STEDT Etymon #3451
1.0 The Body > 1.9 Reproductive System > 1.9.4 Breast
#3451 PTB *m-ʔum ⪤ *mum HOLD IN MOUTH / CHEW / EAT / KISS |
This root frequently occurs in compounds in Northeast Indian languages before #3450 PTB *m‑pup ⪤ *pip KISS / SUCK / SUCKLE (e.g. Milang mum‑pup). In fact several of the forms treated under #3450 PTB *m‑pup ⪤ *pip as having prefixal *mV‑ (e.g. Angami me³¹bo¹¹) might be better analyzed as compounds with *mum as the first constituent.
STC reconstructs a root *um (#108), later changed to *(m)‑u·m ‘hold in the mouth/mouthful’ on the basis of a group of zero/glottal stop-initialled forms like WT (ʔ)um and the prefixed Jingpho form məūm. These have been combined with a group of NE India forms meaning ‘kiss’ to form the present set.
| rn | analysis | lgid | reflex | gloss | gfn | language | grpid | grpno | grp | genetic | citation | srcabbr | srcid | rn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 77062 | 3451 | 168 | ʔum | hold in the mouth | *Sino-Tibetan | 1 | 0 | Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Coblin 86 | WSC-SH | 95 | 0 | |
| 304602 | 3451 | 182 | (m-)|u:m | hold in mouth, mouthful | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 142n384 | 0 | |
| 19848 | 3451 | 174 | (m-)|uːm | put in mouth / hold in mouth | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Chou 72 | ACST | 614 | 0 | |
| 514708 | 3451 | 2012 | m-|ʔuːm | hold in the mouth | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Matisoff 03 HPTB | JAM-HPTB | 583 | 0 | |
| 143122 | 3451 | 176 | um | eat | v. | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 54 | 0 |
| 72056 | 3451 | 182 | um | hold in the mouth | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 108 | 0 | |
| 77065 | 3451 | 183 | um | hold in the mouth | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Coblin 86 | WSC-SH | 95 | 0 | |
| 514707 | 3451 | 2012 | ʔuːm | mouthful | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Matisoff 03 HPTB | JAM-HPTB | 583 | 0 | |
| 155562 | 3451,5541 | 285 | mó-čù | kiss | Apatani | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 Tani | JS-Tani | 0 | ||
| 155564 | 3451,5541,m | 286 | mo-ču (sú) | kiss | Apatani | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 Tani | JS-Tani | 0 | ||
| 155563 | 3451,5541,m | 286 | mo-čʰuʔ (sú) | kiss | Apatani | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 Tani | JS-Tani | 0 | ||
| 173786 | 3451,3450 | 333 | muː-pup | kiss | Bengni | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 HCST | JS-HCST | 0 | ||
| 155565 | 3451,3450 | 334 | muː-pup | kiss | Bengni | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 Tani | JS-Tani | 0 | ||
| 45539 | 3451,3450,s | 564 | mum-puk-nam | kiss | v | Galo | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Das Gupta 63 Gal | KDG-IGL | 0 | |
| 494922 | 3451,s | 1979 | `muu◦nam | suck | vt. | Galo | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09 | GLDC-GED | 0 | |
| 492273 | 3451,3450 | 1979 | `muu◦puk | kiss | vt. | Galo | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09 | GLDC-GED | 0 | |
| 492274 | 3451,3450,m | 1979 | `muu◦puk-dotak | kiss.and.cluck.mouth | vi. | Galo | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09 | GLDC-GED | 0 | |
| 45961 | 3451,3450,s | 1444 | mo◦pup-nam | kiss | v | Tagin | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Das Gupta 83 Tag | KDG-Tag | 0 | |
| 173788 | 3451,3450 | 1253 | mam-puk | kiss | Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri] | 74 | 1.1.1.2 | Eastern Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 HCST | JS-HCST | 1 | ||
| 1774 | 3451,3450,m | 1070 | mum-pup-ma | kiss | Milang | 74 | 1.1.1.2 | Eastern Tani | 1 | Tayeng 76 Mil | AT-MPB | 0 | ||
| 69905 | 3451,m | 1076 | um-bom | hold (as inside the mouth) | Mishing [Miri] | 74 | 1.1.1.2 | Eastern Tani | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 108 | 0 | |
