STEDT Etymon #519

I regard this root as a co-allofam of #517 PTB *m/s‑la(ː)y NAVEL / CENTER / SELF. Both STC #299 *s‑tay ‘navel’ and STC #284 *tay ‘self’ are to be subsumed under this stop-initialled allofam. Reflexes occur widely in TB: NE Indian Areal Group, Himalayish, Jingpho, Karenic, Qiangic (including Tangut), Bai, and Tujia, as well as occasionally in Loloish.

A comparison with Chinese 臍 OC *dz'iər, GSR #593f; Mand. qí, perhaps < *s‑tay via **zday, has been suggested several times, including by Weidert (1987) #843. However, it seems clear that this root is related rather to #1373 PTB *s‑daːy WAIST / BELT / ZONE / FLAT EXPANSE, so that the true Chinese cognate is 帶 OC *tɑ̂d, GSR #315a ‘girdle, sash; carry at the girdle’; Mand. dài (the modern word also means ‘zone; area’, e.g. 熱帶 rèdài ‘torrid zone’).

Note the near homophony between the Jingpho words for ‘heart’ (sin³¹ tai³³) and ‘navel’ (¹šə²dai), undoubtedly due to the widespread metaphorical extension of both of these concepts to CENTER, MOST IMPORTANT PART.

Written Tibetan has acquired a lateral prefix with this root.

See GSTC #62 and #71, and HPTB pp. 52, 208, 217.

