6.0 Verbs of Motion, of Manipulation, and of Production > 6.7 Movement > 6.7.9 Manner is primary

#6705 PTB *gan ⪤ *k(y)at RUN / DANCE / KICK

Reconstructed mesoroots below:

This root should be kept distinct from #2234 PTB *gaːr DANCE / SING / LEAP / STRIDE and #521 PTB *ga DANCE / LEAP / STRIDE. Several languages have compounds of the structure #521 PTB *ga DANCE / LEAP / STRIDE + #6705 PTB *gan*k(y)at RUN / DANCE / KICK, e.g. Lahu qā‑qhêʔ.

rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
51496767052012ganrun / dance / kick*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB5900
51528467052012k(y)atrun / dance / kick*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB5980
1459156705181k(y)at(sudden) lateral action*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB185 1
303606705177k(y)at ⪤ ganrun / dance / kick*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0390
20882567051431gak¹¹kickSulung [Puroik]41.1“North Assam”0Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC565.520
2831376705173kat¹escape / flee*Tani51.1.1Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST1280
1734576705333kitescape / fleeBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
1535926705,m334kit(-faː)escapeBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1734586705360ketescape / fleeBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
42714867051820ketescape / run awayv.Bokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1663.240
1535936705,m365ket(-ñeː)escapeBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
2162456705,m368ket ȵɛːescapeBokar Lhoba731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC711.510
454446705,s564ken-namescapevGalo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 63 GalKDG-IGL0
454686705,s564ken-namfleevGalo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 63 GalKDG-IGL0
446696705,s564ken-namabscondvGalo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 63 GalKDG-IGL0
4909596705,s1979ken◦namescapevi.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
4913576705,s1979ken◦namfleevi.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
4891646705,s1979ken◦namavoidvi.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
4940406705,s1979ken◦namrun (away)vi.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
32707867051792keescapeNishing731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 69 DafKDG-Daf0
466936705,s1444kɤ-namfleeTagin731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 83 TagKDG-Tag0
24837767051062katrunvMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2926267051065kátrun / dance / kickMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0390
299786705,23151065kát-jùywegrennen [run away]Mikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC1250
292606705353khatrun / dance / kickBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0390
555886705803kʰarunKokborok801.7.1.1Bodo1Tripuri 88PT-Kok0
292616705572katrun / dance / kickGaro811.7.1.2Garo1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0390
3030206705579khatrunGaro811.7.1.2Garo1Benedict 72 STCSTC14n500
4666846705,m1945kat-arun; run awayviGaro (Bangladesh)811.7.1.2Garo1Burling 03 GaroRB-LMMG9.316-II:idx0
4666916705,m,m,m1945kat-sit-tap-arun awayviGaro (Bangladesh)811.7.1.2Garo1Burling 03 GaroRB-LMMG9.316-II:idx0
320286705676gānleap, bound, gallop, canterJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB1730
292646705672gàtrunJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0390
314946705676gàtrunJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB3400
42151667051814kat³¹runv.Jingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1544.190
209205p,6705690kă³¹kat³¹runJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC573.470
334456p,6705679kă¹kat³¹runJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Liu 84JZ-Jingpo0
248373p,6705669ka◦katrunvJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
292676705672khàtkick, as a horseJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0390
1461886705,6705672khàt-khàt"show the heels": to hurry (also used adverbially)v.Jingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0390
29265p,6705672kə◦gàtfleeJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0390
31495p,6705676kə◦gàtrunJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB3400
29268350,6705672lə◦khàtkick, as a horseJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0390
29266p,6705672pə◦gatrun / dance / kickJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0390
42713167051851ganescape / run awayv.Motuo Menba222.1.2Bodic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1663.070
421777m,67051850toŋ³⁵ kan⁵³collide / run intov.Cuona Menba222.1.2Bodic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1550.060
42177867051852kətcollide / run intov.Qiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1550.080
42714467051816ɑt⁵⁵escape / run awayv.Dulong384Nungic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1663.20 2
1677156705146kyatrun*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR180