| 445888 | 3451 | 1928 | hmawm | put and keep s.th. in the mouth (without biting nor swallowing) | v | Cho (Mindat) | 69 | 1.2.1.2 | Southern Plains Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 875 | 0 |
| 500906 | 3451 | 1983 | hmoom | HOLD (in the mouth) | *Central Chin | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 875 | 0 | |
| 441388 | 3451 | 861 | hmoom | hold in the mouth | Lai (Hakha) | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | Van Bik, K. 95 Lai | KVB-Lai | 0 | ||
| 445886 | 3451 | 1947 | hmôom-I, hmǒom-II | hold something in mouth (e.g. sweets, tobacco) | Lai (Hakha) | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 875 | 0 | |
| 445887 | 3451 | 1924 | hmâwm | put into the mouth | v | Lushai [Mizo] | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 875 | 0 |
| 441387 | 3451 | 981 | hmuam | hold in the mouth; suck; chew | Lushai [Mizo] | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | Lorrain 40 Lush | JHL-Lu | 164 | 2 | |
| 315946 | 3451 | 1779 | hmuam | chew (as tobacco); suck in the mouth; retain in th | v | Lushai [Mizo] | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | Bhaskararao 96 CDB | PB-CLDB | 2412 | 0 |
| 131523 | 3451 | 805 | m̥om | hold in mouth | v | Kom Rem | 72 | 1.2.4 | “Old Kuki” | 0 | Toba 91 KRQ | T-KomRQ | 3.7.14 | 0 |
| 524148 | 3451 | 2030 | mùam | hold in mouth | v. | Sorbung | 72 | 1.2.4 | “Old Kuki” | 0 | Mortensen 11 Sorbung | MK-Sorbung | BodyParts.091 | 0 |
| 172106 | p,3451,m | 1672 | a◦man◦ji | kiss | Yimchungrü | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 172095 | 3451 | 1017 | momu | kiss | Mao | 65 | 1.3.2 | Angami-Pochuri Group | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 172093 | 3451,m | 906 | mun◦rui | kiss | Liangmei | 64 | 1.3.3 | Zeme Group | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 172097 | 3451 | 1137 | mam | kiss | Mzieme | 64 | 1.3.3 | Zeme Group | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 3 | ||
| 10475 | 3451,s | 1040 | um◦bə | hold in mouth | v. | Meithei | 13 | 1.4 | Meithei | 1 | Singh 91 MeiQ | CYS-Meithei | 3.7.14 | 0 |
| 69906 | 3451 | 1068 | om | chew, mouthful | Mikir [Karbi] | 14 | 1.5 | Mikir [Karbi] | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 108 | 0 | |
| 76294 | 3451 | 1069 | om | mouthful | Mikir [Karbi] | 14 | 1.5 | Mikir [Karbi] | 1 | Coblin 86 | WSC-SH | 95 | 0 | |
| 47018 | 3451 | 1063 | òm- | chew | v. | Mikir [Karbi] | 14 | 1.5 | Mikir [Karbi] | 1 | Grüssner 79 BP | KHG-MikirQ | 35 | 0 |
| 41259 | p,3451 | 679 | mă¹ um³³ | hold in mouth | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Liu 84 | JZ-Jingpo | 0 | ||
| 147498 | 3451 | 685 | məum | hold, as water or smoke in the mouth | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 108 | 0 | |
| 32176 | p,3451 | 676 | mə◦ʔūm | hold in the mouth | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Matisoff 74 TJLB | JAM-TJLB | 128 | 0 | |
| 207401 | 3451 | 1088 | jum | hold in mouth | Tsangla (Motuo) | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 538.7 | 0 | |
| 39348 | 3451 | 1085 | jum⁵⁵ | hold in mouth, suck | Tsangla (Motuo) | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Zhang Jichuan 86 | JZ-CLMenba | 0 | ||
| 143121 | 3451 | 1563 | um | kiss | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 54 | 0 | |
| 76292 | 3451 | 1580 | um | kiss | n. | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Coblin 86 | WSC-SH | 95 | 0 |
| 69903 | 3451,m | 1578 | ʔum | kiss | n | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 108 | 0 |
| 147497 | 3451 | 900 | ŭm | receive into mouth without swallowing | Lepcha | 21 | 2.1.3 | Lepcha | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 108 | 0 | |
| 303834 | 3451 | 900 | ŭm | hold in mouth | Lepcha | 21 | 2.1.3 | Lepcha | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 75n231 | 0 | |
| 148696 | 3451 | 901 | ǔm | receive into the mouth without swallowing | Lepcha | 21 | 2.1.3 | Lepcha | 1 | Coblin 86 | WSC-SH | 356 | 0 | |