rn	analysis	lgid	reflex	gloss	gfn	language	grpid	grpno	grp	genetic	citation	srcabbr	srcid	rn
8245	519	175	s-tay\|	navel		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	738	0
30393	519	177	s-tǎy\|	self / navel		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	071	0
72248	519	182	s-tay\|	navel, abdomen		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Benedict 72 STC	STC	299	0
79010	519	185	s-ta[ː]y\|	navel, abdomen		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	French 83	WTF-PNN	525	0
515936	519	2012	tay	self		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Matisoff 03 HPTB	JAM-HPTB	614	0
72233	519	182	tay	self		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Benedict 72 STC	STC	284	0
70882	519	984	tei	self		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	284	0
248813	p,519	1137	ka◦tei	self		Mzieme	64	1.3.3	Zeme Group	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
2248	m,519	1060	ce◦tè	navel		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	15	0
3766	m,519	1060	ce◦tè	navel / center		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	214	0
166301	m,519	1062	che◦te	navel		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
117721	m,519	1064	che◦te	navel		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
47056	m,519	1063	che◦tè	navel		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Grüssner 79 BP	KHG-MikirQ	60	0
47230	m,519,p,m	1063	che◦tè a-charàng	umbilical cord		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Grüssner 79 BP	KHG-MikirQ	60	1
117745	m,519,m	1064	che◦te acharang	umbilical cord		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
117722	519	1123	dai	navel		Mru	15	1.6	Mru	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
29563	519	1124	dai	navel		Mru	15	1.6	Mru	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	071	0
116882	p,519	352	u◦də́y	abdomen / belly		Bodo	80	1.7.1.1	Bodo	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
29560	519	572	ste	abdomen		Garo	81	1.7.1.2	Garo	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	071	0
304015	519	579	ste	abdomen		Garo	81	1.7.1.2	Garo	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	96n276	0
29570	519	160	taːy	navel		*Northern Naga	12	1.7.2	Northern Naga/Konyakian	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	071	0
79009	519	161	taːy	navel		*Northern Naga	12	1.7.2	Northern Naga/Konyakian	1	French 83	WTF-PNN	525	0
78195	m,519	1192	po te	navel		Nocte	84	1.7.2.1	Tangsa-Nocte	1	French 83	WTF-PNN	525	0
29571	m,519	1189	po-te	navel		Nocte	84	1.7.2.1	Tangsa-Nocte	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	071	0
2246	m,519	1187	²po¹te	navel		Nocte	84	1.7.2.1	Tangsa-Nocte	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	15	0
3765	m,519	1187	³po¹te	navel / center		Nocte	84	1.7.2.1	Tangsa-Nocte	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	214	0
117684	519	671	dāi	navel		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
29556	519	672	dāi	self		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	071	0
70881	519	685	dai	self		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	284	0
29557	519,519	672	dài ~ śədāi	navel		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	071	2
70938	519,519	685	dai ⪤ śədai	navel, abdomen		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	299	0
441385	519,519	671	dāi-dāi	self		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
166298	519	669	shadai	navel		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
117685	519	671	shədāi	navel		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
41213	1390,519	679	sin³¹ tai³³	heart		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Liu 84	JZ-Jingpo		0
304014	519	685	śədai	navel		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	96n276	0
3755	519	667	¹šə²dai\|	navel; center		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	214	0
6652	519	667	¹šə²dai\|	navel		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	843	0
349995	519	1814	ʃă³¹tai³³\|	navel	n	Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0097.19	0
128243	528,519	378	por◦tsi	navel		Bunan	20	2.1.1	Western Himalayish	0	Sharma, S.R. 91 Bu	SBN-BunQ	5.7.1	0
126444	519,519	319	tɛ¹³ tɛ³⁵	navel		Baima	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Sun H 91 Baim	SHK-BaimaQ	5.7.1	0
6266	519,m	375	ti◦wit	navel		Bumthang	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	738	0
117701	519	724	Tya	navel		Kaike	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
62029	164,519	1098	phu◦chi	navel		Tsangla (Central)	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Egli-Roduner	SER-HSLT	33 13	0
39280	164,519,m	1085	pu⁵⁵ ti⁵⁵ ma	navel		Tsangla (Motuo)	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Zhang Jichuan 86	JZ-CLMenba		0
6265	519,m	550	ti-uː	navel		Dzongkha	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	738	0
6264	519	1356	tī-a	navel		Sakka Trokpa	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	738	0
36425	519	1584	htɛ	navel		Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Sun J 85 Amdo	JS-Amdo	627	0
291902	519,m	1586	ɬ̥ṯi◦ya·	navel		Tibetan (Balti)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Rangan 75	RAN1975	77	0
12979	519	329	tia⁵⁵	navel		Tibetan (Batang)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Dai 89 Bata	DQ-Batang	5.7.1	0
117702	519	702	teq	navel		Tibetan (Jirel)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
29565	519	703	teq	navel		Jirel	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	071	0
126783	519,m	1407	tē◦gah	navel		Tibetan (Sherpa:Helambu)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Bishop 89	B-ShrpaHQ	5.7.1	0
