STEDT Etymon #71

This etymon constitutes a large set in STC (#404), where it was originally reconstructed with *‑a‑ ⪤ *‑i‑ variation at the PTB level: *s‑riŋ ⪤ *s‑raŋ. Benedict later changed the reconstruction to *śriŋ (n. 252, n.128), explaining the ‑a‑ in WB hraŋ as being ‘conditioned by the initial cluster’. I find this revision unconvincing, and prefer to posit vocalic variation at the proto-level. (This is similar to the *‑ya‑ ⪤* ‑i‑ variation found in several roots, notably EYE and PHEASANT. See STC pp. 84-5, VSTB pp. 40-1.) There is an excellent Chinese comparandum, 生, reconstructed in GSR #812a-d as OC *sĕng/MC ṣɒng; Mand. shēng. But here too Karlgren notes an irregular vocalic development from OC to MC (one would have expected MC ṣɛng). The semantic fit between the TB forms and Chinese is extraordinarily good.

This root is perhaps to be reconstructed *tsiŋ at the PLB level (cf. Lahu chɛ̂).

rn	analysis	lgid	reflex	gloss	gfn	language	grpid	grpno	grp	genetic	citation	srcabbr	srcid	rn
77169	71	168	sring	live / bear		*Sino-Tibetan	1	0	Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)	0	Coblin 86	WSC-SH	104	0
7573	71	175	s-raŋ\|	live	v.	*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	199	0
77172	71	183	s-ring\|(*A)	live / bear		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Coblin 86	WSC-SH	104	0
7572	71	175	s-riŋ\|	live	v.	*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	199	0
72354	71,71	182	s-riŋ\| ~ s-raŋ\|	live / alive / green / raw		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Benedict 72 STC	STC	404	0
146028	71,71	174	s-riŋ\| ~ s-rɑŋ\|	live / bear / be born / fresh (e.g. greens)	v	*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Chou 72	ACST	812a-d	0
515780	71,71	2012	s-\|riŋ ⪤ s-\|r(y)aŋ	alive / green / raw / give birth / be born		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Matisoff 03 HPTB	JAM-HPTB	610	0
143560	71	176	śriN	live	v.	*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Michailovsky 91 Kr	BM-PK7	109	0
19963	71	174	śriŋ	live / alive / green / raw		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Chou 72	ACST	812a-d	0
1795	71,73,m	1070	ɟuŋ-dom-pi	live		Milang	74	1.1.1.2	Eastern Tani	1	Tayeng 76 Mil	AT-MPB		0
39808	p,71	505	ɑ³¹ sɯŋ⁵⁵	alive, live		Darang [Taraon]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Sun H 80 MLD	SLZO-MLD		0
425079	p,71	1818	ɑ³¹sɯŋ⁵⁵	birth, give to	v.	Darang [Taraon]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1620.22	0
429708	p,71	1818	ɑ³¹sɯŋ⁵⁵	birth, give to (piglets)	v.	Darang [Taraon]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1717.22	0
219457	p,71	509	ɑ³¹sɯŋ⁵⁵	birth, give		Darang [Taraon]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	774.49	0
39980	p,71	590	kɯ³¹ ɹɑ̆ŋ³⁵	alive, live		Kaman [Miju]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Sun H 80 MLD	SLZO-MLD		0
129011	71	661	sɯŋ⁵⁵	alive / be living		Idu	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Sun H 91 IduQ	SHK-Idu	1.12	0
501116	71	1920	hriŋ-I, hrin-II	GREEN / ALIVE / FRESH		*Chin	8	1.2	Kuki-Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	1085	0
3580	71	245	rhìn	fresh / green / unripe		Anal	8	1.2	Kuki-Chin	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	199	0
446935	71	1927	hing hī	fresh, alive		Sizang	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	1085	0
446934	71	1926	híng-I, hìn-II	alive		Thado	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	1085	0
446933	71	1925	hing² > hing³	green (fresh, alive)		Tiddim	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	1085	0
313850	71	1778	hing² > hin³	alive; exert pressure during defecation or deliv	vi	Tiddim	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	Bhaskararao 96 CDB	PB-CLDB	467	0
446936	71	1928	m-\|ghin	give life, make live; to nourish, entertain life	v	Cho (Mindat)	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	1085	0
446937	71	1949	xɨn	live		Daai	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	1085	0
446938	71	1929	hóeyng	live, living, alive, green		Khumi	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	1085	0
446930	71	1947	hrîŋ-I, hrǐn-II	green, alive		Lai (Hakha)	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	1085	0
446931	71	1923	hrǐŋ-I, hrìn-II	green, alive		Lai (Falam)	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	1085	0
173030	71	975	hrìn	fresh, green, unripe		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	199	0
315979	71	1779	hring	green; fresh	vi	Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Bhaskararao 96 CDB	PB-CLDB	2472	0
76345	71	986	hring	fresh, green		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Coblin 86	WSC-SH	104	0
446932	71	1924	hríng-I, hrìn-II	green, (in colour), to be fresh (as milk or fish)	be v.	Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	1085	0
3579	71	975	hríŋ	fresh / green / unripe		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	199	0
71480	71	984	hriŋ	fresh, green		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	404	0
71481	71	984	hriŋʔ	birth, give	v	Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	404	0
446929	71	1921	hrò	live (as life), green (as wood)	v	Lakher [Mara]	71	1.2.3	Maraic	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	1085	0
