1.0 The Body > 1.5 Limbs, Joints, and Body Measures > 1.5.1 Hand, Arm, Wing

#731 PTB *g-(t)syəw-k/ŋ WING / HAND

The nasal-final allofam of this widespread root is attested in Chepang and Nungic. Note the semantic association in Tibetan between WING and SIDE OF BODY. The velar prefix shows up in Tibetan and Qiangic.

It is sometimes difficult to distinguish reflexes of this etymon from those of #737 PTB *s/k‑la ARM / HAND / WING.

There is a Chinese comparandum.

rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
20097731164tśəwhand*Sino-Tibetan10Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)0Chou 72ACST1101a-b0
5160407312012tsyəwhand*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB6170
1728107311364khyowingSangtam631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
164999m,731,2401018wai◦chu◦kungarmMaram641.3.3Zeme Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
5410m,7311346ka-shûwingRongmei / Nruanghmei641.3.3Zeme Group1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT4810
505695731,2401347su◦kangwingRongmei / Nruanghmei641.3.3Zeme Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
1688607311628chukarmWancho851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL 1
128258731,s378šok◦pawing (of bird)Bunan202.1.1Western Himalayish0Sharma, S.R. 91 BuSBN-BunQ6.1.90
128285731,s378šok◦pafeather (of bird)Bunan202.1.1Western Himalayish0Sharma, S.R. 91 BuSBN-BunQ8.1.50
126456731,s319ʃuɛ³⁵ pɑ⁵³wing (of bird)Baima222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 91 BaimSHK-BaimaQ6.1.90
42199m,731,s1086mu◦tʂu◦mahandTsangla (Motuo)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 80 MLDSLZO-MLD0
39514731,7061093ɕom⁵⁵ pek⁵⁵wingTshona (Wenlang)222.1.2Bodic1Lu 86 CuoMJZ-CNMenba 2
41976731,s1090ɕɔk⁵⁵ pᴀ⁵³wingTshona (Mama)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 80 MLDSLZO-MLD0
188708731,s1092ɕɔk⁵⁵pᴀ⁵³wingTshona (Mama)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC171.60
360527731,s1850ɕɔk⁵⁵pa⁵³wingnCuona Menba222.1.2Bodic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0298.060
3605267311848ɣɕok kwawingnTibetan (Alike)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0298.050
188707731,m1550ɕok kwawingTibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC171.40
188683731,m1585ɣɕok kwawingTibetan (Amdo:Zeku)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC171.50
1161911228,731702pu-jyaqhair (body); featherTibetan (Jirel)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
269768731,s701syok◦pāqwingnTibetan (Jirel)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN03a.0140
188682731,s1380xo⁵³pa⁵³wingTibetan (Khams:Dege)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC171.30
188706731,s1557ɕok⁵³pa⁵³wingTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC171.20
360523731,s1815ɕok⁵⁵pa⁵⁵wingnTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0298.020
2697691228,7311402pu◦šokqwingnTibetan (Sherpa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN03a.0140
126801731,s1407shōk◦pafin (of fish)Tibetan (Sherpa:Helambu)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Bishop 89B-ShrpaHQ6.1.80
126802731,s1407shōk◦pawing (of bird)Tibetan (Sherpa:Helambu)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Bishop 89B-ShrpaHQ6.1.90
127043m,7311426cha◦šokwing (of bird)Spiti242.1.2.1Tibetan1Bodh 91CB-SpitiQ6.1.90
126940682,7311426mik šokeyelidSpiti242.1.2.1Tibetan1Bodh 91CB-SpitiQ3.4.10
126943682,731,12281426mik◦šok◦pueyelashSpiti242.1.2.1Tibetan1Bodh 91CB-SpitiQ3.4.40
516212731,s1567gs̀og-pawingTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED5630
1193027311568gz̀ogsside of bodyTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
360522731,s1804gɕog pawingnTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0298.010
188681731,s1582gɕog pawing, feather, finTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC171.10