127028	519	1426	tiya	navel		Spiti	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Bodh 91	CB-SpitiQ	5.7.1	0
117691	519	1568	lte	navel		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
349977	519,s	1804	lte ba	navel	n	Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0097.01	0
3768	519,s	1562	lte-ba	navel; center		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	214	0
6261	519,s	1562	lte-ba	navel		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	738	0
29559	519,s	1569	lte-ba	navel		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	071	3
70937	519,s	1578	lte-ba	navel; abdomen		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	299	0
304013	519,s	1578	lte-ba	navel		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	96n276	0
38209	519,s	1575	lte.◦ba	navel		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Sun J 85 TbGl	JS-Tib	627	0
166302	519,s	1564	lte◦ba	navel		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
127654	2111,519	436	põ◦ti	navel		Chantyal	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Noonan 92	NPB-ChanQ	5.7.1	0
117693	m,519	602	pa◦diq	navel		Gurung (Ghachok)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
64706	m,519	604	pa◦diq	navel		Gurung (Ghachok)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Glover 72 GuVo	SIL-Gur	2.A.38	0
79806	m,519	999	bi¹ dᴇ¹	navel		Manang (Gyaru)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Nagano 84 Man	YN-Man	039	0
20631	m,519	1002	²pi◦te	navel		Manang (Prakaa)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Hoshi 84	HM-Prak	0027	0
6259	m,519	1468	pe◦te	navel		Tamang (Bagmati)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	738	0
126280	m,519	1455	²pe◦te	navel, umbilical cord	n	Tamang (Risiangku)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Mazaudon 91 TamQ	MM-TamRisQ	5.7.1, 10.	0
6260	m,519	1458	'pe◦te	navel		Tamang (Sahu)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	738	0
117697	m,519	1459	'pe◦te	navel		Tamang (Sahu)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
117734	m,519	1459	'pe◦te	umbilical cord		Tamang (Sahu)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
123047	1361,519	1464	'pe◦te	navel		Tamang (Sahu)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Taylor 72 TmVo	SIL-Sahu	2.36	0
123048	m,519	1464	'pe◦te	umbilical cord		Tamang (Sahu)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Taylor 72 TmVo	SIL-Sahu	2.37	0
124041	519	1464	-Ti	to /	adj.	Tamang (Sahu)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Taylor 72 TmVo	SIL-Sahu	12.E.29	0
235029	m,519	519	bo◦dhi	navel		Dhimal	60	2.1.5	Dhimal	1	King 94 DhBP	JK-Dh		0
8842	519,m,m	1176	ṭẽ◦bu◦ri	navel		Newar (Dolakhali)	27	2.2	Newar	1	Genetti 90 Dola	CG-Dolak		0
117711	519,m	1169	te◦pu	navel		Newar	27	2.2	Newar	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
9068	519,m,m	1177	te◦pu◦ca	navel		Newar (Kathmandu)	27	2.2	Newar	1	Genetti 90 Kath	CG-Kath		0
62226	519,m,2727	1174	te◦pu◦ca	navel-(diminutive)		Newar	27	2.2	Newar	1	Shakya 89	SH-KNw	5.7.1	4
2245	519	442	toi	navel		Chepang	28	2.4	Kham-Magar-Chepang	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	15	0
6262	519	442	toy	navel		Chepang	28	2.4	Kham-Magar-Chepang	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	738	0
482232	519,m	1977	toy.(ghaŋ)	navel	n.	Chepang	28	2.4	Kham-Magar-Chepang	1	Caughley 00 Chepang	RC-DOC		0
117708	519	445	toyʔ	navel		Chepang	28	2.4	Kham-Magar-Chepang	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
29564	519	446	toyʔ	navel		Chepang	28	2.4	Kham-Magar-Chepang	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	071	0
63592	519	449	toyʔ	navel		Chepang	28	2.4	Kham-Magar-Chepang	1	Caughley 72 CVoc	SIL-Chep	2.A.38	0
64339	519,659	449	toyʔ-ru	umbilical cord		Chepang	28	2.4	Kham-Magar-Chepang	1	Caughley 72 CVoc	SIL-Chep	2.A.39	0
117740	519,659	445	toyʔ◦ru	umbilical cord		Chepang	28	2.4	Kham-Magar-Chepang	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
127975	519	452	toy	navel		Chepang (Eastern)	28	2.4	Kham-Magar-Chepang	1	Caughley 90 CheQ	RC-ChepQ	5.7.1	0
117703	1002,m,519	994	me-pe◦de	navel		Magar	28	2.4	Kham-Magar-Chepang	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
6263	1002,m,519	991	me-pe◦ɹe	navel		Magar	28	2.4	Kham-Magar-Chepang	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	738	0
234953	137,519	1495	(ɣɔɦ) teɦ	navel		Tangut [Xixia]	33	3.1	Tangut	1	Nishida 64 Tan	NT-SGK	191	0
234653	519	1494	teɦ	navel		Tangut [Xixia]	33	3.1	Tangut	1	Nishida 64 Tan	NT-SGK	106-061	0
132206	519	1493	tɪn²	navel		Tangut [Xixia]	33	3.1	Tangut	1	Sofronov 97	MVS-Grin		0
17700	137,519	1491	ʔo tɪ̃	navel		Tangut [Xixia]	33	3.1	Tangut	1	Dai 89 Xixi	DQ-Xixia	5.7.1	0
43533	520,519,m	1617	tu³⁵ dɨ²¹ ŋã³³	navel		Tujia (Southern)	41	5	Tujia	1	Tian 86	JZ-Tujia		0
283629	525,m,519	1194	tɕho̱²¹bu²¹di³³	navel		Nosu	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Chen 86 Yi	CK-YiQ	5.7.1	0
463437	525,m,519	1962	ʨhɔ³³bu²¹di³³	navel		Yi (Liangshan)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Ma 08 Yi	SIL-Nuosu	index	0
350011	525,m,519	1832	tɕhɔ³³bu²¹di³³	navel	n	Yi (Xide)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0097.35	0
9970	525,m,519	1667	tɕʰɔ³³-bu²¹-di³³	navel		Yi (Xide)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Chen 79 YiCh	CSL-YIzd		0
57060	519	125	dé	navel		*Karen (Sgaw)	50	7	Karenic	1	Jones 61	RBJ-KLS	143	0
57055	519	123	dè'	navel		*Karen (Pwo)	50	7	Karenic	1	Jones 61	RBJ-KLS	143	0
57053	519	126	dè'	navel		*Karen (TP)	50	7	Karenic	1	Jones 61	RBJ-KLS	143	0
529740	519	2039	de³	navel, umbilical cord		*Karen [Burling]	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	200	0