3581	p,71	870	³ə¹hrɒ	fresh / green / unripe		Lakher [Mara]	71	1.2.3	Maraic	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	199	0
131452	p,p,71	805	ə◦kə◦riŋ	alive / be living		Kom Rem	72	1.2.4	“Old Kuki”	0	Toba 91 KRQ	T-KomRQ	1.12	0
150198	71	1112	lríŋ	alive / be living		Moyon	72	1.2.4	“Old Kuki”	0	Kosha 90	DK-Moyon	1.12	0
150474	m,71	1112	næ̀ nríŋ	birth, give		Moyon	72	1.2.4	“Old Kuki”	0	Kosha 90	DK-Moyon	10.4.15	0
172276	p,71	1672	a◦rhang	live (to be alive)		Yimchungrü	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
244420	p,71	1672	a◦rhang	life		Yimchungrü	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
3583	71	257	²hri	live	v.	Angami Naga	65	1.3.2	Angami-Pochuri Group	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	199	0
3584	p,71	257	²ke³hri	life	n.	Angami Naga	65	1.3.2	Angami-Pochuri Group	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	199	0
172247	71	252	rhi	live (to be alive)		Angami (Khonoma)	65	1.3.2	Angami-Pochuri Group	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
244400	p,71	254	ke◦lhou	life		Angami (Kohima)	65	1.3.2	Angami-Pochuri Group	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
244401	p,71	254	ke◦rhei	life		Angami (Kohima)	65	1.3.2	Angami-Pochuri Group	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
167177	71	256	lhou³¹	alive / be living		Angami (Kohima)	65	1.3.2	Angami-Pochuri Group	1	Nienu 90 AngQ	VN-AngQ	1.12	0
172248	71,m	254	rhei◦ba	live (to be alive)		Angami (Kohima)	65	1.3.2	Angami-Pochuri Group	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
244405	p,71	486	ke◦rhü	life		Chokri	65	1.3.2	Angami-Pochuri Group	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
167363	71	487	lhü³¹	alive / be living		Chokri	65	1.3.2	Angami-Pochuri Group	1	Nienu 90 ChoQ	VN-ChkQ	1.12	0
172252	71,71	486	rhü, lhü	live (to be alive)		Chokri	65	1.3.2	Angami-Pochuri Group	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
232535	71	796	lhì	alive / be living		Khezha	65	1.3.2	Angami-Pochuri Group	1	Yabu 94 Khö	SY-KhozhaQ	1.12	0
172253	71	750	rhi	live (to be alive)		Khezha	65	1.3.2	Angami-Pochuri Group	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
244409	p,71	1017	ka◦hrü	life		Mao	65	1.3.2	Angami-Pochuri Group	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
172258	m,71	1017	lei, hrü	live (to be alive)		Mao	65	1.3.2	Angami-Pochuri Group	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
3585	71	1016	¹hrɯ	live	v.	Mao	65	1.3.2	Angami-Pochuri Group	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	199	0
244416	m,71	1335	ke◦rhüng	life		Rengma	65	1.3.2	Angami-Pochuri Group	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
3586	p,71	1337	¹ga³hã	live	v.	Rengma (Northern)	65	1.3.2	Angami-Pochuri Group	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	199	0
172254	71	790	ring	live (to be alive)		Khoirao	64	1.3.3	Zeme Group	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
172256	71	906	ring	live (to be alive)		Liangmei	64	1.3.3	Zeme Group	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
172259	71	1018	ring	live (to be alive)		Maram	64	1.3.3	Zeme Group	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
172267	71	1301	ring	live (to be alive)		Puiron	64	1.3.3	Zeme Group	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
172264	71	1347	ringh	live (to be alive)		Rongmei / Nruanghmei	64	1.3.3	Zeme Group	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
244412	71,m	1347	ringh◦mei	life		Rongmei / Nruanghmei	64	1.3.3	Zeme Group	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
244421	p,71,m	1694	ke◦ring◦be	life		Zeme	64	1.3.3	Zeme Group	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
172277	71	1694	ring	live (to be alive)		Zeme	64	1.3.3	Zeme Group	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
3582	m,71	1695	¹ke¹riŋ	fresh / green / unripe		Zeme	64	1.3.3	Zeme Group	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	199	0
244410	p,71,m	1137	ke◦ring◦ria	life		Mzieme	64	1.3.3	Zeme Group	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
172262	71	1137	ring	live (to be alive)		Mzieme	64	1.3.3	Zeme Group	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
528925	71	2031	hriŋ	alive		*Tangkhulic	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Mortensen 12 Tk	DRM-Tk	487	0
525232	m,71	2023	kʰə-rɐŋ	alive; be living		Huishu	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Mortensen 12 Tk	DRM-Tk	BodyParts.018	0
524801	m,71	2022	kʰə-rɐŋ	alive / be living		Kachai	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Mortensen 12 Tk	DRM-Tk	BodyParts.014	0
172271	71	1471	ring	live (to be alive)		Tangkhul	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
244419	71,m	1471	ring◦lakha	life		Tangkhul	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
305022	71	1470	riŋ	alive		Tangkhul	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Bhat 69 TNV	Bhat-TNV	84	0
305225	71	1470	riŋ	careful		Tangkhul	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Bhat 69 TNV	Bhat-TNV	86	0
620568	m,71	2024	kə-hrɯə̃	alive	be v.	Tusom	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Mortensen 12 Tk	DRM-Tk	BodyParts.016	0
526654	m,71	2025	kʰə-riŋ	alive	be v.	Ukhrul	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Mortensen 12 Tk	DRM-Tk		0