115419682,7311568mig-gs̀ogeyelashTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
169225803,7311568sna-gšogsalae nasiTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety3170
164886m,7311565snam [-gz̀ogs]|side of bodyTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Luce 85GHL-PPBX.2040
516210731,s1567sug-pahand (medical)Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED5740
516211731,s1567s̀og-pawingTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED5630
233174731,m1567ɣs̀og-ldɑ́nbird / provided with wings /Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
233173731,m,m1567ɣs̀óg-pɑ-c̀ɑnbird / provided with wings /Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
172824731,s1564ʃog◦pawingTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
360525731,m1837ɕoχ kwawingnTibetan (Xiahe)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0298.040
115430682,731894mik-shikeyelid; edges of lidLepcha212.1.3Lepcha1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
516213m,7312010ku◦chofeatherLimbu312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Chemjong 62ISC-LNED0
74430731911tsoqlong tail-feathers of a cockLimbu312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Michailovsky 89 LmBM-Lim0
143370731135chukhand*Kul-Cham-Ban762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7860
143374731324chukhandBantawa762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7860
51105731327chukhandBantawa762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Rai 85 BnDsNKR-Bant0
79410731328chukhandBantawa762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Rai 84 BnDcWW-Bant200
79411731328chuk-bopelbowBantawa762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Rai 84 BnDcWW-Bant200
79412731,m,331,m328chuk-ku-si(-ma)fingerBantawa762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Rai 84 BnDcWW-Bant200
79413731328chuk-phembalakpawBantawa762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Rai 84 BnDcWW-Bant200
79414731,331,m328chuk-si-mafingerBantawa762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Rai 84 BnDcWW-Bant200
51106731,m,331327chuk◦ku◦sifingerBantawa762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Rai 85 BnDsNKR-Bant0
143373731323tshukhandBantawa762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7860
115654731,m,331325tshu◦ku◦sifingerBantawa762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
143265731,m,331,m323tshu◦ku◦si◦mafingerBantawa762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7710
115655731,m,331,m325tsu◦ku◦si◦mafingerBantawa762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
143372731424chuhandChamling762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7860
79626731425chuhandChamling762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Winter 85WW-Cham90
79627731425chukhandChamling762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Winter 85WW-Cham90
79628731425chuk◦se*fingerChamling762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Winter 85WW-Cham90
79629731425chu◦se*fingerChamling762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Winter 85WW-Cham90
143264731821chok◦chomafingerKulung762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7710
143371731821chok◦chomafingerKulung762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7860
61235731822chok◦chomefingerKulung762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Rai 75 KulRPHH-Kul0
487014731,7561977syuŋ.papfeathers, main wing pinionsn.Chepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 00 ChepangRC-DOC0
2349137311494čǐụwingTangut [Xixia]333.1Tangut1Nishida 64 TanNT-SGK305-0830
4692487311970tśjụwingTangut [Xixia]333.1Tangut1Li 97 TangutLFW199714200
360529731,s1852gzɪj pɑwingnQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0298.080
