STEDT Etymon #1722

This root looks as if it is related to #391 PTB *s‑tak HEAD.

Several forms point to a variant with back vowel, perhaps *twak ⪤ *twaŋ, e.g. WT thog‑ma ‘upper end, uppermost place’, Limbu thuŋ‑daŋ, thuŋ‑tho.

STC (p. 52) entertains the possibility that the general Kiranti root *taŋ HORN is related to this etymon, although it seems better to assign it to #371 PTB *m‑twaŋ FOREHEAD / HEAD / HAIR (OF HEAD) / HORN.

This root has developed the metaphorical extension of meaning from CARRY UPWARD into BEAR / ENDURE / CARRY A MENTAL BURDEN, in a manner quite similar to English bear (v.).

In Lahu, this root has been grammaticalized into an accusative particle, used mostly with animate objects. See DL:676-677 and Matisoff 1973/1982:3.641 (The Grammar of Lahu).

A number of Chinese comparanda have been proposed, for what is evidently a rather complicated word family.

For an allofamically related root in this semantic area, see #2725 PTB *s‑tyaŋ UPPER PART / RISE / RAISE / TOP / SUMMIT.

rn	analysis	lgid	reflex	gloss	gfn	language	grpid	grpno	grp	genetic	citation	srcabbr	srcid
303588	1722	182	(l-)\|tak	ascend, above		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Benedict 72 STC	STC	52n176
515918	1722	2012	l-\|tak	ascend / lift / raise / top		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Matisoff 03 HPTB	JAM-HPTB	614
167746	1722	179	l-\|tak	upper part / top surface		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	42(c)
515984	1722	2012	tyak	bear (endure) / suffer		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Matisoff 03 HPTB	JAM-HPTB	616
21961	1722,s	1078	tok-nam	climb, ascend		Miri, Hill	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Simon 76 Miri	IMS-HMLG
21963	1722,s	1078	toŋ-nam	ascend		Miri, Hill	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Simon 76 Miri	IMS-HMLG
248046	1722	1041	thok	rise		Meithei	13	1.4	Meithei	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL
46999	442,1722	1063	tùr-thàk	upper lip		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Grüssner 79 BP	KHG-MikirQ	92
117370	442,1722	1064	tur◦thak	upper lip		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety
304380	1722	579	dak	go, advance		Garo	81	1.7.1.2	Garo	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	123n338
31536	1722	676	thàʔ	climb, rise		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Matisoff 74 TJLB	JAM-TJLB	326
533500	1722,s	2082	thyak-pa	patience		Tibetan (Balti)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	52
421685	1722	1826	tɑʔ⁵³	wear / bear	v.	Tibetan (Batang)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1548.03
533496	1722	827	thag	bear	v.	Ladakhi	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	52
421684	1722	1815	ta⁵²	wear / bear	v.	Tibetan (Lhasa)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1548.02
533497	1722	1310	thyak	lift	v.	Purik	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	52
118772	479,1722	1568	hjin-ltag	nape		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety
304373	1722,m	1578	ltag-ma	upper part of place		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	123n338
114216	1722,s	1568	ltag-pa	upper back		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety
118774	1722,s	1568	ltag-pa	nape		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety
144776	1722,1228	1568	ltag-spu	mane		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety
146032	1722,m	1561	theg-pɑ	lift / raise / bear / endure		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Chou 72	ACST	916a-c
533501	1722,s	2083	thog-ma	upper end, uppermost place		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Matisoff 03 HPTB	JAM-HPTB	328
421686	1722	1837	ndax	wear / bear	v.	Tibetan (Xiahe)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1548.04
408383	1722	1837	ndaχ	wear (a bracelet)	v.	Tibetan (Xiahe)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1254.04
74632	1722	911	-thaŋ	on, upon, above		Limbu	31	2.3.1	Eastern Kiranti	1	Michailovsky 89 Lm	BM-Lim
74673	1722,m	911	-thuŋ◦daŋ	above, on top of		Limbu	31	2.3.1	Eastern Kiranti	1	Michailovsky 89 Lm	BM-Lim
74674	1722,m	911	-thuŋ◦tho	above, on top of		Limbu	31	2.3.1	Eastern Kiranti	1	Michailovsky 89 Lm	BM-Lim
117345	1722,473,448	913	thāŋ◦kon◦de	upper lip		Limbu	31	2.3.1	Eastern Kiranti	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety
304377	1722,m,1722,1017	1205	tha-kha / tha-lam	up, above		Anong	38	4	Nungic	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	123n338
146498	1722	146	Ntak	climb / ascend / carry on shoulder / lift up	(HIGH);	*Lolo-Burmese	42	6.1	Lolo-Burmese	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	98(a)
167836	1722	146	Ntak	climb / ascend / carry on shoulder		*Lolo-Burmese	42	6.1	Lolo-Burmese	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	98(a)
167744	1722	146	tak	upper part / top surface		*Lolo-Burmese	42	6.1	Lolo-Burmese	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	42(a)
167745	m,1722	146	V-tak	upper part / top surface		*Lolo-Burmese	42	6.1	Lolo-Burmese	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	42(b)
146499	1722	146	ʔtak	climb / ascend / carry on shoulder / lift up	(HIGH)	*Lolo-Burmese	42	6.1	Lolo-Burmese	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	98(b)
167837	1722	146	ʔtak	climb / ascend / carry on shoulder		*Lolo-Burmese	42	6.1	Lolo-Burmese	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	98(b)
288244	1722	201	tɑ³¹	ascend		Achang (Lianghe)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Dai 85 AcJZ	JZ-Achang
217872	1722	200	tɔʔ⁵⁵	ascend		Achang (Longchuan)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	743.41
287420	1722	207	ta⁵¹	ascend		Achang (Luxi)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Dai 85 AcJZ	JZ-Achang
422597	1722	1829	ta̱ʔ⁵⁵	rise / stand up	v.	Bola (Luxi)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1567.32
425224	1722	1823	tɛʔ⁴	rise / go up	v.	Burmese (Rangoon)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1623.27
217897	1722	1428	tɛʔ⁴⁴	ascend		Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	743.40
236532	1722	392	tak	ascend		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL
238976	1722	392	tak	climb	v	Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL
134397	1722	394	tak	climb up		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Hansson 89 AHKP	ILH-PL	459
437229	1722	406	tak	go up, ascend; advance, increase ( cf. tha' )		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Benedict 76 WBur	PKB-WBRD
304378	1722	409	tak	ascend		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	123n338
217871	1722	411	tɑk	ascend		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	743.39
425223	1722	1822	tɑk⁴	rise / go up	v.	Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1623.26
233569	1722	653	tᴜ̀ʔ	ascend		Hpun (Northern)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Henderson 86 Hpun	EJAH-Hpun
453047	1722	1965	taʔ	ascend / go up		Marma	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huziwara 08 Sak	HK-Sak	236
217873	1722	1034	tɔʔ³¹	ascend		Maru [Langsu]	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	743.43
425227	1722	1827	toʔ²¹	rise / go up	v.	Atsi [Zaiwa]	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1623.30
217898	1722	1693	toʔ²¹	ascend		Atsi [Zaiwa]	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	743.42
12050	1722	152	ʔ-\|dakᴴ	ascend		*Loloish	45	6.1.2	Loloish	1	Bradley 79 PLo	DB-PLolo	652
291958	1722	879	diq	ascend / go up		Lalo	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Björverud 94	SB-Lalo
146474	1722	972	da 22s\|	climb / ascend / carry on shoulder / lift up		Luquan	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	98(a)
146479	1722	972	ta 22s\|	climb / ascend / carry on shoulder / lift up		Luquan	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	98(b)
146475	1722	1152	da 44\|	climb / ascend / carry on shoulder / lift up		Nasu	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	98(a)
146480	1722	1152	ta 32s\|	climb / ascend / carry on shoulder / lift up		Nasu	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	98(b)
217888	1722	1658	da³³	ascend		Yi (Dafang)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	743.22
217864	1722	1662	de̱³³	ascend		Yi (Mile)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	743.25
218272	1722,m	1662	de̱³³lɛ³³	rise (of the sun)		Yi (Mile)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	751.25
217890	1722	1663	de̱³³	ascend		Yi (Mojiang)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	743.26
217889	1722	1664	de̱³³	ascend		Yi (Nanhua)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	743.24
