STEDT Etymon #5531
4.0 Kinship Terms, Ethnonyms, Social Roles > 4.4 Groups > 4.4.3 Outsiders
#5531 PTB *d-gra STRANGER / ENEMY |
The Qiangic / rGyalrongic forms are probably borrowings from Tibetan. This root is undoubtedly allofamically related to #2596 PTB *g‑raːl ⪤ *g‑ran ⪤ *ray ENEMY / FIGHT / QUARREL / STRIFE / SWORD / WAR.
A Chinese comparandum 旅 OC gli̯o GSR #77a Mand. lyǔ ‘guest, stranger; traveller’ has been suggested by Gong Hwang-cherng (2001:27). The semantic connection between ‘enemy’ and ‘guest’ is paralleled in Indo-European: PIE *ghos‑ti‑ > PGermanic *gastiz ‘guest’, Latin hostis ‘enemy’ (< ‘stranger’). Cf. also the opposed meanings of English ‘host’: (a) ‘entertainer of guests’, (b) ‘army of foes’.
| rn | analysis | lgid | reflex | gloss | gfn | language | grpid | grpno | grp | genetic | citation | srcabbr | srcid | rn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 515003 | 5531 | 2012 | gra | stranger / guest / enemy | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Matisoff 03 HPTB | JAM-HPTB | 591 | 0 | |
| 355136 | 5531,s | 1848 | ɣdʑa jæ | enemy (personal) / antagonizer | n | Tibetan (Alike) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0197.05 | 0 |
| 195133 | 5531,s | 1550 | hdʑa ja | enemy | Tibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 297.4 | 0 | |
| 36030 | 5531,s | 1584 | dʐa ya | enemy | Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun J 85 Amdo | JS-Amdo | 232 | 0 | |
| 195109 | 5531,s | 1585 | rɟja ja | enemy | Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 297.5 | 0 | |
| 355134 | 5531,s | 1826 | dʐa⁵⁵jɛ⁵⁵ | enemy (personal) / antagonizer | n | Tibetan (Batang) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0197.03 | 0 |
| 195108 | 5531 | 1380 | dʐa⁵³ | enemy | Tibetan (Khams:Dege) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 297.3 | 0 | |
| 195132 | 5531 | 1557 | tʂau¹⁵ | enemy | Tibetan (Lhasa) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 297.2 | 0 | |
| 355133 | 5531,s | 1815 | tʂa¹³wo⁵⁵ | enemy (personal) / antagonizer | n | Tibetan (Lhasa) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0197.02 | 0 |
| 68961 | 5531 | 1427 | ɖá | enemy | Tibetan (Spiti) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sharma, S.R. 79 Sp | SRS-PSS | 0 | ||
| 254328 | 5531 | 1564 | dgra | enemy | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 195107 | 5531 | 1582 | dgra | enemy | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 297.1 | 0 | |
| 355132 | 5531,s | 1804 | dgra bo | enemy (personal) / antagonizer | n | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0197.01 | 0 |
| 37814 | 5531 | 1575 | dgra.? | enemy | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun J 85 TbGl | JS-Tib | 232 | 0 | |
| 355135 | 5531,s | 1837 | dʑa ja | enemy (personal) / antagonizer | n | Tibetan (Xiahe) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0197.04 | 0 |
| 48339 | 5531 | 171 | ᴮgra | enemy | *TGTM | 23 | 2.1.4 | Tamangish | 1 | Mazaudon 78 Tam | MM-K78 | 60 | 0 | |
| 175615 | 5531 | 172 | ᴮgra | enemy | *TGTM | 23 | 2.1.4 | Tamangish | 1 | Mazaudon 94 These | MM-Thesis | 177 | 0 | |
| 48217 | 5531 | 1001 | ⁴hřʌ | enemy | Manang (Ngawal) | 23 | 2.1.4 | Tamangish | 1 | Mazaudon 78 Tam | MM-K78 | 60 | 0 | |
| 175614 | 5531 | 1003 | ⁴hrɤ | enemy | Manang (Prakaa) | 23 | 2.1.4 | Tamangish | 1 | Mazaudon 94 These | MM-Thesis | 177 | 0 | |
| 48215 | 5531 | 1523 | ⁴ʈʌ | enemy | Thakali (Marpha) | 23 | 2.1.4 | Tamangish | 1 | Mazaudon 78 Tam | MM-K78 | 60 | 0 | |
| 48216 | 5531 | 1525 | ᴸʈa | enemy | Thakali (Syang) | 23 | 2.1.4 | Tamangish | 1 | Mazaudon 78 Tam | MM-K78 | 60 | 0 | |
| 175613 | 5531 | 1530 | ⁴ʈə | enemy | Thakali (Tukche) | 23 | 2.1.4 | Tamangish | 1 | Mazaudon 94 These | MM-Thesis | 177 | 0 | |
| 48214 | 5531 | 1529 | ⁴ʈʌ | enemy | Thakali (Tukche) | 23 | 2.1.4 | Tamangish | 1 | Mazaudon 78 Tam | MM-K78 | 60 | 0 | |
| 355147 | 5531 | 1811 | dʐu̵³⁵ | enemy (personal) / antagonizer | n | Guiqiong | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0197.16 | 0 |
| 355146 | 5531,m | 1810 | dʐa³³ɦu⁵³ | enemy (personal) / antagonizer | n | Muya | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0197.15 | 0 |
| 195113 | 5531,m | 1136 | dʐa³⁵wu³³ | enemy | Muya [Minyak] | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 297.15 | 0 | |
| 355141 | 5531,m,m | 1805 | dʐə³⁵ɕə⁵⁵pe⁵⁵ | enemy (personal) / antagonizer | n | Pumi (Jiulong) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0197.10 | 0 |
| 195112 | 5531 | 1306 | bʐɯ⁵⁵ | enemy | Pumi (Qinghua) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 297.11 | 0 | |
| 195136 | 5531,m | 1309 | dʐa⁵³wu⁵⁵ | enemy | Pumi (Taoba) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 297.10 | 0 | |
| 195139 | 5531 | 1699 | dʐa³⁵ | enemy | Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba] | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 297.16 | 0 | |
| 355144 | 5531 | 1808 | ʒdʒa⁵⁵ | enemy (personal) / antagonizer | n | Queyu (Xinlong) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0197.13 | 0 |
| 195141 | 5531 | 1409 | dʐɑ³⁵ | enemy | Xumi | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 297.20 | 0 | |
| 355145 | 5531 | 1809 | dʐa³³ | enemy (personal) / antagonizer | n | Zhaba (Daofu County) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0197.14 | 0 |
| 355143 | 5531,m | 1807 | dʐa wu | enemy (personal) / antagonizer | n | Daofu | 35 | 3.3 | rGyalrongic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0197.12 | 0 |
| 355142 | m,5531 | 1806 | tə grə | enemy (personal) / antagonizer | n | rGyalrong (Maerkang) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0197.11 | 0 |
| 195137 | 5531 | 1340 | təngrɐ | enemy | rGyalrong | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 297.12 | 0 | |
| 330638 | 5531,m | 1797 | ʁgrɐ(-jɐ) | enemy | Caodeng | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Sun J 97 Cao | JS-Caodeng | 0 | ||
| 332921 | m,5531 | 1799 | tə-|grɐ | enemy | rGBenzhen | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Sun J 97 rGB | JS-rGBenzhe | 0 |
旅 OC *gli̯o, GSR #77a ‘guest, stranger; traveller; to travel, lodge; lodging’; Schuessler 2007:367 *raʔ; B & S 2011: *raʔ {[r]aʔ}; Mand. lǚ.