3.0 Natural Objects, Plants, Foods > 3.2 Natural Objects > 3.2.7 Cracks/Chasms/Crevices

#665 PTB *kwar HOLE / ORIFICE / INNARDS

Reconstructed mesoroots below:

STC makes an artificial distinction between two groups of forms, one reconstructed *kor ‘valley; pit; cave’ (#349) and the other *kwar ‘hole’ (#350), here combined into a single etymon. This etymon is widely distributed in the NE Indian Areal Group, with scattered cognates elsewhere (Himalayish, Qiangic, Nungish, Bai). It appears as the last syllable in compounds referring to orifices of the body, especially EAR, NOSTRIL, ANUS, and VAGINA; occasionally also in compounds for EYE.

Sometimes, however, a similar morpheme appears as a monosyllable or as the first syllable in a compound; these cases I refer to a separate (but perhaps allofamically related) etymon #3558 NEIA *ko(n/r) EAR, with the specific meaning EAR. A key form here is Kom Rem kōr khur ‘ear canal’, with the structure #3558 NEIA *ko(n/r) EAR + *kor.

While I occasionally reconstruct *kwar for the second syllables of compounds meaning EYE (e.g. Wancho mək‑ər), there is a group of Bodo-Garo forms meaning EYE where I set up a separate (but again perhaps allofamic) etymon #3557 NEIA *gon EYE, with the specific meaning EYE. Compare Bodo ha‑khor ‘hole, valley’ vs. me‑gon ‘eye’; Garo ging‑kol ‘nostril’ vs. mik‑on ‘eye’. There is also some evidence from Monpa Tsangla for the independence of this etymon and #3557 NEIA *gon EYE: miŋ‑khor ‘eye’ vs. miŋ‑khoŋ‑(taŋ) ‘eye (< #682 PTB *s‑mik EYE + #3557 NEIA *gon EYE).

This etymon may well be related to #5748 PTB *s/m‑kwar ROUND, the common core of meaning perhaps residing in the round appearance of many holes (cf. WT kor ‘round, circular hollow in the ground, pit’).

It is often difficult to distinguish reflexes of this etymon from those of #820 PTB *(g/k)uŋ HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART, especially with respect to Loloish and Qiangic. More than one allofam are evidently involved; cf. e.g. Lahu qhɔ ‘inside; hole’ ⪤ qō ‘hollow object’.

rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
5292156652032korhole / pit / valley / cave*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Mortensen 12 TkDRM-Tk0
72298665182korpit, valley, cave*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Benedict 72 STCSTC3490
515204665,6652012kor ⪤ kwarhole / pit / valley / cave*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB5960
72299665182kwarhole, cavity*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Benedict 72 STCSTC3500
500469665b,665b1920khur ⪤ khorDITCH / HOLE / PIT / WELLn*Chin81.2Kuki-Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC4380
500320665a1920kuaHOLE / BURROW / CAVITY*Chin81.2Kuki-Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2890
5003216651920kuarHOLLOW / SUNKEN*Chin81.2Kuki-Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2900
443719m,665b1930ko khukditchPaite681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC4380
442897665a1930kuaburrowPaite681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2890
4429006651930kuaksunkenPaite681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2900
443718665b1926khúʔditchThado681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC4380
442896665a1926kùoholeThado681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2890
442895682,665a1925mit³ kua³eye socket ("eye's cavity")Tiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2890
314597682,665a1778mit³ kua³eye socketTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB11200
443720665b1928khuihole, cavityCho (Mindat)691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC4380
443721665b1929khoóholeKhumi691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC4380
443716665b1923khǔrditchLai (Falam)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC4380
443715665b,665b1947khûr ⪤ khôrditch, pitchLai (Hakha)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC4380
442892665a1947kǔaholeLai (Hakha)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2890
442893665a1923kùaholeLai (Falam)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2890
4428986651947kǔar-I, kuarʔ-IIhollowbe v.Lai (Hakha)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2900
4428996651923kǔar-INVhollowbe v.Lai (Falam)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2900
117941803,665a978hnâr-kuanostrilLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
71152665b,665b984khuar ⪤ khur|hole, cavityLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Benedict 72 STCSTC3500
443717665b1924khúrhole, a pit, a cavity, a mine, a quarrynLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC4380
71148665b984korsmall valley, ravineLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Benedict 72 STCSTC3490
169216665a975kùahole / inside of abdomenLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT4310
259015665a976kuaholeLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
442894665a1924kùahole, a burrow, a cavity, a hollownLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2890
233445665a982kùaholeLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Løffler 85 PaaLL-PRPL0
114796411,665a978mong-kuaanusLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
233444m,665a102(ra)◦kùaholePaangkhua701.2.2Central Chin1Løffler 85 PaaLL-PRPL0
162003p,811,665a862mə̆◦nɑ⁴◦kuɑ¹earLailenpi711.2.3Maraic1Luce 85GHL-PPBN.20
119914661,665b871chhu-khaovulvaLakher [Mara]711.2.3Maraic1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
117940803,442,665b871hna-pasu-khaonostrilLakher [Mara]711.2.3Maraic1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
443714665b1921khàohole in the groundnLakher [Mara]711.2.3Maraic1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC4380
115087811,m,665b871na-cha-kaoearLakher [Mara]711.2.3Maraic1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
115141811,665b871na-khaoearholeLakher [Mara]711.2.3Maraic1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
70761m,665877sisi-khorarmpit ("tickle-hole")Lakher [Mara]711.2.3Maraic1Benedict 72 STCSTC2650
2719811,665870¹nə²koearLakher [Mara]711.2.3Maraic1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1080
3097811,665870¹nə²koearholeLakher [Mara]711.2.3Maraic1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1620
162002811,665a966nɑ¹küɛ³earLothvo (Hiranpi)711.2.3Maraic1Luce 85GHL-PPBN.20
161909811,665a1700nă⁴kuɑ⁴earZotung711.2.3Maraic1Luce 85GHL-PPBN.20
1315023558,665b805kōr kʰurear canalKom Rem721.2.4“Old Kuki”0Toba 91 KRQT-KomRQ3.6.4 1
131490803,665b805nar kʰurnostrilKom Rem721.2.4“Old Kuki”0Toba 91 KRQT-KomRQ3.5.20
150230803,665b,803,665b1112nar◦khùr ~ nàr◦khùrnostrilMoyon721.2.4“Old Kuki”0Kosha 90DK-Moyon3.5.20
150242811,821,665b1112nà◦bʌ̀◦kòwrlear canalMoyon721.2.4“Old Kuki”0Kosha 90DK-Moyon3.6.40