217863	1722	1666	di̱³³	ascend		Yi (Nanjian)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	743.23
146477	1722	214	tie⁴⁴	climb / ascend / carry on shoulder / lift up		Ahi	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	98(b)
421308	1722	1841	tɑ⁵⁴	climb up (a tree)	v.	Lahu (Lancang)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1539.43
31537	1722	838	tâʔ	climb, rise		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 74 TJLB	JAM-TJLB	326
146476	1722	839	tâʔ	climb / ascend / carry on shoulder / lift up		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	98(b)
33172	1722	839	thàʔ	functor: obj. Pn (< TOP SURFAC		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	42(b)
217868	1722	851	tᴀ⁵⁴	ascend		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	743.33
33171	p,1722	839	ɔ̀-thàʔ	upper part / top surface		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	42(b)
302651	1722	856	ta⁶	ascend		Lahu (Yellow)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Chang 86	JZ-Lahu
146473	1722	930	dá3	climb / ascend / carry on shoulder / lift up		Lisu	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	98(a)
284734	1722	943	dá³ (jye⁴)	ascend		Lisu (Central)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Fraser 22	JF-HLL
273543	1722	946	dæ³³	climb; ascend; rise	V	Lisu (Northern)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Bradley 94 Lisu	DB-Lisu
425237	1722	1838	dɛ̱³³	rise / go up	v.	Lisu	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1623.40
217865	1722	942	dɛ⁴⁴	ascend		Lisu	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	743.27
273148	m,1722	946	tʃhɿ²¹dæ³³	rise; ascend, escalate		Lisu (Northern)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Bradley 94 Lisu	DB-Lisu
146471	1722	1368	de 44\|	climb / ascend / carry on shoulder / lift up		Sani [Nyi]	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	98(a)
146470	1722	234	da HS\|	climb / ascend / carry on shoulder / lift up		Akha	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	98(a)
117379	m,1722	229	meh˯ taˆ	upper lip		Akha	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety
146472	1722	631	da 33c\|	climb / ascend / carry on shoulder / lift up		Hani (Hu T’an)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	98(a)
217867	1722	510	da̱³³	ascend		Hani (Dazhai)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	743.31
218275	1722	510	da̱³³	rise (of the sun)		Hani (Dazhai)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	751.31
425238	1722,m	1839	da̱³³la⁵⁵	rise / go up	v.	Hani (Lüchun)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1623.41
432952	m,1722	1839	xɯ³¹da̱³³	go up (water level) / rise	v.	Hani (Lüchun)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1787.41
217892	1722	418	ta̱³³	ascend		Hani (Caiyuan)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	743.30
218300	1722,2718	418	ta̱³³; tv̱⁵⁵	rise (of the sun)		Hani (Caiyuan)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	751.30
300455	m,1722	630	le³³da̱³³	ascend		Hani (Gelanghe)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Li Yongsui 86 Hani	JZ-Hani
217893	1722	1416	ta³³	ascend		Hani (Shuikui)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	743.32
218301	1722,m	1416	ta³³lɔ⁵⁵	rise (of the sun)		Hani (Shuikui)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	751.32
425239	1722,m	1840	ta³³lɔ⁵⁵	rise / go up	v.	Hani (Mojiang)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1623.42
521007	1722	2018	tjɛ³³	ascend		Southern Muji	75	6.1.2.4	Southeastern Loloish	1	Pelkey 11 Phula	JP-CPL	802
522218	1722	2019	dɛ¹³	ascend		Hlepho Phowa	75	6.1.2.4	Southeastern Loloish	1	Pelkey 11 Phula	JP-CPL	802
519808	1722	2017	di⁵⁵	ascend		Phuza	75	6.1.2.4	Southeastern Loloish	1	Pelkey 11 Phula	JP-CPL	802
217866	1722	1676	do³³	ascend		Naxi (Yongning)	43	6.2	Naxi	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	743.29
217891	1722,m	908	ndo³³;tʂhuɑ⁵⁵	ascend		Naxi (Lijiang)	43	6.2	Naxi	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	743.28
621389	1722	481	d̂i̯əng	lift; to present; support, assist		Chinese (Old/Mid)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Karlgren 57 GSR	GSR	896c
20505	1722	480	ti̯ək	mount / advance / promote		Chinese (Old/Mid)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Chou 72	ACST	916a-c