172282	71	1041	hing	live (to be alive)		Meithei	13	1.4	Meithei	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
71482	71	1047	hiŋ	alive	be v.	Meithei	13	1.4	Meithei	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	404	0
10408	71,m	1040	hiŋ◦bə	alive / be living		Meithei	13	1.4	Meithei	1	Singh 91 MeiQ	CYS-Meithei	1.12	0
71483	71	1068	reŋ	live, come to life	v.	Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	404	0
71484	71,m	1068	reŋ-seŋ	green, verdant		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	404	0
114658	71,1745	710	haŋ-sur	breath / life		Bodo	80	1.7.1.1	Bodo	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
114643	71,m	571	raŋ-sit-	breath / life		Garo	81	1.7.1.2	Garo	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
467407	71,m,m	1945	rang•-du-a	breathe deeply	vi	Garo (Bangladesh)	81	1.7.1.2	Garo	1	Burling 03 Garo	RB-LMMG	9.45-II:idx	0
467410	71,m,m,m	1945	rang•-sip-it-a	breathe	vi	Garo (Bangladesh)	81	1.7.1.2	Garo	1	Burling 03 Garo	RB-LMMG	9.45-II:idx	0
475555	71,s	1973	rang•◦set-	breathe	v	Atong	82	1.7.1.3	Koch	1	van Breugel 08 Atong	SVB-GA		0
114656	71,s	294	raŋ-sət-	breath / life		Atong	82	1.7.1.3	Koch	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
78457	71a	161	criŋ	alive		*Northern Naga	12	1.7.2	Northern Naga/Konyakian	1	French 83	WTF-PNN	449	1
78459	71b	161	C̥-raŋ\|	alive		*Northern Naga	12	1.7.2	Northern Naga/Konyakian	1	French 83	WTF-PNN	449	0
78460	71	161	C̥-rin\|	alive		*Northern Naga	12	1.7.2	Northern Naga/Konyakian	1	French 83	WTF-PNN	450	0
78458	71	161	ryəŋ	alive		*Northern Naga	12	1.7.2	Northern Naga/Konyakian	1	French 83	WTF-PNN	449	0
77709	71	1192	hiŋ	live	v.	Nocte	84	1.7.2.1	Tangsa-Nocte	1	French 83	WTF-PNN	449	0
3578	p,71	1187	¹ʌ²hin(ʔ)	green	v.i.	Nocte	84	1.7.2.1	Tangsa-Nocte	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	199	0
77711	p,1819,71	1107	a ta roŋ	live	v.	Tangsa (Moshang)	84	1.7.2.1	Tangsa-Nocte	1	French 83	WTF-PNN	449	0
172272	p,1819,71	1489	a◦ta◦rong	live (to be alive)		Tangsa (Moshang)	84	1.7.2.1	Tangsa-Nocte	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
77716	71	435	laŋ	live, living	v.	Chang	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	French 83	WTF-PNN	449	0
3570	71,m	428	sʌ̀ŋ-dɯ́ŋ-	green	v.i.	Chang	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	199	0
3577	m,71,m	786	¹²a³saŋ²¹ña	green	v.i.	Khiamngan	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	199	0
77718	p,71	809	a yin	life		Konyak	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	French 83	WTF-PNN	450	0
244406	p,71	807	a◦yin	life		Konyak	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
3575	p,71	810	kʌ-hɯ́ŋ	green	v.i.	Konyak (Tamlu)	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	199	0
3576	p,71	812	ʌ-hɯ́ŋ	green	v.i.	Konyak (Wakching)	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	199	0
77720	71,79	1283	yem ñu	live	v.	Phom	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	French 83	WTF-PNN	450	0
77719	71,m	1283	yem◦(bəm)	life		Phom	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	French 83	WTF-PNN	450	0
244415	71,m	1281	yem◦büm	life		Phom	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
77715	p,71	1632	a raŋ	alive; raw		Wancho	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	French 83	WTF-PNN	449	0
304185	71	686	tsiŋ	live		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	108n304	0
71485	71	685	tsiŋ	grass; grassy; fresh		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	404	0
71486	m,71	736	kə◦tsiŋ	fresh, green, raw, unripe		Kanauri	20	2.1.1	Western Himalayish	0	Benedict 72 STC	STC	404	0
338649	71,32	1788	riṅsā	breath	n	Kanauri	20	2.1.1	Western Himalayish	0	Bailey 11	BAI1911		0
114621	71,32	732	riṅ◦sā	breath / life		Kanauri	20	2.1.1	Western Himalayish	0	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
114622	32,71	732	sā◦söṅ	breath / life		Kanauri	20	2.1.1	Western Himalayish	0	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
18054	32,71	731	sa◦səṇ	breath		Kanauri	20	2.1.1	Western Himalayish	0	Sharma, D.D. 88 Kn	DS-Kan	30	0
76343	71	737	śöng	live, alive		Kanauri	20	2.1.1	Western Himalayish	0	Coblin 86	WSC-SH	104	0
71477	71	736	śöŋ	live, be alive		Kanauri	20	2.1.1	Western Himalayish	0	Benedict 72 STC	STC	404	0
19016	71,m	1262	çin◦mi	live	v.	Pattani [Manchati]	20	2.1.1	Western Himalayish	0	Sharma, D.D. 82 TH	DS-Patt		0
131234	71,m	1005	šiŋ◦mi	alive / be living		Pattani [Manchati]	20	2.1.1	Western Himalayish	0	Sharma, S.R. 91 Ma	STP-ManQ	1.12	0
76344	71	1006	sring	live, alive		Pattani [Manchati]	20	2.1.1	Western Himalayish	0	Coblin 86	WSC-SH	104	0
71478	71	1263	sriŋ	live, be alive		Pattani [Manchati]	20	2.1.1	Western Himalayish	0	Benedict 72 STC	STC	404	0
219437	71	1088	sik	birth, give		Tsangla (Motuo)	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	774.7	0
39373	71	1085	siŋ⁵⁵	birth, give (to child)	v.	Tsangla (Motuo)	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Zhang Jichuan 86	JZ-CLMenba		0
425108	71	1851	sik	birth, give to	v.	Motuo Menba	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1620.07	0
71479	71,71	422	sriŋ ⪤ śiŋ	live, be alive		Chamba Lahuli	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	404	0
67891	1002,71	1531	mih◦li	life		Thakali (Tukche)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Hari 71a ThVo	SIL-Thak	10.A.12	0