1292531603,m,731,7131319wu◦ək ɣzi ɣuæʴwing (of bird)Qiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 MawQSHK-MawoQ6.1.90
17928731,7131325ɣzei fɑwingQiang (Yadu)343.2Qiangic1Dai 89 QianDQ-QiangN3700
360535711,7311809ndu³³ʐə⁵⁵wingnZhaba (Daofu County)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0298.140
13634p,731559v◦dzowing (of bird)Ergong (Daofu)353.3rGyalrongic1Dai 89 DaofDQ-Daofu6.1.90
129611p,731558v◦dzowing (of bird)Ergong (Danba)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 ErDQSHK-ErgDQ6.1.90
188712p,731557v◦dzowingErgong (Danba)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC171.140
1285222187,731,m560ʁbio³³ χɕok⁵³ pa³³wing (of bird)Ergong (Northern)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 ErNQSHK-ErgNQ6.1.90
129603735,731558ʑa kʂɯarmErgong (Danba)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 ErDQSHK-ErgDQ6.10
192894735,731557ʑa kʂɯarmErgong (Danba)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC253.140
350409m,7311817ɹɑ³¹tshuŋ⁵⁵armnbpNung384Nungic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0105.210
192909m,731269ɹɑ³¹tshuŋ⁵⁵armAnong384Nungic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC253.440
350426695,1327,7311835lɑ̱⁵⁵pv̩³³tsu̱²armnbpYi (Wuding)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0105.380
236074695,695,7311284là/lə̆◦sùphandCôông [Phunoi]486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Bradley 79 PLoDB-PLolo 3
57986731122cùhhand / arm*Karen507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS1740
57113731126cùqhand / arm*Karen (TP)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS1740
57118731124cỳhhand / arm*Karen (Pwo-Sgaw)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS1740
57115731123súqhand / arm*Karen (Pwo)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS1740
57120731125hand / arm*Karen (Sgaw)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS1740
20096731119tsühand / arm*Karen507Karenic1Chou 72ACST1101a-b0
3043907311736tsüarm / hand*Karen507Karenic1Benedict 72 STCSTC128n3500
3048207311736tsühand / arm*Karen507Karenic1Benedict 72 STCSTC170n4550
350538731,7731849tsy̱³¹de̱⁵⁵handnbpKaren507Karenic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0107.500
350893731,m,m1849tsy̱³¹khă³¹nu³¹fistnKaren507Karenic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0114.500
3071437311235arm, hand, finger (in cpds)Pa-O507Karenic1Solnit 89 PaODBS-PaO0
571147311242hand / armPa-O507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS1740
307158731,m1235cù jāpalm of handPa-O507Karenic1Solnit 89 PaODBS-PaO0
307156731,m1235cù khóhand, back of handPa-O507Karenic1Solnit 89 PaODBS-PaO0
307155731,m1235cù thōmfist (2)Pa-O507Karenic1Solnit 89 PaODBS-PaO0
307154731,m1235cù tópfistPa-O507Karenic1Solnit 89 PaODBS-PaO0
571197311259cùqhand / armPalaychi507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS1740
57205731,m1259zù◦kə̀qwing (shoulder)Palaychi507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS2190
571177311272hand / armPwo (Bassein)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS1740
571167311279súʔhand / armPwo (Moulmein)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS1740
571227311394hand / armSgaw (Bassein)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS1740
14917731,773746tsy̱³¹ de̱⁵⁵handKaren (Sgaw/Hinthada)507Karenic1Dai 89 KarBDQ-KarenB1330
571217311399hand / armSgaw (Moulmein)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS1740
14705731747su⁵⁵armKaren (Sgaw/Yue)507Karenic1Dai 89 KarADQ-KarenA1310
14707731747su⁵⁵handKaren (Sgaw/Yue)507Karenic1Dai 89 KarADQ-KarenA1330
14717731,m747su⁵⁵ kʰo³¹fistKaren (Sgaw/Yue)507Karenic1Dai 89 KarADQ-KarenA1420
38837731310ʂi³³handBai (Bijiang)518Bai1Xu 84 BaiJZ-Bai0
192778731311ʂi³³handBai (Bijiang)518Bai1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC251.370
38838731,1327310ʂi³³ pɑ̱̃⁴²armBai (Bijiang)518Bai1Xu 84 BaiJZ-Bai0