analysis

lgid

reflex

gloss

gfn

language

grpid

grpno

grp

genetic

citation

srcabbr

srcid

303588

1722

182

(l-)|tak

ascend, above

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Benedict 72 STC

STC

52n176

515918

1722

2012

l-|tak

ascend / lift / raise / top

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Matisoff 03 HPTB

JAM-HPTB

614

167746

1722

179

l-|tak

upper part / top surface

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

42(c)

515984

1722

2012

tyak

bear (endure) / suffer

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Matisoff 03 HPTB

JAM-HPTB

616

21961

1722,s

1078

tok-nam

climb, ascend

Miri, Hill

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Simon 76 Miri

IMS-HMLG

21963

1722,s

1078

toŋ-nam

ascend

Miri, Hill

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Simon 76 Miri

IMS-HMLG

248046

1722

1041

thok

rise

Meithei

1.4

Meithei

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

46999

442,1722

1063

tùr-thàk

upper lip

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Grüssner 79 BP

KHG-MikirQ

117370

442,1722

1064

tur◦thak

upper lip

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

304380

1722

579

dak

go, advance

Garo

1.7.1.2

Garo

Benedict 72 STC

STC

123n338

31536

1722

676

thàʔ

climb, rise

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Matisoff 74 TJLB

JAM-TJLB

326

533500

1722,s

2082

thyak-pa

patience

Tibetan (Balti)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Benedict 72 STC

STC

421685

1722

1826

tɑʔ⁵³

wear / bear

Tibetan (Batang)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

1548.03

533496

1722

827

thag

bear

Ladakhi

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Benedict 72 STC

STC

421684

1722

1815

ta⁵²

wear / bear

Tibetan (Lhasa)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

1548.02

533497

1722

1310

thyak

lift

Purik

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Benedict 72 STC

STC

118772

479,1722

1568

hjin-ltag

nape

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

304373

1722,m

1578

ltag-ma

upper part of place

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Benedict 72 STC

STC

123n338

114216

1722,s

1568

ltag-pa

upper back

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

118774

1722,s

1568

ltag-pa

nape

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

144776

1722,1228

1568

ltag-spu

mane

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

146032

1722,m

1561

theg-pɑ

lift / raise / bear / endure

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Chou 72

ACST

916a-c

533501

1722,s

2083

thog-ma

upper end, uppermost place

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Matisoff 03 HPTB

JAM-HPTB

328

421686

1722

1837

ndax

wear / bear

Tibetan (Xiahe)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

1548.04

408383

1722

1837

ndaχ

wear (a bracelet)

Tibetan (Xiahe)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

1254.04

74632

1722

911

-thaŋ

on, upon, above

Limbu

2.3.1

Eastern Kiranti

Michailovsky 89 Lm

BM-Lim

74673

1722,m

911

-thuŋ◦daŋ

above, on top of

Limbu

2.3.1

Eastern Kiranti

Michailovsky 89 Lm

BM-Lim

74674

1722,m

911

-thuŋ◦tho

above, on top of

Limbu

2.3.1

Eastern Kiranti

Michailovsky 89 Lm

BM-Lim

117345

1722,473,448

913

thāŋ◦kon◦de

upper lip

Limbu

2.3.1

Eastern Kiranti

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

304377

1722,m,1722,1017

1205

tha-kha / tha-lam

up, above

Anong

Nungic

Benedict 72 STC

STC

123n338

146498

1722

146

Ntak

climb / ascend / carry on shoulder / lift up

(HIGH);

*Lolo-Burmese

6.1

Lolo-Burmese

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

98(a)

167836

1722

146

Ntak

climb / ascend / carry on shoulder

*Lolo-Burmese

6.1

Lolo-Burmese

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

98(a)

167744

1722

146

tak

upper part / top surface

*Lolo-Burmese

6.1

Lolo-Burmese

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

42(a)

167745

m,1722

146

V-tak

upper part / top surface

*Lolo-Burmese

6.1

Lolo-Burmese

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

42(b)

146499

1722

146

ʔtak

climb / ascend / carry on shoulder / lift up

(HIGH)

*Lolo-Burmese

6.1

Lolo-Burmese

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

98(b)