143554	71	163	hiŋ-	live	v.	*SE Kiranti	29	2.3	Kiranti	1	Michailovsky 91 Kr	BM-PK7	109	0
143559	71	912	hiŋ-	live	v.	Limbu	31	2.3.1	Eastern Kiranti	1	Michailovsky 91 Kr	BM-PK7	109	0
74155	m,71,3482	911	ku-hiŋ◦wEt	alive		Limbu	31	2.3.1	Eastern Kiranti	1	Michailovsky 89 Lm	BM-Lim		0
132271	m,71,m	1644	wə◦hiŋ◦glik	alive / be living		Yakha	31	2.3.1	Eastern Kiranti	1	Kohn 90	TK-Yakha	1.12	0
143558	71	324	hïŋ-	alive	be v.	Bantawa	76	2.3.2	Southern Kiranti	1	Michailovsky 91 Kr	BM-PK7	109	0
51075	71	327	hUN	alive	be v.	Bantawa	76	2.3.2	Southern Kiranti	1	Rai 85 BnDs	NKR-Bant		0
143557	71,m	424	hing-a	sit, to rest, to remain, to	v.	Chamling	76	2.3.2	Southern Kiranti	1	Michailovsky 91 Kr	BM-PK7	109	0
143556	71,m	821	hiŋŋ-u	care for	v.	Kulung	76	2.3.2	Southern Kiranti	1	Michailovsky 91 Kr	BM-PK7	109	0
61906	71,m	822	hiŋŋ-u	care for (children)	v.	Kulung	76	2.3.2	Southern Kiranti	1	Rai 75 Kul	RPHH-Kul		0
71487	m,71	1205	mə◦śiŋ	green (color)		Anong	38	4	Nungic	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	404	0
71488	71	1205	śin	grass		Anong	38	4	Nungic	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	404	0
148825	71	142	tsiŋ²	live		*Lolo-Burmese	42	6.1	Lolo-Burmese	1	Matisoff 93 PC	JAM-II		0
13247	85,71	370	ŋji⁵⁵ jɛʔ⁵⁵	life		Bola	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Dai 89 Bola	DQ-Bola	976	0
76346	71	410	hrang	live, alive		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Coblin 86	WSC-SH	104	0
3569	71	390	hraŋ	live	v.	Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	199	0
438293	71	406	hraŋ	live, be alive	v.	Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Benedict 76 WBur	PKB-WBRD		0
303438	71	409	hraŋ	alive		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	39n128	0
148821	71	409	hraŋ	live, be alive		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	404	0
414721	71	1822	hrɑŋ²	alive, become / active	v.	Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1396.26	0
219809	71	411	hrɑŋ²	alive		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	781.39	0
438294	p,71	406	ə-hraŋ	alive		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Benedict 76 WBur	PKB-WBRD		0
15437	m,71	886	tə³¹ tsə⁵⁵	alive / be living		Lashi	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Dai 89 Lash	DQ-Lashi	1.12	0
452820	71	1965	hraŋ	alive	be v.	Marma	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huziwara 08 Sak	HK-Sak	126	0
13733	71	584	sv̩²⁴	alive / be living		Gazhuo	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Dai 89 Gazh	DQ-Gazhuo	1.12	0
144738	71	831	chɛ̂	live, dwell, stay		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 88 DL	JAM-DL	542-3	0
17040	71	1365	sɿ⁴⁴	alive		Sani [Nyi]	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Ma 89 SanQ	MXL-SaniQ	354.4	0
40586	71	629	zi⁵⁵	life		Hani (Dazhai)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Li Yongsui 86 Hani	JZ-Hani		0
353450	71	1839	zi⁵⁵	life span	n	Hani (Lüchun)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0164.41	0
391469	71	1839	zi⁵⁵	lifetime	clf	Hani (Lüchun)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0915.41	0
40876	p,71	634	ɔ³¹ zi⁵⁵	life		Hani (Shuikui)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Li Yongsui 86 Hani	JZ-Hani		0
391470	71	1840	zi⁵⁵	lifetime	clf	Hani (Mojiang)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0915.42	0
353451	m,71	1840	ɔ³¹zi⁵⁵	life span	n	Hani (Mojiang)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0164.42	0
16813	m,71,85	1285	hnɑ̃⁵⁵ ce¹¹ ɲiʔ⁵⁵	live		Côông [Phunoi]	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Bradley xx Phu	DB-Phunoi		2
16690	p,71	1285	ʔɑ̃⁵⁵ cɑ³³	live		Côông [Phunoi]	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Bradley xx Phu	DB-Phunoi		0
80545	71	309	xæ̃⁵⁵	alive / be living		Bai (Jianchuan)	51	8	Bai	1	Zhao 90	ZYS-Bai	1.12	0
146057	71	469	sěŋ	live / bear / be born / fresh (e.g. greens)	v	Chinese (Old)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Chou 72	ACST	812a-d	0
146029	71	469	śrěŋ	live / bear / be born / fresh (e.g. greens)	v	Chinese (Old)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Chou 72	ACST	812a-d	0
77170	71	478	sring	live / bear		Chinese (Old)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Coblin 86	WSC-SH	104	0
294432	71	471	srjeng	born; live, be alive; be fresh	be v.	Chinese (Old)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Baxter 92	WHB-OC	130	0
295831	71	471	srjeng	born; live, be alive; be fresh	be v.	Chinese (Old)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Baxter 92	WHB-OC	1497	0
296259	71	471	srjeng	born; live, be alive; be fresh	be v.	Chinese (Old)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Baxter 92	WHB-OC	1912	0
294608	71	471	srjeng	born; live, be alive; be fresh	be v.	Chinese (Old)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Baxter 92	WHB-OC	303	0
294913	71	471	srjeng	born; live, be alive; be fresh	be v.	Chinese (Old)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Baxter 92	WHB-OC	573	0
77171	71	468	ṣɐng	live, life, bear, be born		Chinese (Middle)	54	9.0.2	Middle Chinese	0	Coblin 86	WSC-SH	104	0
146030	71	461	s̥ɒŋ	live / bear / be born / fresh (e.g. greens)	v	Chinese (Middle)	54	9.0.2	Middle Chinese	0	Chou 72	ACST	812a-d	0