2873906705207khat⁵⁵chase / run afterAchang (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
42734267051823kɑ̃²²kickv.Burmese (Rangoon)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1667.270
20881967051428kɑ̃²²kickBurmese (Spoken Rangoon)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC565.400
2436576705392kankickvBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
1461896705397kankick; kick back, rebound (as a gun when fired); push off (as a boat from land); prop laterallyv.Burmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0390
4389076705406kankick; repelBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 76 WBurPKB-WBRD0
4391476705406khunjump, leap, beat ( as heart )Burmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 76 WBurPKB-WBRD0
42734167051822kɑn²kickv.Burmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1667.260
2087936705411kɑn²kickBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC565.390
45300867051965khaiʔkickMarma446.1.1Burmish1Huziwara 08 SakHK-Sak2090
21629267051034khɛʔ⁵⁵chase / run afterMaru [Langsu]446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC712.430
42154467051845kɤ³¹runv.Gazhuo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1544.470
4271716705,m,m1845kɤ³¹ka³²³ji³³escape / run awayv.Gazhuo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1663.470
2924336705879gə̀runLalo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Björverud 94SB-Lalo0
33624367051220khue̱⁵³kickNusu (Southern)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun J 86 NusuJZ-Nusu0
42734967051831khue̱⁵³kickv.Nusu (Central)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1667.340
2087966705,m1215khue⁵³ɬe³⁵kickNusu (Bijiang)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC565.450
33535167051219khuə³¹runNusu (Northern)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun J 86 NusuJZ-Nusu0
336386m,67051220kiɔ̃³⁵khɑ⁵⁵chase / run afterNusu (Southern)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun J 86 NusuJZ-Nusu0
336251m,67051220tɔ⁵⁵khuə³¹runNusu (Southern)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun J 86 NusuJZ-Nusu0
20881167051664tɕhɛ̱³³kickYi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC565.240
2087856705,m1666tʂha³³; pi̱³³kick;kick (person by animal)Yi (Nanjian)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC565.230
427841521,67051841qɑ³³qhe³³dancev.Lahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1677.430
378792521,67051841qɑ¹¹qhe⁵⁴dancenLahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0657.430
29263521,6705833qā◦qhêʔdanceLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0390
214859521,6705851qᴀ¹¹qhe³³danceLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC684.330
302582521,6705856qa¹qhe¹danceLahu (Yellow)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Chang 86JZ-Lahu0
285085521,6705943gwa⁵-hchye²danceLisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
330426705930hchye2runLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR180
292586705927hchye²run / dance / kickLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0390
2862516705943hchye²runv.Lisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
2848676705,m943hchye² (jye⁴)bolt / run awayv.Lisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
2853406705,m943hchye²-jye⁴fleeLisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
302970521,6705951kɑ⁴⁴tʃhi³⁵dancevLisu (Yongsheng)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Xu 86 LisuJZ-Lisu0
2797806705946tɕhæ⁵⁵danceVLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2797816705,m946tɕhæ⁵⁵ŋɔ²¹dancenLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
3304367051368cɛ 44runSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR180
2925967051367cɛ⁴⁴run / dance / kickSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0390
330416705234ceh HS|runAkha486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR180
292566705230cehʔ³³run / dance / kickAkha486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0390
314966705233cehˆ (<PLBrunAkha486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB3400
292576705230tjɛ́qrun / dance / kickAkha486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0390
2091976705510ɕe̱³³runHani (Dazhai)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC573.310
42153867051839ɕe̱³³runv.Hani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1544.410
4271656705,m1839ɕe̱³³du̱³³escape / run awayv.Hani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1663.410
3002976705630tɕɛ³³runHani (Gelanghe)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Li Yongsui 86 HaniJZ-Hani0
51733267051999dzɑ˩runv.Laze (Xiangjiao)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze130040
42154267051843dʑiə²¹runv.Naxi436.2Naxi1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1544.450
2092216705908dʑə³¹runNaxi (Lijiang)436.2Naxi1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC573.280

^ 1.
[Source note] [G&C 39; TSR 18] (LaPolla 1987).
^ 2.
The zero-initial in this Dulong form is unexplained.