150241811,821,665b1112na◦bʌ◦khùr ~ nàbʌ̀khùrinner earMoyon721.2.4“Old Kuki”0Kosha 90DK-Moyon3.6.30
150465661,665b,661,665b1112sòw◦khùr ~ sowr◦khùrvulva / labiaMoyon721.2.4“Old Kuki”0Kosha 90DK-Moyon10.4.20
523811811,665b2033na-korearSorbung721.2.4“Old Kuki”0Brown 37 IndoBRO18370
524130811,665b2030ná◦kʰùurear canalSorbung721.2.4“Old Kuki”0Mortensen 11 SorbungMK-SorbungBodyParts.0660
619238p,665,p,6652229a-ku ⪤ a-khənHOLE*Central Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Bruhn 14 PCNDWB-PCNIII.0790
620021p,6652226ta³◦kiʔ³holen.Ao (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Bruhn 14 PCNDWB-PCNIII.0790
258997p,665270te◦giholeAo (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
258998p,665,m273tü◦ku◦baholeAo (Mongsen: Longchang)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
450864665,m1963ku◦paʔholen.Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Coupe 07 AoARC-GMA0
451026803,6651963na-kuʔnostril ('nose' + 'hole')n.Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Coupe 07 AoARC-GMA0
450866m,665,16311963na-kù-tsəhoney (probably 'bee' + 'hole' + 'water')n.Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Coupe 07 AoARC-GMA0
620327p,6652231o¹-kuʔ³holen.Lotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Bruhn 14 PCNDWB-PCNIII.0790
132633m,803,665965khe◦no◦kvunostrilLotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Nienu 90 LotQVN-LothQ3.5.20
3165111269,665961lóŋ◦kùcaveLotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Acharya 75ACH19750
258471m,665963murg◦kuocaveLotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
259003p,665963o◦kuholeLotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
617537p,6652220o◦kvüholeLotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Murry 78LLC-ALV550
618081p,6652205a◦khiholeSangtam631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Kumar 73 SangBBK-Sangtam0
259007p,6651364a◦khiholeSangtam631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
258477m,6651364li◦khicaveSangtam631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
165427825,6651364nang◦khiearSangtam631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
618232825,6652205nang◦kuearSangtam631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Kumar 73 SangBBK-Sangtam0
3101825,6651363¹naŋ¹kiearSangtam631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1620
618324p,6652206a◦khünholeYimchungrü631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Kumar 73 YimBBK-Yim490
171784811a,665,1409,s1672mü◦khün-peng◦rüdeafYimchungrü631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
618537811a,6652206nü◦khünearYimchungrü631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Kumar 73 YimBBK-Yim340
165434811a,6651672nü◦khünearYimchungrü631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
618538811a,665,14092206nü◦khün◦peangdeafYimchungrü631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Kumar 73 YimBBK-Yim740
2720811a,6651671²nu²guearYimchungrü631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1080
3100811a,6651671²nu²guearYimchungrü631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1620
3109811a,6651671²nɯ²kɯnearYimchungrü631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1620
3112811a,6651671²nɯ²kɯnearholeYimchungrü631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1620
165423p,665,8241196a◦khwe◦laearNtenyi651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
165414m,665906cha◦kunearLiangmei641.3.3Zeme Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
3106p,665905ka-kũanearLiangmei641.3.3Zeme Group1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1620
3110811,6651346nu-kúanearRongmei / Nruanghmei641.3.3Zeme Group1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1620
3113811,6651346nu-kúanearholeRongmei / Nruanghmei641.3.3Zeme Group1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1620
171785m,665,1409,m1694be◦kun◦pang◦bedeafZeme641.3.3Zeme Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
1654351002,6651694mi◦kunearZeme641.3.3Zeme Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
31071002,6651695³mi³kənearZeme641.3.3Zeme Group1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1620
171773665,14091137kwen◦pangdeafMzieme641.3.3Zeme Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
165420m,6651137pe◦künearMzieme641.3.3Zeme Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
5289576652031kʰurhole / anus*Tangkhulic661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-Tk5220
524993m,m,6652022kə-luŋ-kʰurcave / hole (in rock)Kachai661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-TkNature.1340
524833m,811a,6652022kʰə-nɐ-kʰurear canalKachai661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-TkBodyParts.0560