57955	519	122	də̀i'	navel		*Karen	50	7	Karenic	1	Jones 61	RBJ-KLS	143	0
57058	519	124	də̀ih	navel		*Karen (Pwo-Sgaw)	50	7	Karenic	1	Jones 61	RBJ-KLS	143	0
529480	519	2038	Ɂdeᴬ	navel, umbilical cord		*Karen	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	200	0
166530	519,m	413	-đɪ́◦mʋ́	navel	n	Bwe	50	7	Karenic	1	Henderson 97 Kar	EJAH-BKD		0
531094	519,m	2044	-ɗi⁵⁵mʊ⁵⁵	navel, umbilical cord		Bwe	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	200	0
161406	519	415	đɪ¹	navel		Bwe (Western)	50	7	Karenic	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	F.19	0
6648	519,527	412	ʔdɪ́-phlɔ́	navel		Bwe	50	7	Karenic	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	843	0
161407	p,519	588	ă◦di¹	navel		Geba	50	7	Karenic	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	F.19	0
350026	519,m	1849	di̱⁵⁵bɔ³³	navel	n	Karen	50	7	Karenic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0097.50	0
530831	519	2043	di³³	navel, umbilical cord		Kayah	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	200	0
530530	519	2042	dai⁵³	navel, umbilical cord		Kayan	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	200	0
498200	m,519	1981	pʰú◦dé	navel [lit. belly-?]	N	Kayan (Pekon)	50	7	Karenic	1	Manson 10 Kayan	KM-Kayan		0
531379	519	2045	di³³	navel, umbilical cord		Kayaw	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	200	0
530251	519	2041	de³¹¨	navel, umbilical cord		Pa-O (Southern)	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	200	0
529980	2103,519	2040	paɁ⁴⁵◦de³¹¨	navel, umbilical cord		Pa-O (Northern)	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	200	0
161408	2103,519	1233	pă◦de⁶	navel		Pa-O (Northern)	50	7	Karenic	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	F.19	0
117678	2103,519	1238	pə́ʔ◦de	navel		Pa-O	50	7	Karenic	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
57054	2103,519	1242	pə́ʔ◦de	navel		Pa-O	50	7	Karenic	1	Jones 61	RBJ-KLS	143	0
309179	2103,519	1235	pə◦dè	navel		Pa-O	50	7	Karenic	1	Solnit 89 PaO	DBS-PaO		0
304705	2103,519	1759	pə◦de	navel		Pa-O	50	7	Karenic	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	149n409	0
161405	519,2103	1254	đe¹bɔ²	navel		Paku	50	7	Karenic	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	F.19	0
304712	519	1749	di-	navel		Palaychi	50	7	Karenic	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	149n409	0
117681	519,2103	1256	dìq◦bòq	navel		Palaychi	50	7	Karenic	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
57059	519,2103	1259	dìq◦bòq	navel		Palaychi	50	7	Karenic	1	Jones 61	RBJ-KLS	143	0
532292	519	2048	di⁵⁵	navel, umbilical cord		Pwo (Northern)	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	200	0
6650	519	1265	dé	navel		Pwo	50	7	Karenic	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	843	0
532576	519	2049	di³¹¨	navel, umbilical cord		Pwo (Southern)	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	200	0
161402	p,519	1280	ə̆◦đe⁵	navel		Pwo (Tenasserim)	50	7	Karenic	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	F.19	0
161403	p,519	1273	ə◦đi²	navel		Pwo (Delta)	50	7	Karenic	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	F.19	0
117680	519	1269	dé	navel		Pwo (Bassein)	50	7	Karenic	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
29567	519	1270	dé	navel		Pwo (Bassein)	50	7	Karenic	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	071	0
57057	519	1272	dé	navel		Pwo (Bassein)	50	7	Karenic	1	Jones 61	RBJ-KLS	143	0
6649	519	1274	de	navel		Pwo (Moulmein)	50	7	Karenic	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	843	0
117679	519	1275	de	navel		Pwo (Moulmein)	50	7	Karenic	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
29566	519	1276	de	navel		Pwo (Moulmein)	50	7	Karenic	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	071	0
57056	519	1279	de	navel		Pwo (Moulmein)	50	7	Karenic	1	Jones 61	RBJ-KLS	143	0
531692	519	2046	de³³	navel, umbilical cord		Sgaw (Northern)	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	200	0
531998	519	2047	de⁵⁵	navel, umbilical cord		Sgaw (Southern)	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	200	0
161404	519	1389	đe¹	navel		Sgaw	50	7	Karenic	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	F.19	0
6647	519	1388	⁴ʔde	navel		Sgaw	50	7	Karenic	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	843	0
117683	519	1393	dé	navel		Sgaw (Bassein)	50	7	Karenic	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
57062	519	1394	dé	navel		Sgaw (Bassein)	50	7	Karenic	1	Jones 61	RBJ-KLS	143	0
14907	519,2103	746	di̱⁵⁵ bɔ³³	navel		Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)	50	7	Karenic	1	Dai 89 KarB	DQ-KarenB	123	0
117682	519	1397	dé	navel		Sgaw (Moulmein)	50	7	Karenic	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
57061	519	1399	dé	navel		Sgaw (Moulmein)	50	7	Karenic	1	Jones 61	RBJ-KLS	143	0
14697	519	747	de̱⁵⁵	navel		Karen (Sgaw/Yue)	50	7	Karenic	1	Dai 89 KarA	DQ-KarenA	123	0
14718	519,m	747	de̱⁵⁵ bo̱⁵⁵	umbilical cord		Karen (Sgaw/Yue)	50	7	Karenic	1	Dai 89 KarA	DQ-KarenA	148	0
80715	m,2104,519	309	jõ̱²¹ fv̱ˌ⁴⁴ te̱⁴⁴	navel		Bai (Jianchuan)	51	8	Bai	1	Zhao 90	ZYS-Bai	5.7.1	0
350024	m,2104,519	1846	za̱²¹◦fu̱ te̱³³	navel	n	Bai (Jianchuan)	51	8	Bai	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0097.48	0
169481	519	481	dzʼiər/dzʼiei	navel		Chinese (Old/Mid)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Karlgren 57 GSR	GSR	593f	0
6654	519	470	dzʻiei	navel		Chinese (Old)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	843	0
164895	519	472	dzʻier	middle / navel		Chinese (Old)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	Y.14	0
169977	519	1007	tsʼi	navel		Chinese (Mandarin)	55	9.0.3	Modern Chinese	0	Karlgren 57 GSR	GSR	593f	0