analysis

lgid

reflex

gloss

gfn

language

grpid

grpno

grp

genetic

citation

srcabbr

srcid

77169

168

sring

live / bear

*Sino-Tibetan

Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)

Coblin 86

WSC-SH

104

7573

175

s-raŋ|

live

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

199

77172

183

s-ring|(*A)

live / bear

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Coblin 86

WSC-SH

104

7572

175

s-riŋ|

live

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

199

72354

71,71

182

s-riŋ| ~ s-raŋ|

live / alive / green / raw

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Benedict 72 STC

STC

404

146028

71,71

174

s-riŋ| ~ s-rɑŋ|

live / bear / be born / fresh (e.g. greens)

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Chou 72

ACST

812a-d

515780

71,71

2012

s-|riŋ ⪤ s-|r(y)aŋ

alive / green / raw / give birth / be born

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Matisoff 03 HPTB

JAM-HPTB

610

143560

176

śriN

live

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Michailovsky 91 Kr

BM-PK7

109

19963

174

śriŋ

live / alive / green / raw

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Chou 72

ACST

812a-d

1795

71,73,m

1070

ɟuŋ-dom-pi

live

Milang

1.1.1.2

Eastern Tani

Tayeng 76 Mil

AT-MPB

39808

p,71

505

ɑ³¹ sɯŋ⁵⁵

alive, live

Darang [Taraon]

1.1.2

Deng

Sun H 80 MLD

SLZO-MLD

425079

p,71

1818

ɑ³¹sɯŋ⁵⁵

birth, give to

Darang [Taraon]

1.1.2

Deng

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

1620.22

429708

p,71

1818

ɑ³¹sɯŋ⁵⁵

birth, give to (piglets)

Darang [Taraon]

1.1.2

Deng

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

1717.22

219457

p,71

509

ɑ³¹sɯŋ⁵⁵

birth, give

Darang [Taraon]

1.1.2

Deng

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

774.49

39980

p,71

590

kɯ³¹ ɹɑ̆ŋ³⁵

alive, live

Kaman [Miju]

1.1.2

Deng

Sun H 80 MLD

SLZO-MLD

129011

661

sɯŋ⁵⁵

alive / be living

Idu

1.1.2

Deng

Sun H 91 IduQ

SHK-Idu

1.12

501116

1920

hriŋ-I, hrin-II

GREEN / ALIVE / FRESH

*Chin

1.2

Kuki-Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

1085

3580

245

rhìn

fresh / green / unripe

Anal

1.2

Kuki-Chin

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

199

446935

1927

hing hī

fresh, alive

Sizang

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

1085

446934

1926

híng-I, hìn-II

alive

Thado

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

1085

446933

1925

hing² > hing³

green (fresh, alive)

Tiddim

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

1085

313850

1778

hing² > hin³

alive; exert pressure during defecation or deliv

Tiddim

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

Bhaskararao 96 CDB

PB-CLDB

467

446936

1928

m-|ghin

give life, make live; to nourish, entertain life

Cho (Mindat)

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

1085

446937

1949

xɨn

live

Daai

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

1085

446938

1929

hóeyng

live, living, alive, green

Khumi

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

1085

446930

1947

hrîŋ-I, hrǐn-II

green, alive

Lai (Hakha)

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

1085

446931

1923

hrǐŋ-I, hrìn-II

green, alive

Lai (Falam)

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

1085

173030

975

hrìn

fresh, green, unripe

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

199

315979

1779

hring

green; fresh

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Bhaskararao 96 CDB

PB-CLDB

2472

76345

986

hring

fresh, green

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Coblin 86

WSC-SH

104

446932

1924

hríng-I, hrìn-II

green, (in colour), to be fresh (as milk or fish)

be v.

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

1085

3579

975

hríŋ

fresh / green / unripe

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

199

71480

984

hriŋ

fresh, green

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Benedict 72 STC

STC

404

71481

984

hriŋʔ

birth, give

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Benedict 72 STC

STC

404

446929

1921

hrò

live (as life), green (as wood)

Lakher [Mara]

1.2.3

Maraic

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

1085

3581

p,71

870

³ə¹hrɒ

fresh / green / unripe

Lakher [Mara]

1.2.3

Maraic

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

199

131452

p,p,71

805

ə◦kə◦riŋ

alive / be living

Kom Rem

1.2.4

“Old Kuki”

Toba 91 KRQ

T-KomRQ

1.12

150198

1112

lríŋ

alive / be living

Moyon

1.2.4

“Old Kuki”

Kosha 90

DK-Moyon

1.12

150474

m,71

1112

næ̀ nríŋ

birth, give

Moyon

1.2.4

“Old Kuki”

Kosha 90

DK-Moyon

10.4.15

172276

p,71

1672

a◦rhang

live (to be alive)

Yimchungrü

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

244420

p,71

1672

a◦rhang

life

Yimchungrü

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

3583

257

²hri

live

Angami Naga

1.3.2

Angami-Pochuri Group

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

199

3584

p,71

257

²ke³hri

life

Angami Naga

1.3.2

Angami-Pochuri Group

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

199

172247

252

rhi

live (to be alive)

Angami (Khonoma)

1.3.2

Angami-Pochuri Group

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

244400

p,71

254

ke◦lhou

life

Angami (Kohima)

1.3.2

Angami-Pochuri Group

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

244401

p,71

254

ke◦rhei

life

Angami (Kohima)

1.3.2

Angami-Pochuri Group

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

167177

256

lhou³¹

alive / be living

Angami (Kohima)

1.3.2

Angami-Pochuri Group

Nienu 90 AngQ

VN-AngQ

1.12

172248

71,m

254

rhei◦ba

live (to be alive)

