

1.7.2.1

Tangsa-Nocte

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

1190

6749

p,300

1187

¹ʌ²ti

egg

Nocte

1.7.2.1

Tangsa-Nocte

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

896

6750

1603,300

1488

¹vu¹t̪ʌi

egg

Tangsa

1.7.2.1

Tangsa-Nocte

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

896

77933

1603,300

1107

wu di

egg

Tangsa (Moshang)

1.7.2.1

Tangsa-Nocte

French 83

WTF-PNN

481

303495

1603,300

1106

wu-di

egg

Tangsa (Moshang)

1.7.2.1

Tangsa-Nocte

Benedict 72 STC

STC

45n149

171939

1603,300

1489

wu◦di

egg

Tangsa (Moshang)

1.7.2.1

Tangsa-Nocte

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

77937

1603,300

435

au tei

egg ("bird-egg")

Chang

1.7.2.2

Konyak-Chang

French 83

WTF-PNN

481

171922

1603,300

429

au◦tei

egg ("bird-egg")

Chang

1.7.2.2

Konyak-Chang

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

6751

1603,300

810

ʌu◦ji

egg

Konyak (Tamlu)

1.7.2.2

Konyak-Chang

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

896

77777

p,300

1283

a ti

egg

Phom

1.7.2.2

Konyak-Chang

French 83

WTF-PNN

459

171933

p,300

1281

a◦ti

egg

Phom

1.7.2.2

Konyak-Chang

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

171940

1603,300

1628

ao◦ti

egg

Wancho

1.7.2.2

Konyak-Chang

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

115187

1604,300

1629

tau-ci

egg

Wancho

1.7.2.2

Konyak-Chang

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

77935

1603,300

1632

ɔ ti

egg

Wancho

1.7.2.2

Konyak-Chang

French 83

WTF-PNN

481

115145

300

671

egg

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

303494

300

685

egg

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Benedict 72 STC

STC

45n149

118955

545,300

671

ne-di

testicle

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

144756

545,300

668

ne³¹ti³¹

scrotum

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Dai 83 Jing

DQ-Jingpho

171945

300

669

egg

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

41153

300

679

ti³¹

egg

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Liu 84

JZ-Jingpo

368063

300

1814

ti³¹

egg

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0450.19

188652

300

690

ti³¹

egg

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

170.47

6752

1603,300

667

¹u¹di

egg

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

896

164287

3426,300

566

kăpɔ³◦ti¹

testicles

Ganan

1.7.3.2

Asakian

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

L.149

161748

300

566

ti¹

egg, tuber, testicles

Ganan

1.7.3.2

Asakian

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

G.80

164288

3426,300

720

kăpɔt³◦ti¹

testicles

Kadu (Kantu)

1.7.3.2

Asakian

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

L.149

161747

300

716

ti¹

egg, tuber, testicles

Kadu

1.7.3.2

Asakian

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

G.80

115189

1603,300

717

u-di

egg

Kadu

1.7.3.2

Asakian

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

161746

p,300

1354

ă¹tji⁴

egg, tuber, testicles

Sak (Bawtala)

1.7.3.2

Asakian

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

G.80

164286

p,1601,300

1354

ă◦tji²◦tu⁴

testicles

Sak (Bawtala)

1.7.3.2

Asakian

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

L.149

115185

1603,300

1352

wa-tí

egg

Sak

1.7.3.2

Asakian

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

132243

1284,300

1493

l◦dai¹

testicle

Tangut [Xixia]

3.1

Tangut

Sofronov 97

MVS-Grin

220074

300

1320

zdi

hatch

Qiang (Mawo)

3.2

Qiangic

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

786.8

283748

300

1194

tɕhi²¹

egg

Nosu

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Chen 86 Yi

CK-YiQ

10.4.16

368079

300

1832

tɕhi²¹

egg

Yi (Xide)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0450.35

188639

300

1670

tɕhi²¹

egg

Yi (Xide)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

170.21

9963

300

1667

tɕʰi²¹

egg

Yi (Xide)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Chen 79 YiCh

CSL-YIzd

43907

300

1669

tɕʰi²¹

egg

Yi (Xide)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Chen 85 YiJZ

JZ-Yi

9964

300,m

1667

tɕʰi²¹-tɕʰu³³

egg white

Yi (Xide)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Chen 79 YiCh

CSL-YIzd

57893

300

122

díq

egg

*Karen

Karenic

Jones 61

RBJ-KLS

56978

300

124

dìq

egg

*Karen (Pwo-Sgaw)

Karenic

Jones 61

RBJ-KLS

56975

300

123

díq

egg

*Karen (Pwo)

Karenic

Jones 61

RBJ-KLS

56973

300

126

díq

egg

*Karen (TP)

Karenic

Jones 61

RBJ-KLS

529684

300

2039

di²

egg

*Karen [Burling]

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

56980

300

125

díʔ

egg

*Karen (Sgaw)

Karenic

Jones 61

RBJ-KLS

529379

300

2038

Ɂdejᴮ

egg

*Karen

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

304459

300

1736

ʔdi

egg

*Karen

Karenic

Benedict 72 STC

STC

135n367

531020

300

2044

-ɗi³³

egg

Bwe

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

6745

m,300

412

dɛ̀-ʔdì

egg

Bwe

Karenic

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

896

166527

300

413

đi

egg; testicle

Bwe

Karenic

Henderson 97 Kar

EJAH-BKD

166528

300

413

đi

lay an egg

Bwe

Karenic

Henderson 97 Kar

EJAH-BKD

161576

300

415

đi²

egg, tuber, testicles

Bwe (Western)

Karenic

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

G.80

161577

300

588

di²

egg, tuber, testicles

Geba

Karenic

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

G.80

368094

300

1849

di̱³¹

egg

Karen

Karenic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0450.50

351049

300,m

1849

di̱³¹khli̱⁵⁵

testicle

Karen

Karenic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0117.50

530740

300

2043

də¹¹

egg

Kayah

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

530440

300

2042

tɨ¹¹

egg

Kayan

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

531286

300

2045

di¹¹

egg

Kayaw

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

6746

300

1234

dí

egg

Pa-O

Karenic

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

896

308048

300

1235

dí

egg; lay eggs

Pa-O

Karenic

Solnit 89 PaO

DBS-PaO

56974

300

1242

dí

egg

Pa-O

Karenic

Jones 61

RBJ-KLS

309385

300,m

1235

dí khū

testicle

Pa-O

Karenic

Solnit 89 PaO

DBS-PaO

307239

300,m

1235

dí póŋ

testicle (3)

Pa-O

Karenic

Solnit 89 PaO

DBS-PaO

530164

300

2041

di³³

egg

Pa-O (Southern)

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

161578

300

1233

di¹

egg, tuber, testicles

Pa-O (Northern)

Karenic

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

G.80

529893

300

2040

di⁵⁵

egg

Pa-O (Northern)

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

161575

300

1254

đi³

egg, tuber, testicles

Paku

Karenic

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

G.80

56979

300

1259

dìq

egg

Palaychi

Karenic

Jones 61

RBJ-KLS

532208

300

2048

dei³³

egg

Pwo (Northern)

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

532493

300

2049

dei⁵⁵

egg

Pwo (Southern)

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

161572

3439,300

1280

sʻə̆⁴◦đi¹

egg, tuber, testicles

Pwo (Tenasserim)

Karenic

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

G.80

161573

3439,300

1273

sʻə̆◦đi⁴

egg, tuber, testicles

Pwo (Delta)

Karenic

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

G.80

6748

300

1268

dì

egg

Pwo (Bassein)

Karenic

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

896

56977

300

1272

díʔ

egg

Pwo (Bassein)

Karenic

Jones 61

RBJ-KLS

56976

300

1279

díq

egg

Pwo (Moulmein)

Karenic

Jones 61

RBJ-KLS

6747

300

1274

díʔ

egg

Pwo (Moulmein)

Karenic

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

896

531601

300

2046

di³¹˜

egg

Sgaw (Northern)

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

531911

300

2047

di⁴⁵’

egg

Sgaw (Southern)

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

6744

300

1388

²ʔdi

egg

Sgaw

Karenic

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

896

161574

300

1389

đi⁴

egg, tuber, testicles

Sgaw

Karenic

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

G.80

56982

300

1394

dì

egg

Sgaw (Bassein)

Karenic

Jones 61

RBJ-KLS

15015

p,300

746

a³¹ di̱³¹

egg

Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)

Karenic

Dai 89 KarB

DQ-KarenB

573.1

15014

300

746

di̱³¹

egg

Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)

Karenic

Dai 89 KarB

DQ-KarenB

573

14930

300,1654

746

di̱³¹ bo̱³³

testicles

Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)

Karenic

Dai 89 KarB

DQ-KarenB

145.1

14929

300,m

746

di̱³¹ kʰli⁵⁵

testicles

Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)

Karenic

Dai 89 KarB

DQ-KarenB

145

15121

m,m,300

746

di̱⁵⁵ glo³¹ di̱³¹

castrate

Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)

Karenic

Dai 89 KarB

DQ-KarenB

2303.1

15147

m,300,m

746

tsʰɔ⁵⁵ di̱³¹ lɔ³³

lay egg

Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)

Karenic

Dai 89 KarB

DQ-KarenB

2468.1

15066

1233,300

746

xɯ̱⁵⁵ di̱³¹

incubate

Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)

Karenic

Dai 89 KarB

DQ-KarenB

1899.1

56981

300

1399

díʔ

egg

Sgaw (Moulmein)

Karenic

Jones 61

RBJ-KLS

14863

300

747

di̱³¹

lay egg

Karen (Sgaw/Yue)

Karenic

Dai 89 KarA

DQ-KarenA

2468

14768

300

747

di̱³¹

egg

Karen (Sgaw/Yue)

Karenic

Dai 89 KarA

DQ-KarenA

604

169478

300

481

dʼi̯ər/d̑ʼi|

egg (of an ant)

Chinese (Old/Mid)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Karlgren 57 GSR

GSR

590m

169974

300

1007

chʼï

egg (of an ant)

Chinese (Mandarin)

9.0.3

Modern Chinese

Karlgren 57 GSR

GSR

590m

Chinese comparandum

蚳 OC *dʼi̯ər GSR #590m, ‘ant egg’; Li 1971: (*drjid); Baxter 1992: (*drjɨj); Mand. chí.

This rare character does not appear in Li or Baxter. However, reconstruction in either system is not in doubt based on reconstruction of other characters with the same phonetic and identical Middle Chinese pronunciation (e.g. Baxter 1992:750 坻 < drij < *drjɨj (Mand. chí)). But it is worth noting that at least one character with the same phonetic is placed in the 微 Wēi group by Baxter and reconstructed with *‑ij: 鴟 tsyhij < *thjij (Mand. chī), presumably because it is found rhyming with a 微 Wēi group word (Shijing 24.3A). If this character is not simply an exception, then according to Baxter’s rhyme group division, characters with the same phonetic are spread across the two rhyme groups. In the absence of rhyming evidence, *drjij is also a possible reconstruction for 蚳 in Baxter’s system.

Assuming the semantics are not problematic,⁶ the correspondences are quite sound. Examples of OC *‑id (Li 1971) corresponding to TB *‑əy are numerous, and include 死 OC *sjid ‘die’ (Li), TB *səy, Mand. sǐ; 四 OC *sjid ‘four’ (Li), TB *b‑ləy, Mand. sì; 屎 OC *hrjid ‘excrement’, TB *kləy, Mand. shǐ. The TB final *‑i should not be troubling; we would expect this relatively rare PTB final to correspond to OC in the same way as *‑əy (in parallel to TB *‑əw and *‑u; see the discussion of #1168 PTB *pʷu EGG / BIRD / ROUND OBJECT). On the correspondence of OC medial *‑r‑, see the discussion of 中 under #3584 PTB *(t/d)uŋ ⪤ *ts(y)uːŋ MIDDLE / CENTER / INSIDE / NAVEL.
[ZJH]