167837

1722

146

ʔtak

climb / ascend / carry on shoulder

*Lolo-Burmese

6.1

Lolo-Burmese

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

98(b)

288244

1722

201

tɑ³¹

ascend

Achang (Lianghe)

6.1.1

Burmish

Dai 85 AcJZ

JZ-Achang

217872

1722

200

tɔʔ⁵⁵

ascend

Achang (Longchuan)

6.1.1

Burmish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

743.41

287420

1722

207

ta⁵¹

ascend

Achang (Luxi)

6.1.1

Burmish

Dai 85 AcJZ

JZ-Achang

422597

1722

1829

ta̱ʔ⁵⁵

rise / stand up

Bola (Luxi)

6.1.1

Burmish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

1567.32

425224

1722

1823

tɛʔ⁴

rise / go up

Burmese (Rangoon)

6.1.1

Burmish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

1623.27

217897

1722

1428

tɛʔ⁴⁴

ascend

Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)

6.1.1

Burmish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

743.40

236532

1722

392

tak

ascend

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

238976

1722

392

tak

climb

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

134397

1722

394

tak

climb up

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Hansson 89 AHKP

ILH-PL

459

437229

1722

406

tak

go up, ascend; advance, increase ( cf. tha' )

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Benedict 76 WBur

PKB-WBRD

304378

1722

409

tak

ascend

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Benedict 72 STC

STC

123n338

217871

1722

411

tɑk

ascend

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

743.39

425223

1722

1822

tɑk⁴

rise / go up

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

1623.26

233569

1722

653

tᴜ̀ʔ

ascend

Hpun (Northern)

6.1.1

Burmish

Henderson 86 Hpun

EJAH-Hpun

453047

1722

1965

taʔ

ascend / go up

Marma

6.1.1

Burmish

Huziwara 08 Sak

HK-Sak

236

217873

1722

1034

tɔʔ³¹

ascend

Maru [Langsu]

6.1.1

Burmish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

743.43

425227

1722

1827

toʔ²¹

rise / go up

Atsi [Zaiwa]

6.1.1

Burmish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

1623.30

217898

1722

1693

toʔ²¹

ascend

Atsi [Zaiwa]

6.1.1

Burmish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

743.42

12050

1722

152

ʔ-|dakᴴ

ascend

*Loloish

6.1.2

Loloish

Bradley 79 PLo

DB-PLolo

652

291958

1722

879

diq

ascend / go up

Lalo

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Björverud 94

SB-Lalo

146474

1722

972

da 22s|

climb / ascend / carry on shoulder / lift up

Luquan

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

98(a)

146479

1722

972

ta 22s|

climb / ascend / carry on shoulder / lift up

Luquan

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

98(b)

146475

1722

1152

da 44|

climb / ascend / carry on shoulder / lift up

Nasu

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

98(a)

146480

1722

1152

ta 32s|

climb / ascend / carry on shoulder / lift up

Nasu

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

98(b)

217888

1722

1658

da³³

ascend

Yi (Dafang)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

743.22

217864

1722

1662

de̱³³

ascend

Yi (Mile)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

743.25

218272

1722,m

1662

de̱³³lɛ³³

rise (of the sun)

Yi (Mile)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

751.25

217890

1722

1663

de̱³³

ascend

Yi (Mojiang)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

743.26

217889

1722

1664

de̱³³

ascend

Yi (Nanhua)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

743.24

217863

1722

1666

di̱³³

ascend

Yi (Nanjian)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

743.23

146477

1722

214

tie⁴⁴

climb / ascend / carry on shoulder / lift up

Ahi

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

98(b)

421308

1722

1841

tɑ⁵⁴

climb up (a tree)

Lahu (Lancang)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

1539.43

31537

1722

838

tâʔ

climb, rise

Lahu (Black)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 74 TJLB

JAM-TJLB

326

146476

1722

839

tâʔ

climb / ascend / carry on shoulder / lift up

Lahu (Black)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

98(b)

33172

1722

839

thàʔ

functor: obj. Pn (< TOP SURFAC

Lahu (Black)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

42(b)

217868

1722

851

tᴀ⁵⁴

ascend

Lahu (Black)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

743.33

33171

p,1722

839

ɔ̀-thàʔ

upper part / top surface

Lahu (Black)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

42(b)