analysis

lgid

reflex

gloss

gfn

language

grpid

grpno

grp

genetic

citation

srcabbr

srcid

8245

519

175

s-tay|

navel

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

738

30393

519

177

s-tǎy|

self / navel

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Matisoff 85 GSTC

JAM-GSTC

071

72248

519

182

s-tay|

navel, abdomen

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Benedict 72 STC

STC

299

79010

519

185

s-ta[ː]y|

navel, abdomen

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

French 83

WTF-PNN

525

515936

519

2012

tay

self

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Matisoff 03 HPTB

JAM-HPTB

614

72233

519

182

tay

self

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Benedict 72 STC

STC

284

70882

519

984

tei

self

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Benedict 72 STC

STC

284

248813

p,519

1137

ka◦tei

self

Mzieme

1.3.3

Zeme Group

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

2248

m,519

1060

ce◦tè

navel

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

3766

m,519

1060

ce◦tè

navel / center

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

214

166301

m,519

1062

che◦te

navel

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

117721

m,519

1064

che◦te

navel

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

47056

m,519

1063

che◦tè

navel

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Grüssner 79 BP

KHG-MikirQ

47230

m,519,p,m

1063

che◦tè a-charàng

umbilical cord

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Grüssner 79 BP

KHG-MikirQ

117745

m,519,m

1064

che◦te acharang

umbilical cord

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

117722

519

1123

dai

navel

Mru

1.6

Mru

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

29563

519

1124

dai

navel

Mru

1.6

Mru

Matisoff 85 GSTC

JAM-GSTC

071

116882

p,519

352

u◦də́y

abdomen / belly

Bodo

1.7.1.1

Bodo

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

29560

519

572

ste

abdomen

Garo

1.7.1.2

Garo

Matisoff 85 GSTC

JAM-GSTC

071

304015

519

579

ste

abdomen

Garo

1.7.1.2

Garo

Benedict 72 STC

STC

96n276

29570

519

160

taːy

navel

*Northern Naga

1.7.2

Northern Naga/Konyakian

Matisoff 85 GSTC

JAM-GSTC

071

79009

519

161

taːy

navel

*Northern Naga

1.7.2

Northern Naga/Konyakian

French 83

WTF-PNN

525

78195

m,519

1192

po te

navel

Nocte

1.7.2.1

Tangsa-Nocte

French 83

WTF-PNN

525

29571

m,519

1189

po-te

navel

Nocte

1.7.2.1

Tangsa-Nocte

Matisoff 85 GSTC

JAM-GSTC

071

2246

m,519

1187

²po¹te

navel

Nocte

1.7.2.1

Tangsa-Nocte

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

3765

m,519

1187

³po¹te

navel / center

Nocte

1.7.2.1

Tangsa-Nocte

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

214

117684

519

671

dāi

navel

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

29556

519

672

dāi

self

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Matisoff 85 GSTC

JAM-GSTC

071

70881

519

685

dai

self

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Benedict 72 STC

STC

284

29557

519,519

672

dài ~ śədāi

navel

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Matisoff 85 GSTC

JAM-GSTC

071

70938

519,519

685

dai ⪤ śədai

navel, abdomen

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Benedict 72 STC

STC

299

441385

519,519

671

dāi-dāi

self

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

166298

519

669

shadai

navel

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

117685

519

671

shədāi

navel

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

41213

1390,519

679

sin³¹ tai³³

heart

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Liu 84

JZ-Jingpo

304014

519

685

śədai

navel

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Benedict 72 STC

STC

96n276

3755

519

667

¹šə²dai|

navel; center

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

214

6652

519

667

¹šə²dai|

navel

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

843

349995

519

1814

ʃă³¹tai³³|

navel

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0097.19

128243

528,519

378

por◦tsi

navel

Bunan

2.1.1

Western Himalayish

Sharma, S.R. 91 Bu

SBN-BunQ

5.7.1

126444

519,519

319

tɛ¹³ tɛ³⁵

navel

Baima

2.1.2

Bodic

Sun H 91 Baim

SHK-BaimaQ

5.7.1

6266

519,m

375

ti◦wit

navel

Bumthang

2.1.2

Bodic

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

738

117701

519

724

Tya

navel

Kaike

2.1.2

Bodic

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

62029

164,519

1098

phu◦chi

navel

Tsangla (Central)

2.1.2

Bodic

Egli-Roduner

SER-HSLT

33 13

39280

164,519,m

1085

pu⁵⁵ ti⁵⁵ ma

navel

Tsangla (Motuo)

2.1.2

Bodic

Zhang Jichuan 86

JZ-CLMenba

6265

519,m

550

ti-uː

navel

Dzongkha

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

738

6264

519

1356

tī-a

navel

Sakka Trokpa

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

738

36425

519

1584

htɛ

navel

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Sun J 85 Amdo

JS-Amdo

627

291902

519,m

1586

ɬ̥ṯi◦ya·

navel

Tibetan (Balti)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Rangan 75

RAN1975

12979

519

329

tia⁵⁵

navel

Tibetan (Batang)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Dai 89 Bata

DQ-Batang

5.7.1

117702

519

702

teq

navel

Tibetan (Jirel)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

29565

519

703

teq

navel

Jirel

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Matisoff 85 GSTC

JAM-GSTC

071

126783

519,m

1407

tē◦gah

navel

Tibetan (Sherpa:Helambu)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Bishop 89

B-ShrpaHQ

5.7.1

127028

519

1426

tiya

navel

Spiti

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Bodh 91

CB-SpitiQ

5.7.1

117691

519

1568

lte

navel

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

349977

519,s

1804

lte ba

navel

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0097.01

3768

519,s

1562

lte-ba

navel; center

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

214

6261

519,s

1562

lte-ba

navel

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

738

29559

519,s

1569

lte-ba

navel

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Matisoff 85 GSTC

JAM-GSTC

071

70937

519,s

1578

lte-ba

navel; abdomen

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Benedict 72 STC

STC

299

304013

519,s

1578

lte-ba

navel

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Benedict 72 STC

STC

96n276

38209

519,s

1575

lte.◦ba

navel

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Sun J 85 TbGl

JS-Tib

627

166302

519,s

1564

lte◦ba

navel

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

127654

2111,519

436

põ◦ti

navel

Chantyal

2.1.4

Tamangish

Noonan 92

NPB-ChanQ

5.7.1

117693

m,519

602

pa◦diq

navel

Gurung (Ghachok)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

64706

m,519

604

pa◦diq

navel

Gurung (Ghachok)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Glover 72 GuVo