Angami (Kohima)

1.3.2

Angami-Pochuri Group

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

244405

p,71

486

ke◦rhü

life

Chokri

1.3.2

Angami-Pochuri Group

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

167363

487

lhü³¹

alive / be living

Chokri

1.3.2

Angami-Pochuri Group

Nienu 90 ChoQ

VN-ChkQ

1.12

172252

71,71

486

rhü, lhü

live (to be alive)

Chokri

1.3.2

Angami-Pochuri Group

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

232535

796

lhì

alive / be living

Khezha

1.3.2

Angami-Pochuri Group

Yabu 94 Khö

SY-KhozhaQ

1.12

172253

750

rhi

live (to be alive)

Khezha

1.3.2

Angami-Pochuri Group

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

244409

p,71

1017

ka◦hrü

life

Mao

1.3.2

Angami-Pochuri Group

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

172258

m,71

1017

lei, hrü

live (to be alive)

Mao

1.3.2

Angami-Pochuri Group

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

3585

1016

¹hrɯ

live

Mao

1.3.2

Angami-Pochuri Group

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

199

244416

m,71

1335

ke◦rhüng

life

Rengma

1.3.2

Angami-Pochuri Group

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

3586

p,71

1337

¹ga³hã

live

Rengma (Northern)

1.3.2

Angami-Pochuri Group

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

199

172254

790

ring

live (to be alive)

Khoirao

1.3.3

Zeme Group

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

172256

906

ring

live (to be alive)

Liangmei

1.3.3

Zeme Group

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

172259

1018

ring

live (to be alive)

Maram

1.3.3

Zeme Group

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

172267

1301

ring

live (to be alive)

Puiron

1.3.3

Zeme Group

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

172264

1347

ringh

live (to be alive)

Rongmei / Nruanghmei

1.3.3

Zeme Group

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

244412

71,m

1347

ringh◦mei

life

Rongmei / Nruanghmei

1.3.3

Zeme Group

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

244421

p,71,m

1694

ke◦ring◦be

life

Zeme

1.3.3

Zeme Group

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

172277

1694

ring

live (to be alive)

Zeme

1.3.3

Zeme Group

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

3582

m,71

1695

¹ke¹riŋ

fresh / green / unripe

Zeme

1.3.3

Zeme Group

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

199

244410

p,71,m

1137

ke◦ring◦ria

life

Mzieme

1.3.3

Zeme Group

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

172262

1137

ring

live (to be alive)

Mzieme

1.3.3

Zeme Group

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

528925

2031

hriŋ

alive

*Tangkhulic

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Mortensen 12 Tk

DRM-Tk

487

525232

m,71

2023

kʰə-rɐŋ

alive; be living

Huishu

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Mortensen 12 Tk

DRM-Tk

BodyParts.018

524801

m,71

2022

kʰə-rɐŋ

alive / be living

Kachai

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Mortensen 12 Tk

DRM-Tk

BodyParts.014

172271

1471

ring

live (to be alive)

Tangkhul

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

244419

71,m

1471

ring◦lakha

life

Tangkhul

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

305022

1470

riŋ

alive

Tangkhul

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Bhat 69 TNV

Bhat-TNV

305225

1470

riŋ

careful

Tangkhul

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Bhat 69 TNV

Bhat-TNV

620568

m,71

2024

kə-hrɯə̃

alive

be v.

Tusom

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Mortensen 12 Tk

DRM-Tk

BodyParts.016

526654

m,71

2025

kʰə-riŋ

alive

be v.

Ukhrul

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Mortensen 12 Tk

DRM-Tk

172282

1041

hing

live (to be alive)

Meithei

1.4

Meithei

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

71482

1047

hiŋ

alive

be v.

Meithei

1.4

Meithei

Benedict 72 STC

STC

404

10408

71,m

1040

hiŋ◦bə

alive / be living

Meithei

1.4

Meithei

Singh 91 MeiQ

CYS-Meithei

1.12

71483

1068

reŋ

live, come to life

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Benedict 72 STC

STC

404

71484

71,m

1068

reŋ-seŋ

green, verdant

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Benedict 72 STC

STC

404

114658

71,1745

710

haŋ-sur

breath / life

Bodo

1.7.1.1

Bodo

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

114643

71,m

571

raŋ-sit-

breath / life

Garo

1.7.1.2

Garo

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

467407

71,m,m

1945

rang•-du-a

breathe deeply

Garo (Bangladesh)

1.7.1.2

Garo

Burling 03 Garo

RB-LMMG

9.45-II:idx

467410

71,m,m,m

1945

rang•-sip-it-a

breathe

Garo (Bangladesh)

1.7.1.2

Garo

Burling 03 Garo

RB-LMMG

9.45-II:idx

475555

71,s

1973

rang•◦set-

breathe

Atong

1.7.1.3

Koch

van Breugel 08 Atong

SVB-GA

114656

71,s

294

raŋ-sət-

breath / life

Atong

1.7.1.3

Koch

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

78457

71a

161

criŋ

alive

*Northern Naga

1.7.2

Northern Naga/Konyakian

French 83

WTF-PNN

449

78459

71b

161

C̥-raŋ|

alive

*Northern Naga

1.7.2

Northern Naga/Konyakian

French 83

WTF-PNN

449

78460

161

C̥-rin|

alive

*Northern Naga

1.7.2

Northern Naga/Konyakian

French 83

WTF-PNN

450

78458

161

ryəŋ

alive

*Northern Naga

1.7.2

Northern Naga/Konyakian

French 83

WTF-PNN

449

77709

1192

hiŋ

live

Nocte

1.7.2.1

Tangsa-Nocte

French 83

WTF-PNN

449

3578

p,71

1187

¹ʌ²hin(ʔ)

green

v.i.