38839731,m,m310ʂi³³ tʂeʴ³³ ʈɯ̱²¹fingerBai (Bijiang)518Bai1Xu 84 BaiJZ-Bai0
38840731,m,m,m310ʂi³³ tʂeʴ³³ ʈɯ̱²¹ qɑ̱⁴⁴fingernailBai (Bijiang)518Bai1Xu 84 BaiJZ-Bai0
192829731,m,m311ʂi³³jo⁴⁴ȵeʴ⁵⁵fistBai (Bijiang)518Bai1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC252.370
192880731,1327311ʂi³³pɑ̃⁴²armBai (Bijiang)518Bai1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC253.370
192931731,m,m311ʂi³³tʂeʴ³³tʂi³³elbowBai (Bijiang)518Bai1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC254.370
192982731,m,m311ʂi³³tʂeʴ³³ʈɯ²¹fingerBai (Bijiang)518Bai1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC255.370
199102731,m,m,m311ʂi³³tʂeʴ³³ʈɯ²¹queʴ⁵⁵ringBai (Bijiang)518Bai1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC375.370
193033731,m,m,m311ʂi³³tʂeʴ³³ʈɯ²¹qɑ⁴⁴fingernailBai (Bijiang)518Bai1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC256.370
3262017311793sö 2handBai (Dali)518Bai1Dell 81Dell-Bai4460
326202731,m,m1793sö tso tsw 221elbowBai (Dali)518Bai1Dell 81Dell-Bai4470
19212731312sø²handBai (Dali)518Bai1Dell 81FD-Baipp.150-1690
19213731,m,m312sø² tɕo² tɕɿ¹elbow, wristBai (Dali)518Bai1Dell 81FD-Baipp.150-1690
38972731313sɯ³³handBai (Dali)518Bai1Xu 84 BaiJZ-Bai0
192777731314sɯ³³handBai (Dali)518Bai1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC251.350
38973731,1327,s313sɯ³³ pɑ̃³¹ tsi³³armBai (Dali)518Bai1Xu 84 BaiJZ-Bai0
192930731,m,m314sɯ³³kueʴ³¹tsi⁴⁴elbowBai (Dali)518Bai1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC254.350
192879731,1327,s314sɯ³³pɑ⁴²tsi⁴⁴armBai (Dali)518Bai1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC253.350
39107731316sɯ³³handBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Xu 84 BaiJZ-Bai0
192803731317sɯ³³handBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC251.360
80738731309sɯ³³handBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai6.1.70
80733731,m,m309sɯ³³ kuæ³¹ tsɿ³³elbowBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai6.1.40
80734731,m,m309sɯ³³ kuæ³¹ tsɿ³³elbow boneBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai6.1.4.10
80735731,m,m309sɯ³³ kʰv̱ˌ⁴⁴ tsɿ³³inner elbow / crook of elbowBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai6.1.4.20
80740731,m,m309sɯ³³ to̱⁴² pe̱⁴²back of handBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai6.1.7.20
192956731,m,m317sɯ³³kue³¹tsi³³elbowBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC254.360
3505367311846sɿ³³handnbpBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0107.480
350486731,m,m,m1846sɿ³³tse̱³³tsɿ³³tse̱³³elbownbpBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0106.480
20567731480śi̯ôg/śi̯ə̯uhandChinese (Old/Mid)539.0.1Old Chinese0Chou 72ACST1101a-b0
169672731481śi̯ôg/śi̯ə̯u:handChinese (Old/Mid)539.0.1Old Chinese0Karlgren 57 GSRGSR1101a-b0
294579731471hjuʔhandChinese (Old)539.0.1Old Chinese0Baxter 92WHB-OC2740
161712731472sí̯ôghand, armChinese (Old)539.0.1Old Chinese0Luce 85GHL-PPBG.630
163478731472śi̯ôghandChinese (Old)539.0.1Old Chinese0Luce 85GHL-PPBU.330
369517311011shoouhandChinese (Mandarin)559.0.3Modern Chinese0Sun J 85 ChGlJS-Ch3410
1424497311010shǒuhandChinese (Mandarin)559.0.3Modern Chinese0Evans 91ELS-CLL0
1701687311007shouhandChinese (Mandarin)559.0.3Modern Chinese0Karlgren 57 GSRGSR1101a-b0

Chinese comparandum

手 OC *śi̯ôg GSR #1101a-b ‘hand’; Li 1971/76: (*hrjəgwx); Baxter 1992 #274: *hjuʔ; B & S 2011: *n̥uʔ; Schuessler 2007:469; Mand. shǒu.

ZJH: Contra Karlgren’s GSR reconstruction, this Chinese word certainly did not begin with a coronal fricative in Chinese. More recent scholarship shows that the initial was a voiceless resonant of some sort. The comparison with the PTB root is therefore unsustainable.


^ 1.
Cf. also Wancho tśak ‘arm’ under #699 PTB *d‑yak HAND / ARM / LEAF.
^ 2.
Note the assimilation of the medial consonants.
^ 3.
The final consonant in Phunoi sùp has perhaps assimilated to the preceding vowel.