259009m,6651471a◦khurholeTangkhul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
119916664,6651472hai khurvulvaTangkhul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
30300664,6651473hay(-khur)vulvaTangkhul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC1840
114799408,6651472kharaŋ◦khuranusTangkhul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
115142m,811a,6651472kha◦nā khurearholeTangkhul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
3058156651470khurholeTangkhul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Bhat 69 TNVBhat-TNV900
114800408,6651472laŋ◦khoranusTangkhul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
620786m,m,6652024po-ti-kfɯanusTusom661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-TkBodyParts.2900
526801m,m,6652025kʰə-raŋ-kʰuranusUkhrul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-Tk0
10454811,m,p,6651040na-gi mə◦khunear canalMeithei131.4Meithei1Singh 91 MeiQCYS-Meithei3.6.40
10443803,808,p,6651040na◦ton mə◦khunnostrilMeithei131.4Meithei1Singh 91 MeiQCYS-Meithei3.5.20
10650m,6651040thi◦gunanus / rectumMeithei131.4Meithei1Singh 91 MeiQCYS-Meithei9.12 2
169218m,6651038²ma²guholeMeithei131.4Meithei1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT4310
46953665,m1063kàn-chêngnose bridgeMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Grüssner 79 BPKHG-MikirQ400
166374803,6651062no◦kannoseMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
117888803,6651064no◦kannoseMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
117944803,6651064no◦kannostrilMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
46952803,6651063nò◦kànnoseMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Grüssner 79 BPKHG-MikirQ1150
46954803,6651063nò◦kànnostrilMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Grüssner 79 BPKHG-MikirQ1150
117945803,665,5450,m1064no◦kan ang◦lhornostrilMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
115093811,6651064no◦kuearMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
711512284,665358ha-khorhole, valleyBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Benedict 72 STCSTC3490
711502284,665534ha-khorcaveDimasa801.7.1.1Bodo1Benedict 72 STCSTC3490
2584852284,665531ha◦khorcaveDimasa801.7.1.1Bodo1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
556362284,665803ha-kɔhole, caveKokborok801.7.1.1Bodo1Tripuri 88PT-Kok0
55451572,665803kʰi-koranusKokborok801.7.1.1Bodo1Tripuri 88PT-Kok0
71149p,665579a-kholcaveGaro811.7.1.2Garo1Benedict 72 STCSTC3490
144858809,m,665,m581ging a'-kil-oknostrilGaro (Bangladesh)811.7.1.2Garo1Burling 92 GaBaRB-GB0
144863809,665,m581ging-kil-oknostrilGaro (Bangladesh)811.7.1.2Garo1Burling 92 GaBaRB-GB0
144864809,665581ging-kolnostrilGaro (Bangladesh)811.7.1.2Garo1Burling 92 GaBaRB-GB0
145005811,2082,p,665,m581na'-chil a'-kil-okearholeGaro (Bangladesh)811.7.1.2Garo1Burling 92 GaBaRB-GB0
145007811,2082,p,665,m581na-chil a'-kil-okearholeGaro (Bangladesh)811.7.1.2Garo1Burling 92 GaBaRB-GB0
145008811,2082,p,665581na-chil a'-kolearholeGaro (Bangladesh)811.7.1.2Garo1Burling 92 GaBaRB-GB0
145011811,2082,m,p,665,m581na-chil-ni a'-kil-okearholeGaro (Bangladesh)811.7.1.2Garo1Burling 92 GaBaRB-GB0
145012811,665581na-kolearholeGaro (Bangladesh)811.7.1.2Garo1Burling 92 GaBaRB-GB0
474236m,6651973hang•◦khalcave, holenAtong821.7.1.3Koch1van Breugel 08 AtongSVB-GA0
115099811,665294na-kurearAtong821.7.1.3Koch1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
4756431269,6651973rong•◦kholcavenAtong821.7.1.3Koch1van Breugel 08 AtongSVB-GA0
476070m,6651973taw•pa◦khalcave in SijunAtong821.7.1.3Koch1van Breugel 08 AtongSVB-GA0
78878665161gorhole / cave*Northern Naga121.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1French 83WTF-PNN5040
78075809,6651192kho kannostrilNocte841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1French 83WTF-PNN5040
78207809,6651192kʰo kannostrilNocte841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1French 83WTF-PNN5270
780741269,6651192loŋ kancaveNocte841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1French 83WTF-PNN5040
78076811,6651192na kanearholeNocte841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1French 83WTF-PNN5040
78212809,665435kuŋ kannostrilChang851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1French 83WTF-PNN5270
5189811,665786no̥ᴜ²◦kanearKhiamngan851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT3500
3096811,665786²no̥ᴜ²kanearKhiamngan851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1620
3111811,665786²no̥ᴜ◦kanearholeKhiamngan851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1620
3108811,665786²noᴜ-²kanearKhiamngan851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1620