302651

1722

856

ta⁶

ascend

Lahu (Yellow)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Chang 86

JZ-Lahu

146473

1722

930

dá3

climb / ascend / carry on shoulder / lift up

Lisu

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

98(a)

284734

1722

943

dá³ (jye⁴)

ascend

Lisu (Central)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Fraser 22

JF-HLL

273543

1722

946

dæ³³

climb; ascend; rise

Lisu (Northern)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Bradley 94 Lisu

DB-Lisu

425237

1722

1838

dɛ̱³³

rise / go up

Lisu

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

1623.40

217865

1722

942

dɛ⁴⁴

ascend

Lisu

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

743.27

273148

m,1722

946

tʃhɿ²¹dæ³³

rise; ascend, escalate

Lisu (Northern)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Bradley 94 Lisu

DB-Lisu

146471

1722

1368

de 44|

climb / ascend / carry on shoulder / lift up

Sani [Nyi]

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

98(a)

146470

1722

234

da HS|

climb / ascend / carry on shoulder / lift up

Akha

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

98(a)

117379

m,1722

229

meh˯ taˆ

upper lip

Akha

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

146472

1722

631

da 33c|

climb / ascend / carry on shoulder / lift up

Hani (Hu T’an)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

98(a)

217867

1722

510

da̱³³

ascend

Hani (Dazhai)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

743.31

218275

1722

510

da̱³³

rise (of the sun)

Hani (Dazhai)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

751.31

425238

1722,m

1839

da̱³³la⁵⁵

rise / go up

Hani (Lüchun)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

1623.41

432952

m,1722

1839

xɯ³¹da̱³³

go up (water level) / rise

Hani (Lüchun)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

1787.41

217892

1722

418

ta̱³³

ascend

Hani (Caiyuan)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

743.30

218300

1722,2718

418

ta̱³³; tv̱⁵⁵

rise (of the sun)

Hani (Caiyuan)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

751.30

300455

m,1722

630

le³³da̱³³

ascend

Hani (Gelanghe)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Li Yongsui 86 Hani

JZ-Hani

217893

1722

1416

ta³³

ascend

Hani (Shuikui)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

743.32

218301

1722,m

1416

ta³³lɔ⁵⁵

rise (of the sun)

Hani (Shuikui)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

751.32

425239

1722,m

1840

ta³³lɔ⁵⁵

rise / go up

Hani (Mojiang)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

1623.42

521007

1722

2018

tjɛ³³

ascend

Southern Muji

6.1.2.4

Southeastern Loloish

Pelkey 11 Phula

JP-CPL

802

522218

1722

2019

dɛ¹³

ascend

Hlepho Phowa

6.1.2.4

Southeastern Loloish

Pelkey 11 Phula

JP-CPL

802

519808

1722

2017

di⁵⁵

ascend

Phuza

6.1.2.4

Southeastern Loloish

Pelkey 11 Phula

JP-CPL

802

217866

1722

1676

do³³

ascend

Naxi (Yongning)

6.2

Naxi

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

743.29

217891

1722,m

908

ndo³³;tʂhuɑ⁵⁵

ascend

Naxi (Lijiang)

6.2

Naxi

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

743.28

621389

1722

481

d̂i̯əng

lift; to present; support, assist

Chinese (Old/Mid)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Karlgren 57 GSR

GSR

896c

20505

1722

480

ti̯ək

mount / advance / promote

Chinese (Old/Mid)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Chou 72

ACST

916a-c

Chinese comparandum

陟 OC *ti̯ĕk, GSR #916a-c ‘ascend, promote’; Schuessler 2007:619 *trək; B & S 2011: *trək; Mand. zhì.
拓 tuò

^ 1.

Lahu has developed two allofams of this root: the verb tâʔ from PLB *ʔtakᴴ, meaning both ASCEND and HOIST / CARRY ON SHOULDERS, and the spatial noun thàʔ UPPER SURFACE from PLB *C‑takᴸ, the latter ultimately grammaticalizing to thàʔ ACCUSATIVE PARTICLE. See LTSR #42, Matisoff 1973/1982: p. 158, DL:676.

#1722 PTB *l-t(y)ak UPPER SURFACE / TOP / ABOVE / CLIMB / LIFT / ASCEND / PALATE

Chinese comparandum