| 143123 | 3451 | 129 | um- | eat | v. | *Kiranti | 29 | 2.3 | Kiranti | 1 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 54 | 0 |
| 132340 | 3451,s | 1644 | uːm◦maː | hold in mouth | v | Yakha | 31 | 2.3.1 | Eastern Kiranti | 1 | Kohn 90 | TK-Yakha | 3.7.14 | 0 |
| 143119 | 3451,s | 323 | um◦t- | eat | v. | Bantawa | 76 | 2.3.2 | Southern Kiranti | 1 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 54 | 0 |
| 143118 | 3451,s,m | 424 | up-s-yu | eat | v. | Chamling | 76 | 2.3.2 | Southern Kiranti | 1 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 54 | 0 |
| 127912 | 3451,1759 | 452 | ʔumh◦naʔ | hold in mouth | v | Chepang (Eastern) | 28 | 2.4 | Kham-Magar-Chepang | 1 | Caughley 90 CheQ | RC-ChepQ | 3.7.14 | 0 |
| 69908 | 3451 | 1205 | im | mouthful | Anong | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 108 | 0 | |
| 76295 | 3451 | 1206 | im | mouthful | Anong | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Coblin 86 | WSC-SH | 95 | 0 | |
| 38489 | 3451 | 204 | mam³¹ | chew | Achang (Longchuan) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Dai 85 AcJZ | JZ-Achang | 0 | ||
| 38492 | 3451 | 204 | om⁵⁵ | hold in mouth | Achang (Longchuan) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Dai 85 AcJZ | JZ-Achang | 0 | ||
| 207417 | 3451 | 200 | om⁵⁵ | hold in mouth | Achang (Longchuan) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 538.41 | 0 | |
| 17551 | 3451 | 209 | mam³¹ | chew | Achang (Xiandao) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Dai 89 Xian | DQ-Xiandao | 1971 | 0 | |
| 9330 | 3451 | 878 | ʔm̩²¹ | hold in mouth | v. | Lalo | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 86 Yi | CK-YiQ | 3.7.14 | 0 |
| 41094 | 3451 | 700 | mo⁴² | hold in mouth | Jinuo (Youle) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Gai 86 | JZ-Jinuo | 0 | ||
| 41584 | 3451 | 850 | mɛ³¹ | hold in mouth | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Chang 86 | JZ-Lahu | 0 | ||
| 207413 | 3451 | 851 | mɛ³¹ | hold in mouth | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 538.33 | 0 | |
| 533532 | 3451 | 831 | mɛ̀ | hold in mouth | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 88 DL | JAM-DL | 1017 | 0 | |
| 41738 | 3451 | 856 | mɔ³¹ | hold in mouth | Lahu (Yellow) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Chang 86 | JZ-Lahu | 0 | ||
| 40596 | 3451 | 629 | ɔ³¹ | hold in mouth | Hani (Dazhai) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Li Yongsui 86 Hani | JZ-Hani | 0 | ||
| 40748 | 3451 | 630 | m(u)m̩⁵⁵ | hold in mouth | Hani (Gelanghe) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Li Yongsui 86 Hani | JZ-Hani | 0 | ||
| 40892 | 3451 | 634 | mu³¹ | hold in mouth | Hani (Shuikui) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Li Yongsui 86 Hani | JZ-Hani | 0 | ||
| 207438 | 3451 | 1416 | mu³¹ | hold in mouth | Hani (Shuikui) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 538.32 | 0 | |
| 308610 | 3451 | 1235 | ʔòm | hold in mouth | Pa-O | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Solnit 89 PaO | DBS-PaO | 0 | ||
| 77063 | 3451 | 478 | ʔəmx | hold in the mouth | Chinese (Old) | 53 | 9.0.1 | Old Chinese | 0 | Coblin 86 | WSC-SH | 95 | 0 | |
| 77064 | 3451 | 468 | ʔəm: | hold in the mouth | Chinese (Middle) | 54 | 9.0.2 | Middle Chinese | 0 | Coblin 86 | WSC-SH | 95 | 0 |
A Chinese comparandum was recognized already in STC #181 as 唵 *ʔəm, Mand. ǎn. This form does not occur in GSR #614, but is to be found in Karlgren 1923 (Analytic Dictionary, set #238, p. 96).
[JAM]
唵 ǎn ‘hold in the mouth, put in the mouth’
GSR: not in GSR #614 Karlgren: *·əm Li: *·əm Baxter: *ʔɨ/umʔ
In Baxter’s system the vowel cannot be determined from the Middle Chinese vocalism, and in this case there is also insufficient rhyming or phonetic-series evidence.
The correspondence between OC *ə (Li)/*ɨ/u (Baxter) and PTB *u before labials is regular. See under #5541 PTB *m‑ts(y)(u/i)p SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK for examples.
[ZJH]
S150