780772284,6651632ha koncaveWancho851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1French 83WTF-PNN5040
2584802284,6651628ha◦koncaveWancho851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
78078665,m1632kan yetdenWancho851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1French 83WTF-PNN5040
78080m,6651632ko kandoorway, gateWancho851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1French 83WTF-PNN5040
78079809,6651632kuŋ kannostrilWancho851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1French 83WTF-PNN5040
115300682,6651629mək-əreyeWancho851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
115104811,6651629na-korearWancho851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
259014p,665669a◦khuholeJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
333981665679khu³³holeJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Liu 84JZ-Jingpo0
3464586651814khu³³cave / holenJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0029.190
181716665690khu³³holeJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC34.470
406676665,m1814khu³³ woʔ³¹punch a hole / perforateJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1215.190
333980m,1269,665679kin³¹loŋ³³khu³³caveJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Liu 84JZ-Jingpo0
346405m,1269,6651814kin³¹loŋ³³khu³³cave (mountain)nJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0028.190
181665m,1269,665690kin³¹loŋ³³khu³³caveJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC33.470
42177682,6651086miŋ◦kʰoreyeTsangla (Motuo)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 80 MLDSLZO-MLD0
42176682,6651086miŋ◦kʰueyeTsangla (Motuo)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 80 MLDSLZO-MLD0
711476651560korhollow in the ground, pitTibetan (Western)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Benedict 72 STCSTC3490
1475836651578korround, circular hollow in the ground, pitTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Benedict 72 STCSTC3490
80258665999kɯn²holeManang (Gyaru)232.1.4Tamangish1Nagano 84 ManYN-Man3240
126196665,m1455¹kʰoː◦paheart (locus of feelings)nTamang (Risiangku)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 91 TamQMM-TamRisQ14.2, 14.30
126255803,6651455¹na◦kalnostrilTamang (Risiangku)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 91 TamQMM-TamRisQ3.5.20
122963665,m1464kohr◦laŋliverTamang (Sahu)232.1.4Tamangish1Taylor 72 TmVoSIL-Sahu1.530
62404m,6651174nu◦gɔ:heart / locus of emotionsNewar272.2Newar1Shakya 89SH-KNw14.20
62345m,6651174nu◦gɔ:heartNewar272.2Newar1Shakya 89SH-KNw9.30
62346m,665,m,m1174nu◦gɔ: dhuku dhuku sɔneguheartbeatNewar272.2Newar1Shakya 89SH-KNw9.3.10
8821m,6651176nu◦gɔrheartNewar (Dolakhali)272.2Newar1Genetti 90 DolaCG-Dolak0
9048m,6651177nu◦gɔːheartNewar (Kathmandu)272.2Newar1Genetti 90 KathCG-Kath0
3089811,665,s910nɛk◦khoʔ◦baearLimbu312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1620
143088811,665,s912nɛk◦koʔ◦baearLimbu312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7500
115103811,665,8181543no◦ka phlāearThulung302.3.4Western Kiranti1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
181702665,8221147qu⁵⁵tu³³holeNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC34.190
181651m,6651147ɦɛ³³qu³³caveNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC33.190
407013665,8221844qu⁵³tu³¹luo³³χa³⁵pierce throughNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1222.460
346485665,8221844qu⁵⁵tu³¹cave / holenNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0029.460
129171811,665,m1319nə◦kuə̥ ʑuear canalQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 MawQSHK-MawoQ3.6.40
346403665,m1812qhu³³tɕu⁵⁵cave (mountain)nXumi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0028.170
346456665,m1812qhu³³tɕu⁵⁵cave / holenXumi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0029.170
181728665,m,m1409qhũ⁵⁵tʂũ⁵⁵tʂũ³⁵holeXumi343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC34.200
181677m,665,m1409rɛ³³qhũ⁵⁵tʂũ⁵⁵caveXumi343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC33.200
181724665,8221340khɐi duholerGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC34.120
346450665,8221806khɐi jducave / holenrGyalrong (Maerkang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0029.110
14136p,3333,665,822606ta sop kʰoi jduanus / rectumrGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Dai 89 JiarDQ-Jiarong9.120
13960p,811,665,822606tə rȵa kʰoi jduear canalrGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Dai 89 JiarDQ-Jiarong3.6.40
13925p,m,665,822606tə ɕna kʰoi jdusinusrGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Dai 89 JiarDQ-Jiarong2.60