Nocte

1.7.2.1

Tangsa-Nocte

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

199

77711

p,1819,71

1107

a ta roŋ

live

Tangsa (Moshang)

1.7.2.1

Tangsa-Nocte

French 83

WTF-PNN

449

172272

p,1819,71

1489

a◦ta◦rong

live (to be alive)

Tangsa (Moshang)

1.7.2.1

Tangsa-Nocte

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

77716

435

laŋ

live, living

Chang

1.7.2.2

Konyak-Chang

French 83

WTF-PNN

449

3570

71,m

428

sʌ̀ŋ-dɯ́ŋ-

green

v.i.

Chang

1.7.2.2

Konyak-Chang

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

199

3577

m,71,m

786

¹²a³saŋ²¹ña

green

v.i.

Khiamngan

1.7.2.2

Konyak-Chang

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

199

77718

p,71

809

a yin

life

Konyak

1.7.2.2

Konyak-Chang

French 83

WTF-PNN

450

244406

p,71

807

a◦yin

life

Konyak

1.7.2.2

Konyak-Chang

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

3575

p,71

810

kʌ-hɯ́ŋ

green

v.i.

Konyak (Tamlu)

1.7.2.2

Konyak-Chang

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

199

3576

p,71

812

ʌ-hɯ́ŋ

green

v.i.

Konyak (Wakching)

1.7.2.2

Konyak-Chang

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

199

77720

71,79

1283

yem ñu

live

Phom

1.7.2.2

Konyak-Chang

French 83

WTF-PNN

450

77719

71,m

1283

yem◦(bəm)

life

Phom

1.7.2.2

Konyak-Chang

French 83

WTF-PNN

450

244415

71,m

1281

yem◦büm

life

Phom

1.7.2.2

Konyak-Chang

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

77715

p,71

1632

a raŋ

alive; raw

Wancho

1.7.2.2

Konyak-Chang

French 83

WTF-PNN

449

304185

686

tsiŋ

live

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Benedict 72 STC

STC

108n304

71485

685

tsiŋ

grass; grassy; fresh

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Benedict 72 STC

STC

404

71486

m,71

736

kə◦tsiŋ

fresh, green, raw, unripe

Kanauri

2.1.1

Western Himalayish

Benedict 72 STC

STC

404

338649

71,32

1788

riṅsā

breath

Kanauri

2.1.1

Western Himalayish

Bailey 11

BAI1911

114621

71,32

732

riṅ◦sā

breath / life

Kanauri

2.1.1

Western Himalayish

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

114622

32,71

732

sā◦söṅ

breath / life

Kanauri

2.1.1

Western Himalayish

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

18054

32,71

731

sa◦səṇ

breath

Kanauri

2.1.1

Western Himalayish

Sharma, D.D. 88 Kn

DS-Kan

76343

737

śöng

live, alive

Kanauri

2.1.1

Western Himalayish

Coblin 86

WSC-SH

104

71477

736

śöŋ

live, be alive

Kanauri

2.1.1

Western Himalayish

Benedict 72 STC

STC

404

19016

71,m

1262

çin◦mi

live

Pattani [Manchati]

2.1.1

Western Himalayish

Sharma, D.D. 82 TH

DS-Patt

131234

71,m

1005

šiŋ◦mi

alive / be living

Pattani [Manchati]

2.1.1

Western Himalayish

Sharma, S.R. 91 Ma

STP-ManQ

1.12

76344

1006

sring

live, alive

Pattani [Manchati]

2.1.1

Western Himalayish

Coblin 86

WSC-SH

104

71478

1263

sriŋ

live, be alive

Pattani [Manchati]

2.1.1

Western Himalayish

Benedict 72 STC

STC

404

219437

1088

sik

birth, give

Tsangla (Motuo)

2.1.2

Bodic

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

774.7

39373

1085

siŋ⁵⁵

birth, give (to child)

Tsangla (Motuo)

2.1.2

Bodic

Zhang Jichuan 86

JZ-CLMenba

425108

1851

sik

birth, give to

Motuo Menba

2.1.2

Bodic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

1620.07

71479

71,71

422

sriŋ ⪤ śiŋ

live, be alive

Chamba Lahuli

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Benedict 72 STC

STC

404

67891

1002,71

1531

mih◦li

life

Thakali (Tukche)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Hari 71a ThVo

SIL-Thak

10.A.12

143554

163

hiŋ-

live

*SE Kiranti

2.3

Kiranti

Michailovsky 91 Kr

BM-PK7

109

143559

912

hiŋ-

live

Limbu

2.3.1

Eastern Kiranti

Michailovsky 91 Kr

BM-PK7

109

74155

m,71,3482

911

ku-hiŋ◦wEt

alive

Limbu

2.3.1

Eastern Kiranti

Michailovsky 89 Lm

BM-Lim

132271

m,71,m

1644

wə◦hiŋ◦glik

alive / be living

Yakha

2.3.1

Eastern Kiranti

Kohn 90

TK-Yakha

1.12

143558

324

hïŋ-

alive

be v.

Bantawa

2.3.2

Southern Kiranti

Michailovsky 91 Kr

BM-PK7

109

51075

327

hUN

alive

be v.

Bantawa

2.3.2

Southern Kiranti

Rai 85 BnDs

NKR-Bant

143557

71,m

424

hing-a

sit, to rest, to remain, to

Chamling

2.3.2

Southern Kiranti

Michailovsky 91 Kr

BM-PK7

109

143556

71,m

821

hiŋŋ-u

care for

Kulung

2.3.2

Southern Kiranti

Michailovsky 91 Kr

BM-PK7

109

61906

71,m

822

hiŋŋ-u

care for (children)

Kulung

2.3.2

Southern Kiranti

Rai 75 Kul

RPHH-Kul

71487

m,71

1205

mə◦śiŋ

green (color)

Anong

Nungic

Benedict 72 STC

STC

404

71488

1205

śin

grass

Anong

Nungic

Benedict 72 STC

STC

404

148825

142

tsiŋ²

live

*Lolo-Burmese

6.1

Lolo-Burmese

Matisoff 93 PC

JAM-II

13247

85,71

370

ŋji⁵⁵ jɛʔ⁵⁵

life

Bola

6.1.1

Burmish

Dai 89 Bola

DQ-Bola

976

76346

410

hrang

live, alive

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Coblin 86

WSC-SH

104

3569

390

hraŋ

live

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

199

438293

406

hraŋ

live, be alive

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Benedict 76 WBur

PKB-WBRD

303438

409

hraŋ

alive

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Benedict 72 STC

STC

39n128

148821

409

hraŋ

live, be alive

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Benedict 72 STC

STC

404

414721

1822

hrɑŋ²

alive, become / active

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

1396.26

219809

411

hrɑŋ²

alive

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

781.39

438294

p,71

406

ə-hraŋ

alive

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Benedict 76 WBur

PKB-WBRD

15437

m,71

886

tə³¹ tsə⁵⁵

alive / be living

Lashi

6.1.1

Burmish

Dai 89 Lash

DQ-Lashi

1.12

452820

1965

hraŋ

alive

be v.

Marma

6.1.1

Burmish

Huziwara 08 Sak

HK-Sak

126

13733

584

sv̩²⁴

alive / be living

Gazhuo

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Dai 89 Gazh

DQ-Gazhuo

1.12

144738

831

chɛ̂

live, dwell, stay

Lahu (Black)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 88 DL

JAM-DL

542-3

17040

1365

sɿ⁴⁴

alive

Sani [Nyi]

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Ma 89 SanQ

MXL-SaniQ

354.4

40586

629

zi⁵⁵

life

Hani (Dazhai)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Li Yongsui 86 Hani

JZ-Hani

353450

1839

zi⁵⁵

life span

Hani (Lüchun)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0164.41

391469

1839

zi⁵⁵

lifetime

clf

Hani (Lüchun)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0915.41

40876

p,71

634

ɔ³¹ zi⁵⁵

life

Hani (Shuikui)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Li Yongsui 86 Hani

JZ-Hani

391470

1840

zi⁵⁵

lifetime

clf

Hani (Mojiang)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0915.42

353451

m,71

1840

ɔ³¹zi⁵⁵

life span

Hani (Mojiang)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0164.42

16813

m,71,85

1285

hnɑ̃⁵⁵ ce¹¹ ɲiʔ⁵⁵

live

Côông [Phunoi]

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Bradley xx Phu

DB-Phunoi

16690

p,71

1285

ʔɑ̃⁵⁵ cɑ³³

live

Côông [Phunoi]

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Bradley xx Phu

DB-Phunoi

80545

309

xæ̃⁵⁵

alive / be living

Bai (Jianchuan)

Bai

Zhao 90

ZYS-Bai

1.12

146057

469

sěŋ

live / bear / be born / fresh (e.g. greens)

Chinese (Old)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Chou 72

ACST

812a-d

146029

469

śrěŋ

live / bear / be born / fresh (e.g. greens)

Chinese (Old)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Chou 72

ACST

812a-d

77170

478

sring

live / bear

Chinese (Old)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Coblin 86

WSC-SH

104

294432

471

srjeng

born; live, be alive; be fresh

be v.

Chinese (Old)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Baxter 92

WHB-OC

130

295831

471

srjeng

born; live, be alive; be fresh

be v.

Chinese (Old)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Baxter 92

WHB-OC

1497

296259

471

srjeng

born; live, be alive; be fresh

be v.

Chinese (Old)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Baxter 92

WHB-OC

1912

294608

471

srjeng

born; live, be alive; be fresh

be v.

Chinese (Old)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Baxter 92

WHB-OC

303

294913

471

srjeng

born; live, be alive; be fresh

be v.

Chinese (Old)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Baxter 92

WHB-OC

573

77171

468

ṣɐng

live, life, bear, be born

Chinese (Middle)

9.0.2

Middle Chinese

Coblin 86

WSC-SH

104

146030

461

s̥ɒŋ

live / bear / be born / fresh (e.g. greens)

Chinese (Middle)

9.0.2

Middle Chinese

Chou 72

ACST

812a-d

Chinese comparanda

生 OC *sĕng GSR #812a, ‘live; bear, born; fresh’; Li 1971: *sring; Baxter 1992 #130: *srjeng; Mand. shēng.

For the reconstruction of *‑j‑ in Baxter’s system, see Baxter 1992:580-581. The development to Middle Chinese is regular in Baxter’s system, while it is irregular in Li’s system.

This is a long-recognized cognate (see e.g. STC #404). The Chinese initial and coda correspond to the Tibeto-Burman. In Li’s reconstruction, the main vowel *i is also a perfect match for the TB vowel. Baxter’s OC system does not permit a final *‑ing reconstruction. Baxter postulates developments *‑ing > *‑in and *‑ing > *‑eng (depending on dialect) predating the Old Chinese period (1992:299,563). In this case the comparative evidence points to *‑ing > *‑eng, and Baxter’s reconstruction is also a perfect match for the Tibeto-Burman.

Other Chinese members of the word family (such as 青 ‘green; color of living things’, Mand. qīng ) apparently reflect PST allofams with vowel *a and/or lacking medial *r. See Schuessler (2007:431, 459-460) for tables comparing Chinese and Tibeto-Burman allofams.

Schuessler (2007:76, 460) further argues that this etymon derives from PST *sri ‘to be, exist’.
[ZJH]

#71 PTB *s-riŋ ⪤ *s-r(y)aŋ LIVE / ALIVE / GREEN / RAW / GIVE BIRTH

Chinese comparanda

#71 PTB s-riŋ ⪤ s-r(y)aŋ LIVE / ALIVE / GREEN / RAW / GIVE BIRTH