STEDT Etymon #663
#663 PTB *l(y)a(k/ŋ) GOOD / BEAUTIFUL |
This etymon is very likely allofamic with #2722 PTB *m‑tyak/ŋ ⪤ *tik/ŋ GOOD / VERY / REAL / STRAIGHT, illustrating the widespread alternation between dental stop and liquid in TB. See Matisoff 2013 (“The dinguist’s dilemma”).
| rn | analysis | lgid | reflex | gloss | gfn | language | grpid | grpno | grp | genetic | citation | srcabbr | srcid | rn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 76986 | 663 | 168 | lek | good / easy | *Sino-Tibetan | 1 | 0 | Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Coblin 86 | WSC-SH | 87 | 0 | |
| 515397 | 663,663 | 2012 | l(y)ak ⪤ l(y)aŋ | good / beautiful | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Matisoff 03 HPTB | JAM-HPTB | 601 | 0 | |
| 154577 | 663 | 365 | lak | good | Bokar | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 Tani | JS-Tani | 0 | ||
| 493355 | 663 | 1979 | lak | perfect! | int. | Galo | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09 | GLDC-GED | 0 | |
| 169132 | 663,m | 1095 | lek◦pu | good | Tsangla (Central) | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Andvik 93 | EA-Tsh | 129 | 0 | |
| 169134 | 2436,663,s | 1095 | ma◦lek◦pa | bad | Tsangla (Central) | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Andvik 93 | EA-Tsh | 130b | 0 | |
| 297304 | 663,m | 1085 | lek⁵⁵pu⁵⁵ | good | Tsangla (Motuo) | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Zhang Jichuan 86 | JZ-CLMenba | 0 | ||
| 297297 | 663,s | 1085 | lek⁵⁵pu⁵⁵ | beautiful | Tsangla (Motuo) | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Zhang Jichuan 86 | JZ-CLMenba | 0 | ||
| 223160 | 663,s | 1088 | lek◦pu | beautiful | Tsangla (Motuo) | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 847.7 | 0 | |
| 223823 | 663,m | 1088 | lek◦pu | good | Tsangla (Motuo) | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 860.7 | 0 | |
| 297860 | 663,s,m | 1089 | lyak-pu-ja | beautiful | Tsangla (Tilang) | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Zhang Jichuan 86 | JZ-CLMenba | 0 | ||
| 399118 | 663,m | 1851 | lek pu | good | Motuo Menba | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1052.07 | 0 | |
| 399536 | 663,s | 1851 | lek pu | beautiful | Motuo Menba | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1060.07 | 0 | |
| 399534 | 663 | 1848 | jak | beautiful | Tibetan (Alike) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1060.05 | 0 | |
| 401181 | 663 | 1848 | jak | beautiful / pleasant to the eyes | Tibetan (Alike) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1093.05 | 0 | |
| 399116 | 663,m | 1848 | jak kə | good | Tibetan (Alike) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1052.05 | 0 | |
| 401483 | m,663 | 1848 | ruk jak | clever | Tibetan (Alike) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1099.05 | 0 | |
| 223183 | 663,m | 1550 | jak kwa | beautiful | Tibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 847.4 | 0 | |
| 223822 | 663 | 1585 | jak | good | Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 860.5 | 0 | |
| 399114 | 663,s | 1826 | jɑ¹³pᴜ⁵³ | good | Tibetan (Batang) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1052.03 | 0 | |
| 399113 | 663,m | 1815 | ja¹³ko⁵⁵ | good | Tibetan (Lhasa) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1052.02 | 0 | |
| 223845 | 663,m | 1557 | jaʔ¹³ko⁵³ | good | Tibetan (Lhasa) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 860.2 | 0 | |
| 399163 | 663,m | 1815 | lek¹³po⁵⁵ | good | Tibetan (Lhasa) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1052.02 | 0 | |
| 399162 | 663,m | 1804 | jag po | good | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1052.01 | 0 | |
| 223820 | 663,m | 1582 | jag po | good | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 860.1 | 0 | |
| 399112 | 663,m | 1804 | legs pa | good | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1052.01 | 0 | |
| 242260 | 663,m | 1564 | legs◦pa | good | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 303631 | 663,m,663,m | 1578 | yag-po / ḥdźag-po | good | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 54n183 | 0 | |
| 399533 | 663,m | 1837 | jaχ kwa | beautiful | Tibetan (Xiahe) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1060.04 | 0 | |
| 401180 | 663,m | 1837 | jaχ kwa | beautiful / pleasant to the eyes | Tibetan (Xiahe) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1093.04 | 0 | |
| 485950 | 663,m,m,m | 1977 | laŋ.ʔay thaŋ.ʔay | brightly beautiful | onom. | Chepang | 28 | 2.4 | Kham-Magar-Chepang | 1 | Caughley 00 Chepang | RC-DOC | 0 | |
| 485855 | 663,m,m,m | 1977 | ləŋ.ʔay thəŋ.ʔay | beautiful (flowers) | onom. | Chepang | 28 | 2.4 | Kham-Magar-Chepang | 1 | Caughley 00 Chepang | RC-DOC | 0 | |
| 468435 | 663 | 1970 | lia | beautiful | Tangut [Xixia] | 33 | 3.1 | Tangut | 1 | Li 97 Tangut | LFW1997 | 0470 | 0 | |
| 288324 | 663,m | 201 | liɑŋ⁵⁵pɑ⁵⁵ | beautiful | Achang (Lianghe) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Dai 85 AcJZ | JZ-Achang | 0 | ||
| 399561 | 663 | 1829 | jauŋ³⁵ | beautiful | Bola (Luxi) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1060.32 | 0 | |
| 401201 | m,663 | 1829 | u³⁵jauŋ³⁵ | beautiful / pleasant to the eyes | Bola (Luxi) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1093.32 | 0 | |
| 399560 | 663 | 1828 | jauŋ⁵⁵ | beautiful | Langsu (Luxi) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1060.31 | 0 | |
| 401200 | 663 | 1828 | jauŋ⁵⁵ | beautiful / pleasant to the eyes | Langsu (Luxi) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1093.31 | 0 | |
| 399612 | 2436,663 | 1828 | mə̆³¹jauŋ⁵⁵ | ugly | Langsu (Luxi) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1061.31 | 0 | |
| 399614 | p,663 | 1830 | a³¹juŋ⁵⁵ | ugly | Leqi (Luxi) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1061.33 | 0 | |
| 399562 | 663 | 1830 | jɔːŋ⁵⁵ | beautiful | Leqi (Luxi) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1060.33 | 0 | |
| 401202 | 663 | 1830 | jɔːŋ⁵⁵ | beautiful / pleasant to the eyes | Leqi (Luxi) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1093.33 | 0 | |
| 223177 | 663 | 1034 | jauŋ⁵⁵ | beautiful | Maru [Langsu] | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 847.43 | 0 | |
| 223228 | 2436,663 | 1034 | mə̆³¹jauŋ⁵⁵ | ugly | Maru [Langsu] | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 848.43 | 0 | |
| 336526 | 663 | 1220 | liə̱⁵³ | beautiful | Nusu (Southern) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Sun J 86 Nusu | JZ-Nusu | 0 | ||
| 399574 | 663 | 1843 | lə²¹ | beautiful | Naxi | 43 | 6.2 | Naxi | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1060.45 | 0 | |
| 223195 | m,663 | 908 | ndʐɯ³³ ; lə³¹ | beautiful | Naxi (Lijiang) | 43 | 6.2 | Naxi | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 847.28 | 0 | |
| 621297 | 663,663 | 481 | di̯ĕg/iĕ- | easy; negligent; at ease; well cultivated | Chinese (Old/Mid) | 53 | 9.0.1 | Old Chinese | 0 | Karlgren 57 GSR | GSR | 850a | 0 | |
| 621298 | 663,663 | 481 | lieg/liei- | well-proportioned; elegant, beautiful; refined; good | Chinese (Old/Mid) | 53 | 9.0.1 | Old Chinese | 0 | Karlgren 57 GSR | GSR | 878a-b | 0 | |
| 621296 | 663,663 | 481 | li̯ɑng/li̯ɑng | good | Chinese (Old/Mid) | 53 | 9.0.1 | Old Chinese | 0 | Karlgren 57 GSR | GSR | 735a-d | 0 |
良 OC *li̯ɑng, GSR #735a ‘good’; Schuessler 2007: (*raŋ); B & S 2011: *raŋ {[r]aŋ}; Mand. liáng.
Comment: For 良 liáng, recently reconstructed as OC *raŋ, to be a valid comparandum, we would ideally wish to see an initial *r‑ in the PTB form here. One possible recourse is to assume an alternation *l(y)a(k/ŋ) ⪤ *r(y)a(k/ŋ) at the PST stage.