SIL-Gur

2.A.38

79806

m,519

999

bi¹ dᴇ¹

navel

Manang (Gyaru)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Nagano 84 Man

YN-Man

039

20631

m,519

1002

²pi◦te

navel

Manang (Prakaa)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Hoshi 84

HM-Prak

0027

6259

m,519

1468

pe◦te

navel

Tamang (Bagmati)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

738

126280

m,519

1455

²pe◦te

navel, umbilical cord

Tamang (Risiangku)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Mazaudon 91 TamQ

MM-TamRisQ

5.7.1, 10.

6260

m,519

1458

'pe◦te

navel

Tamang (Sahu)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

738

117697

m,519

1459

'pe◦te

navel

Tamang (Sahu)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

117734

m,519

1459

'pe◦te

umbilical cord

Tamang (Sahu)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

123047

1361,519

1464

'pe◦te

navel

Tamang (Sahu)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Taylor 72 TmVo

SIL-Sahu

2.36

123048

m,519

1464

'pe◦te

umbilical cord

Tamang (Sahu)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Taylor 72 TmVo

SIL-Sahu

2.37

124041

519

1464

-Ti

to /

adj.

Tamang (Sahu)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Taylor 72 TmVo

SIL-Sahu

12.E.29

235029

m,519

519

bo◦dhi

navel

Dhimal

2.1.5

Dhimal

King 94 DhBP

JK-Dh

8842

519,m,m

1176

ṭẽ◦bu◦ri

navel

Newar (Dolakhali)

2.2

Newar

Genetti 90 Dola

CG-Dolak

117711

519,m

1169

te◦pu

navel

Newar

2.2

Newar

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

9068

519,m,m

1177

te◦pu◦ca

navel

Newar (Kathmandu)

2.2

Newar

Genetti 90 Kath

CG-Kath

62226

519,m,2727

1174

te◦pu◦ca

navel-(diminutive)

Newar

2.2

Newar

Shakya 89

SH-KNw

5.7.1

2245

519

442

toi

navel

Chepang

2.4

Kham-Magar-Chepang

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

6262

519

442

toy

navel

Chepang

2.4

Kham-Magar-Chepang

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

738

482232

519,m

1977

toy.(ghaŋ)

navel

Chepang

2.4

Kham-Magar-Chepang

Caughley 00 Chepang

RC-DOC

117708

519

445

toyʔ

navel

Chepang

2.4

Kham-Magar-Chepang

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

29564

519

446

toyʔ

navel

Chepang

2.4

Kham-Magar-Chepang

Matisoff 85 GSTC

JAM-GSTC

071

63592

519

449

toyʔ

navel

Chepang

2.4

Kham-Magar-Chepang

Caughley 72 CVoc

SIL-Chep

2.A.38

64339

519,659

449

toyʔ-ru

umbilical cord

Chepang

2.4

Kham-Magar-Chepang

Caughley 72 CVoc

SIL-Chep

2.A.39

117740

519,659

445

toyʔ◦ru

umbilical cord

Chepang

2.4

Kham-Magar-Chepang

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

127975

519

452

toy

navel

Chepang (Eastern)

2.4

Kham-Magar-Chepang

Caughley 90 CheQ

RC-ChepQ

5.7.1

117703

1002,m,519

994

me-pe◦de

navel

Magar

2.4

Kham-Magar-Chepang

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

6263

1002,m,519

991

me-pe◦ɹe

navel

Magar

2.4

Kham-Magar-Chepang

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

738

234953

137,519

1495

(ɣɔɦ) teɦ

navel

Tangut [Xixia]

3.1

Tangut

Nishida 64 Tan

NT-SGK

191

234653

519

1494

teɦ

navel

Tangut [Xixia]

3.1

Tangut

Nishida 64 Tan

NT-SGK

106-061

132206

519

1493

tɪn²

navel

Tangut [Xixia]

3.1

Tangut

Sofronov 97

MVS-Grin

17700

137,519

1491

ʔo tɪ̃

navel

Tangut [Xixia]

3.1

Tangut

Dai 89 Xixi

DQ-Xixia

5.7.1

43533

520,519,m

1617

tu³⁵ dɨ²¹ ŋã³³

navel

Tujia (Southern)

Tujia

Tian 86

JZ-Tujia

283629

525,m,519

1194

tɕho̱²¹bu²¹di³³

navel

Nosu

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Chen 86 Yi

CK-YiQ

5.7.1

463437

525,m,519

1962

ʨhɔ³³bu²¹di³³

navel

Yi (Liangshan)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Ma 08 Yi

SIL-Nuosu

index

350011

525,m,519

1832

tɕhɔ³³bu²¹di³³

navel

Yi (Xide)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0097.35

9970

525,m,519

1667

tɕʰɔ³³-bu²¹-di³³

navel

Yi (Xide)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Chen 79 YiCh

CSL-YIzd

57060

519

125

dé

navel

*Karen (Sgaw)

Karenic

Jones 61

RBJ-KLS

143

57055

519

123

dè'

navel

*Karen (Pwo)

Karenic

Jones 61

RBJ-KLS

143

57053

519

126

dè'

navel

*Karen (TP)

Karenic

Jones 61

RBJ-KLS

143

529740

519

2039

de³

navel, umbilical cord

*Karen [Burling]

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

200

57955

519

122

də̀i'

navel

*Karen

Karenic

Jones 61

RBJ-KLS

143

57058

519

124

də̀ih

navel

*Karen (Pwo-Sgaw)

Karenic

Jones 61

RBJ-KLS

143

529480

519

2038

Ɂdeᴬ

navel, umbilical cord

*Karen

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

200

166530

519,m

413

-đɪ́◦mʋ́

navel

Bwe

Karenic

Henderson 97 Kar

EJAH-BKD

531094

519,m

2044

-ɗi⁵⁵mʊ⁵⁵

navel, umbilical cord

Bwe

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

200

161406

519

415

đɪ¹

navel

Bwe (Western)

Karenic

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

F.19

6648

519,527

412

ʔdɪ́-phlɔ́

navel

Bwe

Karenic

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

843

161407

p,519

588

ă◦di¹

navel

Geba

Karenic

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

F.19

350026

519,m

1849

di̱⁵⁵bɔ³³

navel

Karen

Karenic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0097.50

530831

519

2043

di³³

navel, umbilical cord

Kayah

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

200

530530

519

2042

dai⁵³

navel, umbilical cord

Kayan

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

200

498200

m,519

1981

pʰú◦dé

navel [lit. belly-?]

Kayan (Pekon)

Karenic

Manson 10 Kayan

KM-Kayan

531379

519

2045

di³³

navel, umbilical cord

Kayaw

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

200

530251

519

2041

de³¹¨

navel, umbilical cord

Pa-O (Southern)

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

200

529980

2103,519

2040

paɁ⁴⁵◦de³¹¨

navel, umbilical cord

Pa-O (Northern)

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

200

161408

2103,519

1233

pă◦de⁶

navel

Pa-O (Northern)

Karenic

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

F.19

117678

2103,519

1238

pə́ʔ◦de

navel

Pa-O

Karenic

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

57054

2103,519

1242

pə́ʔ◦de

navel

Pa-O

Karenic

Jones 61

RBJ-KLS

143

309179

2103,519

1235

pə◦dè

navel

Pa-O

Karenic

Solnit 89 PaO

DBS-PaO

304705

2103,519

1759

pə◦de

navel

Pa-O

Karenic

Benedict 72 STC

STC

149n409

161405

519,2103

1254

đe¹bɔ²

navel

Paku

Karenic

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

F.19

304712

519

1749

di-

navel

Palaychi

Karenic

Benedict 72 STC

STC

149n409

117681

519,2103

1256

dìq◦bòq

navel

Palaychi

Karenic

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

57059

519,2103

1259

dìq◦bòq

navel

Palaychi

Karenic

Jones 61

RBJ-KLS

143

532292

519

2048

di⁵⁵

navel, umbilical cord

Pwo (Northern)

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

200

6650

519

1265

dé

navel

Pwo

Karenic

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

843

532576

519

2049

di³¹¨

navel, umbilical cord

Pwo (Southern)

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

200

161402

p,519

1280

ə̆◦đe⁵

navel

Pwo (Tenasserim)

Karenic

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

F.19

161403

p,519

1273

ə◦đi²

navel

Pwo (Delta)

Karenic

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

F.19

117680

519

1269

dé

navel

Pwo (Bassein)

Karenic

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

29567

519

1270

dé

navel

Pwo (Bassein)

Karenic

Matisoff 85 GSTC

JAM-GSTC

071

57057

519

1272

dé

navel

Pwo (Bassein)

Karenic

Jones 61

RBJ-KLS

143

6649

519

1274

navel

Pwo (Moulmein)

Karenic

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

843

117679

519

1275

navel

Pwo (Moulmein)

Karenic

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

29566

519

1276

navel

Pwo (Moulmein)

Karenic

Matisoff 85 GSTC

JAM-GSTC

071

57056

519

1279

navel

Pwo (Moulmein)

Karenic

Jones 61

RBJ-KLS

143

531692

519

2046

de³³

navel, umbilical cord

Sgaw (Northern)

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

200

531998

519

2047

de⁵⁵

navel, umbilical cord

Sgaw (Southern)

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

200

161404

519

1389

đe¹

navel

Sgaw

Karenic

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

F.19

6647

519

1388

⁴ʔde

navel

Sgaw

Karenic

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

843

117683

519

1393

dé

navel

Sgaw (Bassein)

Karenic

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

57062

519

1394

dé

navel

Sgaw (Bassein)

Karenic

Jones 61

RBJ-KLS

143

14907

519,2103

746

di̱⁵⁵ bɔ³³

navel

Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)

Karenic

Dai 89 KarB

DQ-KarenB

123

117682

519

1397

dé

navel

Sgaw (Moulmein)

Karenic

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

57061

519

1399

dé

navel

Sgaw (Moulmein)