13938p,m,665,822606tə ɕna kʰoi jdupupilrGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Dai 89 JiarDQ-Jiarong3.4.2.20
13950p,803,665,822606tə ɕna kʰoi jdunostrilrGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Dai 89 JiarDQ-Jiarong3.5.20
130053p,803,665,822616tə◦ʃna kʰɐ◦jdunostrilrGyalrong (Eastern)783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 rEQSHK-rGEQ3.5.20
70219822,6651205duŋ-khrholeAnong384Nungic1Benedict 72 STCSTC1690
71153822,6651205duŋ-khrholeAnong384Nungic1Benedict 72 STCSTC3500
501429822,6651982dəŋ³¹ khɯr³¹pitRawang384Nungic1LaPolla 03RJL-Rawang430
453731m,665,14271967li¹kuo¹luo¹heartTujia (Northern)415Tujia1Brassett 06 TujiaBBL-TL2.10
127263m,665,14271611li⁵⁵ kʰo⁵⁵ lo³⁵heartTujia415Tujia1Chen 86 TuBQCK-TujBQ9.30
43401m,665,14271616li⁵⁵ kʰo⁵⁵ lo³⁵heartTujia (Northern)415Tujia1Tian 86JZ-Tujia0
458059m,m,665,14271966wu2li1kuo1luo1cow's heartn.Tujia (Northern)415Tujia1Brassett 04 TujiaPCB-Tujia0
1816876651428gu²²caveBurmese (Spoken Rangoon)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC33.400
258484665392caveBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
3464126651822gu²cave (mountain)nBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0028.260
181661665411gu²caveBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC33.390
258483665392caveBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
1816646651215khɹɔ̃³⁵caveNusu (Bijiang)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC33.450
4617286651962khɯ³³thing, round [classifier]Yi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
4619015560,6651962la⁵⁵khɯ³³tiger's lairYi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
346423m,m,6651834ɣo²¹me²¹ɕy³³cave (mountain)nYi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0028.370
3464766651834ɕy³³cave / holenYi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0029.370
181653665,8221666khu̪⁵⁵du̪⁵⁵caveYi (Nanjian)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC33.230
346475665,8221833khu̪⁵⁵du̪⁵⁵cave / holenYi (Weishan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0029.360
346422m,6651833ʔva²¹khu̪⁵⁵cave (mountain)nYi (Weishan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0028.360
346430m,6651842a³³khro⁴⁴cave (mountain)nJinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0028.440
346483m,6651842a³³khro⁴⁴cave / holenJinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0029.440
181684m,665696a³³khɹo³³caveJinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC33.340
300722m,m,m,665700m̥i⁴²tshɑ⁵⁵ɑ³³khɹo⁴⁴caveJinuo (Youle)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Gai 86JZ-Jinuo0
301739m,665699ɑ⁴⁴khu⁴²den, cavenJinuo (Buyuan)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Gai 86JZ-Jinuo0
4974021269,6651981lū◦kócave [lit. stone-hole]NKayan (Pekon)507Karenic1Manson 10 KayanKM-Kayan0
307136m,6651235ʔə◦ʔòhole (general); denPa-O507Karenic1Solnit 89 PaODBS-PaO0
145949811,822,665309jɯ̃³³ tɯ̱²¹ kuã⁵⁵ mɯ⁵⁵ kʰɯ³¹ fv̩³³ no³³inner earBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai3.6.30
145948811,822,665309jɯ̃³³ tɯ̱²¹ kuã⁵⁵ mɯ⁵⁵ ŋua̱⁴⁴ fv̩³³ no³³outer earBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai3.6.20
80618811,822,665,m309jɯ̃³³ tɯ̱²¹ kuã⁵⁵ sɿ³³earwaxBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai3.6.60
145951811,822,665,m,m309jɯ̃³³ tɯ̱²¹ kuã⁵⁵ tɕi³³ ne̱²¹eardrumBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai3.6.50
145947811,822,665,m309jɯ̃³³ tɯ̱²¹ kuã⁵⁵ tɕĩ⁵⁵ ne̱²¹earlobeBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai3.6.10
145950811,822,665,m309jɯ̃³³ tɯ̱²¹ kuã⁵⁵ ʔuĩ³³ xɯ³¹ear canalBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai3.6.40
39096811,822,665316jɯ̃³³ tɯ̱²¹ kuɑ̃⁵⁵earBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Xu 84 BaiJZ-Bai0
192293811,822,665317jɯ̃³³tɯ²¹kuɑ̃⁵⁵earBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC241.360
3464926651846khuɑ̱̃²¹cave / holenBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0029.480
346439m,6651846ŋa⁴²khuɑ̱̃²¹cave (mountain)nBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0028.480
349192811,822,6651846ɲi³³tiə⁴²kuɑ̃⁵⁵earnBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0081.480

Chinese comparandum

窾 OC *kʼwɑ̂n, GSR #162b ‘hole, opening’; Schuessler 2007:338; Mand. kuǎn.
貫 OC *kwɑ̂n, GSR #159a ‘pierce, pass through’; Schuessler 2007:338; B & S 2011: *kˁon {kˁo[n]}; Mand. guàn.


^ 1.
This form constitutes good evidence for the independence of etyma #665 PTB *kwar HOLE / ORIFICE / INNARDS and #3558 NEIA *ko(n/r) EAR.
^ 2.
Contrast the last syllables of Meithei thi‑gun ‘anus’ (< #572 PTB *kləy BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT + *kor) and nâ‑kông ‘ear’ (< #820 PTB *(g/k)uŋ HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART).