STEDT Etymon #661

This is by far the best-attested root for VAGINA in TB, with reflexes in the NE Indian Areal Group, Himalayish, Lolo-Burmese, Karenic, and Qiangic. While most of the supporting forms point to a prefixal *s‑ plus *t‑ root-initial, a few reflexes seem to have undergone metathesis, e.g. Hayu pep‑tshu, Lakher (Mara) ³tshu, etc.

Some of the reflexes are transcribed with high front vowel ‑i instead of ‑u, but this fronting seems to be secondary. Compare, e.g. the Abor-Miri, Apatani, and Galo forms; or the Chepang, Dumi, and Bantawa reflexes, etc.

rn	analysis	lgid	reflex	gloss	gfn	language	grpid	grpno	grp	genetic	citation	srcabbr	srcid	rn
515955	661	2012	s-\|tu	vagina / vulva		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Matisoff 03 HPTB	JAM-HPTB	615	0
441372	m,661	1912	a³¹ tɯi⁵⁵	vagina		Sulung [Puroik]	4	1.1	“North Assam”	0	Matisoff 93 PC	JAM-II		0
283459	661	173	tɯ	vulva / vagina		*Tani	5	1.1.1	Tani	1	Sun J 93 HCST	JS-HCST	450	0
160585	p,661	285	a-tú	vagina		Apatani	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Sun J 93 Tani	JS-Tani		0
5486	p,661	283	²a²tu	vagina		Apatani	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	526	0
174556	661	333	tiː	vulva / vagina		Bengni	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Sun J 93 HCST	JS-HCST		0
495555	p,661	1979	ɨt◦tə	vagina	n.	Galo	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09	GLDC-GED		0
5487	p,661	563	ˆɯt-tɤ	vagina		Galo	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	526	0
119912	p,661	189	ít-tí	vulva		Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]	74	1.1.1.2	Eastern Tani	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
116356	661,1429	189	tí-muit	hair (pubic)		Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]	74	1.1.1.2	Eastern Tani	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
174557	p,661	1253	ɯt-tɯ	vulva / vagina		Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]	74	1.1.1.2	Eastern Tani	1	Sun J 93 HCST	JS-HCST		0
157672	661,1429	498	tɯ-miː	pubic hair (female)		Damu	74	1.1.1.2	Eastern Tani	1	Sun J 93 Tani	JS-Tani		0
160675	p,661	498	ʔɯt-tɯ	vulva		Damu	74	1.1.1.2	Eastern Tani	1	Sun J 93 Tani	JS-Tani		0
500640	661	1920	tshuu	VULVA / VAGINA		*Chin	8	1.2	Kuki-Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	609	0
342801	661	1802	su	vagina		Kuki-Chin	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	Haokip 98	Qbp-KC	10.4.1	0
342805	661,363	1802	su◦mul	female pubic hair		Kuki-Chin	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	Haokip 98	Qbp-KC	10.4.5	0
444529	661	1927	sū	vagina		Sizang	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	609	0
444527	661	1926	sûu	vagina		Thado	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	609	0
5494	661	1589	sú	vagina		Tiddim	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	526	0
444526	661	1925	su¹	vulva		Tiddim	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	609	0
444528	661	1928	su	vulva		Cho (Mindat)	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	609	0
444530	661	1929	thuu	vulva, vagina		Khumi	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	609	0
441470	m,661	861	bêel-tshùu	dimple (lit. "cheek vagina")		Lai (Hakha)	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Van Bik, K. 95 Lai	KVB-Lai		0
444524	661	1923	sûu	vulva, vagina		Lai (Falam)	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	609	0
441469	661	1947	tshùu	vagina		Lai (Hakha)	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	609	0
119915	661	978	chhu	vulva		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
444525	661	1924	chhû	vulva, private parts (of a female)		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	609	0
5493	661	975	tshû	vagina		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	526	0
303609	661	985	tśhu	vulva / notch (v.)		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	53n178	1
444523	661	1921	chhú	vulva		Lakher [Mara]	71	1.2.3	Maraic	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	609	0
119914	661,665b	871	chhu-khao	vulva		Lakher [Mara]	71	1.2.3	Maraic	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
2457	661	870	³tshu	vagina		Lakher [Mara]	71	1.2.3	Maraic	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	62	0
131777	661	805	su	vagina		Kom Rem	72	1.2.4	“Old Kuki”	0	Toba 91 KRQ	T-KomRQ	10.4.1	0
131779	661,m	805	su-də	hymen		Kom Rem	72	1.2.4	“Old Kuki”	0	Toba 91 KRQ	T-KomRQ	10.4.3	0
131781	661,363	805	su-mih	female pubic hair		Kom Rem	72	1.2.4	“Old Kuki”	0	Toba 91 KRQ	T-KomRQ	10.4.5	0
131780	661,m	805	su-mətʰer	clitoris		Kom Rem	72	1.2.4	“Old Kuki”	0	Toba 91 KRQ	T-KomRQ	10.4.4	0
131778	661,m	805	su-ner	vulva / labia		Kom Rem	72	1.2.4	“Old Kuki”	0	Toba 91 KRQ	T-KomRQ	10.4.2	0
150464	661	1112	sòw	vagina		Moyon	72	1.2.4	“Old Kuki”	0	Kosha 90	DK-Moyon	10.4.1	0
150465	661,665b,661,665b	1112	sòw◦khùr ~ sowr◦khùr	vulva / labia		Moyon	72	1.2.4	“Old Kuki”	0	Kosha 90	DK-Moyon	10.4.2	0
150466	661,363,661,363	1112	sòw◦mòwr ~ sow◦mòwr	female pubic hair		Moyon	72	1.2.4	“Old Kuki”	0	Kosha 90	DK-Moyon	10.4.5	0
5492	p,661	962	¹o²šɯ(ʔ)	vagina		Lotha Naga	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	526	0
5491	661	1671	(¹)\|tšuʔ	vagina		Yimchungrü	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	526	0
2456	661	1038	thù	vagina		Meithei	13	1.4	Meithei	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	62	0
119917	661	1042	thù	vagina		Meithei	13	1.4	Meithei	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
10670	661,453	1040	thu◦ban	vulva / labia		Meithei	13	1.4	Meithei	1	Singh 91 MeiQ	CYS-Meithei	10.4.2	0
10669	661,m	1040	thu◦məkhun	vagina		Meithei	13	1.4	Meithei	1	Singh 91 MeiQ	CYS-Meithei	10.4.1	0
2454	664,661	1036	ki◦ʈuʔ	vagina		Meche	80	1.7.1.1	Bodo	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	62	0
5488	661	1187	¹thu	vagina		Nocte	84	1.7.2.1	Tangsa-Nocte	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	526	0
2455	661	786	¹²taᴜʔ	vagina		Khiamngan	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	62	0
441371	661	1911	ʃɯʔ³³	vagina		Phom	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	Matisoff 93 PC	JAM-II		0
128330	662,661	378	pha◦šu	vagina		Bunan	20	2.1.1	Western Himalayish	0	Sharma, S.R. 91 Bu	SBN-BunQ	10.4.1	0
119908	1349,661	732	s̱ẖik◦ts	vagina		Kanauri	20	2.1.1	Western Himalayish	0	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		2
131408	662,661	1005	pha◦ṣu	vagina		Pattani [Manchati]	20	2.1.1	Western Himalayish	0	Sharma, S.R. 91 Ma	STP-ManQ	10.4.1	0
18753	662,661	1262	pʰə◦ʂu	vagina		Pattani [Manchati]	20	2.1.1	Western Himalayish	0	Sharma, D.D. 82 TH	DS-Patt		0
62036	661	1098	thu	vagina	f	Tsangla (Central)	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Egli-Roduner	SER-HSLT	34 5	0
127120	661,405	1426	tu˜◦kup	vagina		Spiti	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Bodh 91	CB-SpitiQ	10.4.1	0
144235	661	1563	stu	vagina		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Michailovsky 91 Kr	BM-PK7	195	0
119906	661	1568	stu	orifice of vagina (vulg.)		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
116122	661	894	tŭ	pudenda muliebria		Lepcha	21	2.1.3	Lepcha	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
79817	661	999	dɯ¹	vulva		Manang (Gyaru)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Nagano 84 Man	YN-Man	042-09	0
126222	3430,661	1455	²tsjum◦ʈu	vagina, vulva	n	Tamang (Risiangku)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Mazaudon 91 TamQ	MM-TamRisQ	10.4.4	0
119922	3430,661	1459	²cjum-t̥u	vagina		Tamang (Sahu)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
116357	661,366	1527	tu-cham	hair (pubic)		Thakali (Tukche)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
67693	661,366	1531	tu-cʰɔm	hair (pubic, female)		Thakali (Tukche)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Hari 71a ThVo	SIL-Thak	2.A.10.2	0
235039	661,661	519	cu◦cu	vagina		Dhimal	60	2.1.5	Dhimal	1	King 94 DhBP	JK-Dh		0
144236	661	129	tu	vagina		*Kiranti	29	2.3	Kiranti	1	Michailovsky 91 Kr	BM-PK7	195	0
148315	661,m,s	1878	tsu◦tsup◦ma	<penis,vagina> child's sex organ		Limbu	31	2.3.1	Eastern Kiranti	1	Driem 88? LimA	SVD-LimA		0
144233	661	323	dhi	vagina		Bantawa	76	2.3.2	Southern Kiranti	1	Michailovsky 91 Kr	BM-PK7	195	0
168841	661	323	dhï	vagina		Bantawa	76	2.3.2	Southern Kiranti	1	Michailovsky 91 Kr	BM-PK7	195	0
119921	661	325	dhï	vagina		Bantawa	76	2.3.2	Southern Kiranti	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
51123	661	327	DhU	vagina		Bantawa	76	2.3.2	Southern Kiranti	1	Rai 85 BnDs	NKR-Bant		0
79437	661	328	dhü	vagina		Bantawa	76	2.3.2	Southern Kiranti	1	Rai 84 BnDc	WW-Bant	27	0
79553	668,1349,661	328	phu◦ci dhü	vagina		Bantawa	76	2.3.2	Southern Kiranti	1	Rai 84 BnDc	WW-Bant	60	0
144234	661	324	ɖhï	vagina		Bantawa	76	2.3.2	Southern Kiranti	1	Michailovsky 91 Kr	BM-PK7	195	0
144231	p,661	544	kaː◦diʔ	vagina		Dumi	77	2.3.3	Central Kiranti	1	Michailovsky 91 Kr	BM-PK7	195	3
72810	p,661	547	kaː◦diʔ	vagina		Dumi	77	2.3.3	Central Kiranti	1	Driem 93 Dumi	SVD-Dum		0
50755	m,661	1545	teor◦ciu	vagina		Thulung	30	2.3.4	Western Kiranti	1	Allen 75	NJA-Thulung		0
144232	661	1542	thiu	vagina		Thulung	30	2.3.4	Western Kiranti	1	Michailovsky 91 Kr	BM-PK7	195	0
50830	661	1545	thiu	vagina	?	Thulung	30	2.3.4	Western Kiranti	1	Allen 75	NJA-Thulung		0
2453	661	442	tuʔ	vagina		Chepang	28	2.4	Kham-Magar-Chepang	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	62	0
128102	661	452	tuʔ	genitalia / pudenda (female)		Chepang (Eastern)	28	2.4	Kham-Magar-Chepang	1	Caughley 90 CheQ	RC-ChepQ	10.1	0
128116	661,m	452	tuʔ◦bleŋ	vulva / labia		Chepang (Eastern)	28	2.4	Kham-Magar-Chepang	1	Caughley 90 CheQ	RC-ChepQ	10.4.2	0
128115	661,m	452	tuʔ◦ghaŋ	vagina		Chepang (Eastern)	28	2.4	Kham-Magar-Chepang	1	Caughley 90 CheQ	RC-ChepQ	10.4.1	0
128118	661,2058	452	tuʔ◦menʔ	female pubic hair		Chepang (Eastern)	28	2.4	Kham-Magar-Chepang	1	Caughley 90 CheQ	RC-ChepQ	10.4.5	0
132254	661	1493	tə̣¹	vulva		Tangut [Xixia]	33	3.1	Tangut	1	Sofronov 97	MVS-Grin		0
351063	661	1807	stə	genitals (female)	n	Daofu	35	3.3	rGyalrongic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0118.12	0
128659	661	560	stə⁵³	vagina		Ergong (Northern)	35	3.3	rGyalrongic	1	Sun H 91 ErNQ	SHK-ErgNQ	10.4	0
128661	661,m	560	stə⁵³ kʰɐ¹³	vulva / labia		Ergong (Northern)	35	3.3	rGyalrongic	1	Sun H 91 ErNQ	SHK-ErgNQ	10.4.2	0
128660	661,m	560	stə⁵³ no¹³	vagina		Ergong (Northern)	35	3.3	rGyalrongic	1	Sun H 91 ErNQ	SHK-ErgNQ	10.4.1	0
128662	661,m	560	stə⁵³ qrə⁵³	hymen		Ergong (Northern)	35	3.3	rGyalrongic	1	Sun H 91 ErNQ	SHK-ErgNQ	10.4.3	0
128666	661,230	560	stə⁵³ si⁵³	menstrual blood		Ergong (Northern)	35	3.3	rGyalrongic	1	Sun H 91 ErNQ	SHK-ErgNQ	10.4.7	0
128665	661,230,m,m	560	stə⁵³ si⁵³ nə⁵³ tʰie¹³	menstruate	v	Ergong (Northern)	35	3.3	rGyalrongic	1	Sun H 91 ErNQ	SHK-ErgNQ	10.4.6	0
128663	661,m	560	stə⁵³ sqrə⁵³	clitoris		Ergong (Northern)	35	3.3	rGyalrongic	1	Sun H 91 ErNQ	SHK-ErgNQ	10.4.4	0
14138	p,661	606	tə ɕtu	genitalia / pudenda		rGyalrong	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Dai 89 Jiar	DQ-Jiarong	10.1	0
14146	p,661	606	tə ɕtu	vagina		rGyalrong	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Dai 89 Jiar	DQ-Jiarong	10.4.1	0
14149	p,661,230	606	tə ɕtu ɕi	menstrual blood		rGyalrong	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Dai 89 Jiar	DQ-Jiarong	10.4.7	0
14148	p,661,230,m,m	606	tə ɕtu ɕi kə ɕut	menstruate	v.	rGyalrong	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Dai 89 Jiar	DQ-Jiarong	10.4.6	0
130936	p,661	618	tə◦stə	female; female organ		rGyalrong (NW)	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Sun H 91 rNW	SHK-rGNWQ	10.4	0
130937	p,661,820	618	tə◦stə ku	vagina		rGyalrong (NW)	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Sun H 91 rNW	SHK-rGNWQ	10.4.1	0
130938	p,661,442	618	tə◦stə mtɕʰi	vulva / labia		rGyalrong (NW)	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Sun H 91 rNW	SHK-rGNWQ	10.4.2	0
130941	p,661,368	618	tə◦stə rme	female pubic hair		rGyalrong (NW)	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Sun H 91 rNW	SHK-rGNWQ	10.4.5	0
130939	p,661,m	618	tə◦stə tɕʰim	hymen		rGyalrong (NW)	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Sun H 91 rNW	SHK-rGNWQ	10.4.3	0
130287	p,661	616	tə◦ʃtu	female; female organ		rGyalrong (Eastern)	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Sun H 91 rEQ	SHK-rGEQ	10.4	0
130607	p,661	617	tə◦ʃtu	female; female organ		rGyalrong (Northern)	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Sun H 91 rNQ	SHK-rGNQ	10.4	0
130608	p,661,820,822	617	tə◦ʃtu kʰuŋ◦du	vagina		rGyalrong (Northern)	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Sun H 91 rNQ	SHK-rGNQ	10.4.1	0
130288	p,661,363	616	tə◦ʃtu mor	female pubic hair		rGyalrong (Eastern)	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Sun H 91 rEQ	SHK-rGEQ	10.4.5	0
130611	p,661,368	617	tə◦ʃtu rme	female pubic hair		rGyalrong (Northern)	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Sun H 91 rNQ	SHK-rGNQ	10.4.5	0
130609	p,661,m	617	tə◦ʃtu r̥qʰu	vulva / labia		rGyalrong (Northern)	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Sun H 91 rNQ	SHK-rGNQ	10.4.2	0
234384	661,s	653	tsù máʔ	vulva		Hpun (Northern)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Henderson 86 Hpun	EJAH-Hpun		0
15885	661,662	958	tv̩⁵⁵ bi³¹	vagina		Lolopho	45	6.1.2	Loloish	1	Dai 89 Lolo	DQ-Lolopho	10.4.1	0
15886	661,363	958	tv̩⁵⁵ mɯ³³	female pubic hair		Lolopho	45	6.1.2	Loloish	1	Dai 89 Lolo	DQ-Lolopho	10.4.5	0
292151	661	879	tù	vagina		Lalo	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Björverud 94	SB-Lalo		0
9443	661	878	tu̪²¹	vagina		Lalo	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Chen 86 Yi	CK-YiQ	10.4.1	0
9444	661,1232	878	tu̪²¹ tɕʰy⁵⁵	female pubic hair		Lalo	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Chen 86 Yi	CK-YiQ	10.4.5	0
296505	661,662	904	tu⁵⁵bi²¹	vagina		Lipho	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Chen 86 Yi	CK-YiQ	10.4.1	0
15985	661	1218	tɯ⁵⁵	vagina		Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Dai 89 NusA	DQ-NusuA	143.	0
47573	661,662	216	to⁵⁵ bi̱²¹	genitalia / pudenda (general)		Ahi	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Luo 90	LMZ-AhiQ	10.1	0
47586	661,662,m,m	216	to⁵⁵ bi̱²¹ ne̱³³ ba⁵⁵	vagina		Ahi	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Luo 90	LMZ-AhiQ	10.4.1	0
47587	661,662,m	216	to⁵⁵ bi̱²¹ ni²¹	vulva / labia		Ahi	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Luo 90	LMZ-AhiQ	10.4.2	4
47574	661,662,m	216	to⁵⁵ bi̱²¹ tʂʻɛ²²	copulate	v.	Ahi	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Luo 90	LMZ-AhiQ	10.2	0
47589	661,M,M	216	to⁵⁵ lo²² zo²¹	clitoris		Ahi	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Luo 90	LMZ-AhiQ	10.4.4	0
47590	661,m	216	to⁵⁵ nɯ̱³³	female pubic hair		Ahi	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Luo 90	LMZ-AhiQ	10.4.5	0
47588	661,m,m	216	to⁵⁵ tɕi²² zo²¹	hymen		Ahi	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Luo 90	LMZ-AhiQ	10.4.3	0
284187	661,662	210	to⁵⁵bi̱²¹	vagina		Ahi	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Chen 86 Yi	CK-YiQ	10.4.1	0
284188	661,m,m	210	to⁵⁵bi̱²¹nɯ̱³³	female pubic hair		Ahi	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Chen 86 Yi	CK-YiQ	10.4.5	0
119903	661,662	925	tu¹-bi⁶	vagina		Lisu	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
32987	661,662	930	tu¹-bi⁶	vulva		Lisu	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	5	0
286655	661,662	943	tu¹-bi⁶	vagina		Lisu (Central)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Fraser 22	JF-HLL		0
10809	661,662	923	tu¹bi⁶	vulva		Lisu	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Bradley 79 PLo	DB-PLolo	123	0
273903	661,662	946	tɔ⁵⁵bi²¹	pudenda	N	Lisu (Northern)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Bradley 94 Lisu	DB-Lisu		0
273904	661,820	946	tɔ⁵⁵khu³³	vagina; orifice	N	Lisu (Northern)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Bradley 94 Lisu	DB-Lisu		0
51278	661,3432	344	tɔ◦hɔ́ŋ	vagina		Bisu	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Beaudouin 88 Bisu	PB-Bisu	16	0
51280	661,662	344	tɔ◦pɛ́	vulva		Bisu	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Beaudouin 88 Bisu	PB-Bisu	16	0
51200	661,1626	344	tɔ◦tshìŋ	clitoris		Bisu	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Beaudouin 88 Bisu	PB-Bisu	13	0
435254	661,662	1120	to²phe²	vagina		Mpi	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Srinuan 76	SD-MPD		0
119905	662,661	1286	pə̀ tò	vulva		Côông [Phunoi]	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
119897	661	1256	zu	vagina		Palaychi	50	7	Karenic	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
56339	661	1259	zù	vagina		Palaychi	50	7	Karenic	1	Jones 61	RBJ-KLS	17	0

analysis

lgid

reflex

gloss

gfn

language

grpid

grpno

grp

genetic

citation

srcabbr

srcid

515955

661

2012

s-|tu

vagina / vulva

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Matisoff 03 HPTB

JAM-HPTB

615

441372

m,661

1912

a³¹ tɯi⁵⁵

vagina

Sulung [Puroik]

1.1

“North Assam”

Matisoff 93 PC

JAM-II

283459

661

173

tɯ

vulva / vagina

*Tani

1.1.1

Tani

Sun J 93 HCST

JS-HCST

450

160585

p,661

285

a-tú

vagina

Apatani

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Sun J 93 Tani

JS-Tani

5486

p,661

283

²a²tu

vagina

Apatani

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

526

174556

661

333

tiː

vulva / vagina

Bengni

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Sun J 93 HCST

JS-HCST

495555

p,661

1979

ɨt◦tə

vagina

Galo

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09

GLDC-GED

5487

p,661

563

ˆɯt-tɤ

vagina

Galo

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

526

119912

p,661

189

ít-tí

vulva

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]

1.1.1.2

Eastern Tani

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

116356

661,1429

189

tí-muit

hair (pubic)

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]

1.1.1.2

Eastern Tani

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

174557

p,661

1253

ɯt-tɯ

vulva / vagina

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]

1.1.1.2

Eastern Tani

Sun J 93 HCST

JS-HCST

157672

661,1429

498

tɯ-miː

pubic hair (female)

Damu

1.1.1.2

Eastern Tani

Sun J 93 Tani

JS-Tani

160675

p,661

498

ʔɯt-tɯ

vulva

Damu

1.1.1.2

Eastern Tani

Sun J 93 Tani

JS-Tani

500640

661

1920

tshuu

VULVA / VAGINA

*Chin

1.2

Kuki-Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

609

342801

661

1802

vagina

Kuki-Chin

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

Haokip 98

Qbp-KC

10.4.1

342805

661,363

1802

su◦mul

female pubic hair

Kuki-Chin

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

Haokip 98

Qbp-KC

10.4.5

444529

661

1927

sū

vagina

Sizang

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

609

444527

661

1926

sûu

vagina

Thado

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

609

5494

661

1589

sú

vagina

Tiddim

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

526

444526

661

1925

su¹

vulva

Tiddim

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

609

444528

661

1928

vulva

Cho (Mindat)

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

609

444530

661

1929

thuu

vulva, vagina

Khumi

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

609

441470

m,661

861

bêel-tshùu

dimple (lit. "cheek vagina")

Lai (Hakha)

1.2.2

Central Chin

Van Bik, K. 95 Lai

KVB-Lai

444524

661

1923

sûu

vulva, vagina

Lai (Falam)

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

609

441469

661

1947

tshùu

vagina

Lai (Hakha)

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

609

119915

661

978

chhu

vulva

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

444525

661

1924

chhû

vulva, private parts (of a female)

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

609

5493

661

975

tshû

vagina

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

526

303609

661

985

tśhu

vulva / notch (v.)

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Benedict 72 STC

STC

53n178

444523

661

1921

chhú

vulva

Lakher [Mara]

1.2.3

Maraic

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

609

119914

661,665b

871

chhu-khao

vulva

Lakher [Mara]

1.2.3

Maraic

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

2457

661

870

³tshu

vagina

Lakher [Mara]

1.2.3

Maraic

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

131777

661

805

vagina

Kom Rem

1.2.4

“Old Kuki”

Toba 91 KRQ

T-KomRQ

10.4.1

131779

661,m

805

su-də

hymen

Kom Rem

1.2.4

“Old Kuki”

Toba 91 KRQ

T-KomRQ

10.4.3

131781

661,363

805

su-mih

female pubic hair

Kom Rem

1.2.4

“Old Kuki”

Toba 91 KRQ

T-KomRQ

10.4.5

131780

661,m

805

su-mətʰer

clitoris

Kom Rem

1.2.4

“Old Kuki”

Toba 91 KRQ

T-KomRQ

10.4.4

131778

661,m

805

su-ner

vulva / labia

Kom Rem

1.2.4

“Old Kuki”

Toba 91 KRQ

T-KomRQ

10.4.2

150464

661

1112

sòw

vagina

Moyon

1.2.4

“Old Kuki”

Kosha 90

DK-Moyon

10.4.1

150465

661,665b,661,665b

1112

sòw◦khùr ~ sowr◦khùr

vulva / labia

Moyon

1.2.4

“Old Kuki”

Kosha 90

DK-Moyon

10.4.2

150466

661,363,661,363

1112

sòw◦mòwr ~ sow◦mòwr

female pubic hair

Moyon

1.2.4

“Old Kuki”

Kosha 90

DK-Moyon

10.4.5

5492

p,661

962

¹o²šɯ(ʔ)

vagina

Lotha Naga

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

526

5491

661

1671

(¹)|tšuʔ

vagina

Yimchungrü

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

526

2456

661

1038

thù

vagina

Meithei

1.4

Meithei

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

119917

661

1042

thù

vagina

Meithei

1.4

Meithei

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

10670

661,453

1040

thu◦ban

vulva / labia

Meithei

1.4

Meithei

Singh 91 MeiQ

CYS-Meithei

10.4.2

10669

661,m

1040

thu◦məkhun

vagina

Meithei

1.4

Meithei

Singh 91 MeiQ

CYS-Meithei

10.4.1

2454

664,661

1036

ki◦ʈuʔ

vagina

Meche

1.7.1.1

Bodo

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

5488

661

1187

¹thu

vagina

Nocte

1.7.2.1

Tangsa-Nocte

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

526

2455

661

786

¹²taᴜʔ

vagina

Khiamngan

1.7.2.2

Konyak-Chang

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

441371

661

1911

ʃɯʔ³³

vagina

Phom

1.7.2.2

Konyak-Chang

Matisoff 93 PC

JAM-II

128330

662,661

378

pha◦šu

vagina

Bunan

2.1.1

Western Himalayish

Sharma, S.R. 91 Bu

SBN-BunQ

10.4.1

119908

1349,661

732

s̱ẖik◦ts

vagina

Kanauri

2.1.1

Western Himalayish

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

131408

662,661

1005

pha◦ṣu

vagina

Pattani [Manchati]

2.1.1

Western Himalayish

Sharma, S.R. 91 Ma

STP-ManQ

10.4.1

18753

662,661

1262

pʰə◦ʂu

vagina

Pattani [Manchati]

2.1.1

Western Himalayish

Sharma, D.D. 82 TH

DS-Patt

62036

661

1098

thu

vagina

Tsangla (Central)

2.1.2

Bodic

Egli-Roduner

SER-HSLT

34 5

127120

661,405

1426

tu˜◦kup

vagina

Spiti

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Bodh 91

CB-SpitiQ

10.4.1

144235

661

1563

stu

vagina

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Michailovsky 91 Kr

BM-PK7

195

119906

661

1568

stu

orifice of vagina (vulg.)

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

116122

661

894

tŭ

pudenda muliebria

Lepcha

2.1.3

Lepcha

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

79817

661

999

dɯ¹

vulva

Manang (Gyaru)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Nagano 84 Man

YN-Man

042-09

126222

3430,661

1455

²tsjum◦ʈu

vagina, vulva

Tamang (Risiangku)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Mazaudon 91 TamQ

MM-TamRisQ

10.4.4

119922

3430,661

1459

²cjum-t̥u

vagina

Tamang (Sahu)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

116357

661,366

1527

tu-cham

hair (pubic)

Thakali (Tukche)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

67693

661,366

1531

tu-cʰɔm

hair (pubic, female)

Thakali (Tukche)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Hari 71a ThVo

SIL-Thak

2.A.10.2

235039

661,661

519

cu◦cu

vagina

Dhimal

2.1.5

Dhimal

King 94 DhBP

JK-Dh

144236

661

129

vagina

*Kiranti

2.3

Kiranti

Michailovsky 91 Kr

BM-PK7

195

148315

661,m,s

1878

tsu◦tsup◦ma

<penis,vagina> child's sex organ

Limbu

2.3.1

Eastern Kiranti

Driem 88? LimA

SVD-LimA

144233

661

323

dhi

vagina

Bantawa

2.3.2

Southern Kiranti

Michailovsky 91 Kr

BM-PK7

195

168841

661

323

dhï

vagina

Bantawa

2.3.2

Southern Kiranti

Michailovsky 91 Kr

BM-PK7

195

119921

661

325

dhï

vagina

Bantawa

2.3.2

Southern Kiranti

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

51123

661

327

DhU

vagina

Bantawa

2.3.2

Southern Kiranti

Rai 85 BnDs

NKR-Bant

79437

661

328

dhü

vagina

Bantawa

2.3.2

Southern Kiranti

Rai 84 BnDc

WW-Bant

79553

668,1349,661

328

phu◦ci dhü

vagina

Bantawa

2.3.2

Southern Kiranti

Rai 84 BnDc

WW-Bant

144234

661

324

ɖhï

vagina

Bantawa

2.3.2

Southern Kiranti

Michailovsky 91 Kr

BM-PK7

195

144231

p,661

544

kaː◦diʔ

vagina

Dumi

2.3.3

Central Kiranti

Michailovsky 91 Kr

BM-PK7

195

72810

p,661

547

kaː◦diʔ

vagina

Dumi

2.3.3

Central Kiranti

Driem 93 Dumi

SVD-Dum

50755

m,661

1545

teor◦ciu

vagina

Thulung

2.3.4

Western Kiranti

Allen 75

NJA-Thulung

144232

661

1542

thiu

vagina

Thulung

2.3.4

Western Kiranti

Michailovsky 91 Kr

BM-PK7

195

50830

661

1545

thiu

vagina

Thulung

2.3.4

Western Kiranti

Allen 75

NJA-Thulung

2453

661

442

tuʔ

vagina

Chepang

2.4

Kham-Magar-Chepang

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

128102

661

452

tuʔ

genitalia / pudenda (female)

Chepang (Eastern)

2.4

Kham-Magar-Chepang

Caughley 90 CheQ

RC-ChepQ

10.1

128116

661,m

452

tuʔ◦bleŋ

vulva / labia

Chepang (Eastern)

2.4

Kham-Magar-Chepang

Caughley 90 CheQ

RC-ChepQ

10.4.2

128115

661,m

452

tuʔ◦ghaŋ

vagina

Chepang (Eastern)

2.4

Kham-Magar-Chepang

Caughley 90 CheQ

RC-ChepQ

10.4.1

128118

661,2058

452

tuʔ◦menʔ

female pubic hair

Chepang (Eastern)

2.4

Kham-Magar-Chepang

Caughley 90 CheQ

RC-ChepQ

10.4.5

132254

661

1493

tə̣¹

vulva

Tangut [Xixia]

3.1

Tangut

Sofronov 97

MVS-Grin

351063

661

1807

stə

genitals (female)

Daofu

3.3

rGyalrongic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0118.12

128659

661

560

stə⁵³

vagina

Ergong (Northern)

3.3

rGyalrongic

Sun H 91 ErNQ

SHK-ErgNQ

10.4

128661

661,m

560

stə⁵³ kʰɐ¹³

vulva / labia

Ergong (Northern)

3.3

rGyalrongic

Sun H 91 ErNQ

SHK-ErgNQ

10.4.2

128660

661,m

560

stə⁵³ no¹³

vagina

Ergong (Northern)

3.3

rGyalrongic

Sun H 91 ErNQ

SHK-ErgNQ

10.4.1

128662

661,m

560

stə⁵³ qrə⁵³

hymen

Ergong (Northern)

3.3

rGyalrongic

Sun H 91 ErNQ

SHK-ErgNQ

10.4.3

128666

661,230

560

stə⁵³ si⁵³

menstrual blood

Ergong (Northern)

3.3

rGyalrongic

Sun H 91 ErNQ

SHK-ErgNQ

10.4.7

128665

661,230,m,m

560

stə⁵³ si⁵³ nə⁵³ tʰie¹³

menstruate

Ergong (Northern)

3.3

rGyalrongic

Sun H 91 ErNQ

SHK-ErgNQ

10.4.6

128663

661,m

560

stə⁵³ sqrə⁵³

clitoris

Ergong (Northern)

3.3

rGyalrongic

Sun H 91 ErNQ

SHK-ErgNQ

10.4.4

14138

p,661

606

tə ɕtu

genitalia / pudenda

rGyalrong

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Dai 89 Jiar

DQ-Jiarong

10.1

14146

p,661

606

tə ɕtu

vagina

rGyalrong

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Dai 89 Jiar

DQ-Jiarong

10.4.1

14149

p,661,230

606

tə ɕtu ɕi

menstrual blood

rGyalrong

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Dai 89 Jiar

DQ-Jiarong

10.4.7

14148

p,661,230,m,m

606

tə ɕtu ɕi kə ɕut

menstruate

rGyalrong

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Dai 89 Jiar

DQ-Jiarong

10.4.6

130936

p,661

618

tə◦stə

female; female organ

rGyalrong (NW)

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Sun H 91 rNW

SHK-rGNWQ

10.4

130937

p,661,820

618

tə◦stə ku

vagina

rGyalrong (NW)

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Sun H 91 rNW

SHK-rGNWQ

10.4.1

130938

p,661,442

618

tə◦stə mtɕʰi

vulva / labia

rGyalrong (NW)

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Sun H 91 rNW

SHK-rGNWQ

10.4.2

130941

p,661,368

618

tə◦stə rme

female pubic hair

rGyalrong (NW)

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Sun H 91 rNW

SHK-rGNWQ

10.4.5

130939

p,661,m

618

tə◦stə tɕʰim

hymen

rGyalrong (NW)

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Sun H 91 rNW

SHK-rGNWQ

10.4.3

130287

p,661

616

tə◦ʃtu

female; female organ

rGyalrong (Eastern)

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Sun H 91 rEQ

SHK-rGEQ

10.4

130607

p,661

617

tə◦ʃtu

female; female organ

rGyalrong (Northern)

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Sun H 91 rNQ

SHK-rGNQ

10.4

130608

p,661,820,822

617

tə◦ʃtu kʰuŋ◦du

vagina

rGyalrong (Northern)

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Sun H 91 rNQ

SHK-rGNQ

10.4.1

130288

p,661,363

616

tə◦ʃtu mor

female pubic hair

rGyalrong (Eastern)

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Sun H 91 rEQ

SHK-rGEQ

10.4.5

130611

p,661,368

617

tə◦ʃtu rme

female pubic hair

rGyalrong (Northern)

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Sun H 91 rNQ

SHK-rGNQ

10.4.5

130609

p,661,m

617

tə◦ʃtu r̥qʰu

vulva / labia

rGyalrong (Northern)

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Sun H 91 rNQ

SHK-rGNQ

10.4.2

234384

661,s

653

tsù máʔ

vulva

Hpun (Northern)

6.1.1

Burmish

Henderson 86 Hpun

EJAH-Hpun

15885

661,662

958

tv̩⁵⁵ bi³¹

vagina

Lolopho

6.1.2

Loloish

Dai 89 Lolo

DQ-Lolopho

10.4.1

15886

661,363

958

tv̩⁵⁵ mɯ³³

female pubic hair

Lolopho

6.1.2

Loloish

Dai 89 Lolo

DQ-Lolopho

10.4.5

292151

661

879

tù

vagina

Lalo

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Björverud 94

SB-Lalo

9443

661

878

tu̪²¹

vagina

Lalo

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Chen 86 Yi

CK-YiQ

10.4.1

9444

661,1232

878

tu̪²¹ tɕʰy⁵⁵

female pubic hair

Lalo

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Chen 86 Yi

CK-YiQ

10.4.5

296505

661,662

904

tu⁵⁵bi²¹

vagina

Lipho

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Chen 86 Yi

CK-YiQ

10.4.1

15985

661

1218

tɯ⁵⁵

vagina

Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Dai 89 NusA

DQ-NusuA

143.

47573

661,662

216

to⁵⁵ bi̱²¹

genitalia / pudenda (general)

Ahi

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Luo 90

LMZ-AhiQ

10.1

47586

661,662,m,m

216

to⁵⁵ bi̱²¹ ne̱³³ ba⁵⁵

vagina

Ahi

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Luo 90

LMZ-AhiQ

10.4.1

47587

661,662,m

216

to⁵⁵ bi̱²¹ ni²¹

vulva / labia

Ahi

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Luo 90

LMZ-AhiQ

10.4.2

47574

661,662,m

216

to⁵⁵ bi̱²¹ tʂʻɛ²²

copulate

Ahi

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Luo 90

LMZ-AhiQ

10.2

47589

661,M,M

216

to⁵⁵ lo²² zo²¹

clitoris

Ahi

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Luo 90

LMZ-AhiQ

10.4.4

47590

661,m

216

to⁵⁵ nɯ̱³³

female pubic hair

Ahi

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Luo 90

LMZ-AhiQ

10.4.5

47588

661,m,m

216

to⁵⁵ tɕi²² zo²¹

hymen

Ahi

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Luo 90

LMZ-AhiQ

10.4.3

284187

661,662

210

to⁵⁵bi̱²¹

vagina

Ahi

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Chen 86 Yi

CK-YiQ

10.4.1

284188

661,m,m

210

to⁵⁵bi̱²¹nɯ̱³³

female pubic hair

Ahi

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Chen 86 Yi

CK-YiQ

10.4.5

119903

661,662

925

tu¹-bi⁶

vagina

Lisu

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

32987

661,662

930

tu¹-bi⁶

vulva

Lisu

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

286655

661,662

943

tu¹-bi⁶

vagina

Lisu (Central)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Fraser 22

JF-HLL

10809

661,662

923

tu¹bi⁶

vulva

Lisu

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Bradley 79 PLo

DB-PLolo

123

273903

661,662

946

tɔ⁵⁵bi²¹

pudenda

Lisu (Northern)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Bradley 94 Lisu

DB-Lisu

273904

661,820

946

tɔ⁵⁵khu³³

vagina; orifice

Lisu (Northern)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Bradley 94 Lisu

DB-Lisu

51278

661,3432

344

tɔ◦hɔ́ŋ

vagina

Bisu

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Beaudouin 88 Bisu

PB-Bisu

51280

661,662

344

tɔ◦pɛ́

vulva

Bisu

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Beaudouin 88 Bisu

PB-Bisu

51200

661,1626

344

tɔ◦tshìŋ

clitoris

Bisu

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Beaudouin 88 Bisu

PB-Bisu

435254

661,662

1120

to²phe²

vagina

Mpi

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Srinuan 76

SD-MPD

119905

662,661

1286

pə̀ tò

vulva

Côông [Phunoi]

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

119897

661

1256

vagina

Palaychi

Karenic

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

56339

661

1259

zù

vagina

Palaychi

Karenic

Jones 61

RBJ-KLS

Chinese comparandum

Comment: Cf. comparanda for #5689 PTB *tuk ⪤ *(t/d)wa(k/ŋ) MEET, in particular the etyma 屬 zhǔ and 屬 shǔ.

^ 1.

STC tentatively assigns Lushai (Mizo) tśhu to *tsyuk (below, #1356 PTB *dzyuk ⪤ *tsyuk VULVA), though I prefer the present analysis.

^ 2.

Notice the reduction of the vowel to zero in Kanauri ts.

^ 3.

For the front vowel in Dumi diʔ, cf. the variously transcribed Bantawa forms, probably actually with [ɨ].

^ 4.

Ahi ni²¹ is the same as the first syllable of Ahi ni²¹ tɕi²² ‘lip’.

#661 PTB *s-tu VAGINA / VULVA

Chinese comparandum