Karenic

Jones 61

RBJ-KLS

143

14697

519

747

de̱⁵⁵

navel

Karen (Sgaw/Yue)

Karenic

Dai 89 KarA

DQ-KarenA

123

14718

519,m

747

de̱⁵⁵ bo̱⁵⁵

umbilical cord

Karen (Sgaw/Yue)

Karenic

Dai 89 KarA

DQ-KarenA

148

80715

m,2104,519

309

jõ̱²¹ fv̱ˌ⁴⁴ te̱⁴⁴

navel

Bai (Jianchuan)

Bai

Zhao 90

ZYS-Bai

5.7.1

350024

m,2104,519

1846

za̱²¹◦fu̱ te̱³³

navel

Bai (Jianchuan)

Bai

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0097.48

169481

519

481

dzʼiər/dzʼiei

navel

Chinese (Old/Mid)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Karlgren 57 GSR

GSR

593f

6654

519

470

dzʻiei

navel

Chinese (Old)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

843

164895

519

472

dzʻier

middle / navel

Chinese (Old)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

Y.14

169977

519

1007

tsʼi

navel

Chinese (Mandarin)

9.0.3

Modern Chinese

Karlgren 57 GSR

GSR

593f

Chinese comparanda

臍 OC *dzʼiər, GSR #593f ‘navel’; Li 1971: *dziəd; Baxter 1992: *dzɨj; Mand. qí.

The initial correspondence of OC *dz‑ to PTB *s‑t‑ could be explained by metathesis, as discussed in Bodman 1969⁵. Baxter 1992:229-30 allows for the general developments *St‑ > ts‑ and *Sd‑ > dz‑, where *S is a metathesizing prefix. This prefix is usually reconstructed when phonetic series evidence suggests an original stop initial. Within GSR #593, however, there is no evidence for original dental stops. Nevertheless, Schuessler 2007:421 admits the possibility, suggesting possible pre-Old Chinese forms *dz(l)əi < *s‑d(l)əi.

On the apparent mismatch between the voiceless PTB initial and the voiced OC initial, see the discussion under #1654 PTB *pu EGG.

For a discussion of the correspondence between OC *‑ɨj and TB *‑ay, see #1160 PTB *ŋ‑(w)aːy COPULATE / MAKE LOVE / LOVE / GENTLE.
[ZJH]

There also seems to be a phonosemantic connection between the stop-initialled allofam *s‑tay and a PTB root *taːy meaning BELT/ZONE/WAIST, first reconstructed in Matisoff 1985a (GSTC #95) on the basis of WT sde ‘part, portion (e.g. of a country), province, district, territory, zone’, Lahu de ‘belt of land between the high rain-forest and the plains; large expanse of terrain’, Luquan Lolo ntʰe¹¹ ‘plain, flat expanse’, Lushai (Mizo) tai ‘waist’, Karbi daykha ‘middle, intermediate’. This implies that WT lte‑ba ‘navel’ is a co-allofam of WT sde ‘zone’.

A very likely Chinese comparandum is 帶 OC *tɑ̂d ‘girdle, sash’, Mand. dài ‘belt, zone’. For the semantics, cf. Eng. zone < Gk. zōnē ‘girdle’ < PIE *yōs‑nā (*yōs ‘to gird’).
[JAM]

帶 OC *tɑ̂d, GSR #315a ‘belt, sash’; Li 1971: *tadh; Baxter 1992:753 *tats; Mand. dài.

This word is reconstructed with a final stop by both Baxter and Li. As Schuessler (2007:72) notes, there is reason to think that some of the words reconstructed by Baxter in *‑ts should be revised to *‑s. 帶 is one of the words that Schuessler so revises, supporting the comparison made here (Schuessler 2007:203).

The comparison of PTB *‑ay with either OC *‑as or *‑ats is still problematic, as I know of no other examples of such a correspondence. It must be noted, however, that a regular pattern of correspondence between OC and PTB *‑ay has not yet emerged. The most commonly attested correspondences are with OC *‑aj or *‑ɨj on the one hand (as with 臍, above), and OC *‑e on the other (see #90 PTB *m/s‑ŋa‑y SMALL / INFERIOR / OFFSPRING).
[ZJH]

^ 2.

The sibilant prefix might be a reduction of PTB *sya ‘flesh; animal’. This prefix occurs productively with body parts in a number of other TB languages (e.g. Nung sərö ‘bone’, WT skra ‘hair’, Dimasa salai ‘tongue’, WT snabs ‘snot’, etc.).

^ 3.

The lt‑ cluster in the WT form looks like a metathesized version of the tl‑ cluster found in Kham, Bantawa, Lakher (Mara), and Miju (#517 PTB *m/s‑la(ː)y NAVEL / CENTER / SELF), further justifying the treatment of *s‑lay and *s‑tay as co-allofams of the same etymon.

^ 4.

K. P. Malla (p.c. 2007) analyzes this form as consisting of te ‘navel’, pu ‘seed, round thing’, ca (preferably chaa) ‘DIMINUTIVE; child’. Newar chaa appears in compounds like ma‑chaa ‘a child’ and khi‑chaa ‘a dog’.

#519 PTB *s-tay NAVEL / ABDOMEN / CENTER / SELF

Chinese comparanda