STEDT Etymon #547

This etymon seems basically to belong in masculine semantic space, since most TB reflexes mean PENIS. The likely Chinese comparandum 牡, Mand. mǔ, means MALE (of certain birds and animals; see below), and this sense also occurs in TB (see Taraon mau‑a, below), implying that MALE is the more original meaning.

Benedict 1979¹ suggests a connection with PTB *maːk (better *s‑maːk) ‘son-in-law’ [STC #324; HPTB p. 325]: cf. WT mag‑pa, Lepcha myok, Dhimal hma‑wa, Miri mak‑bo ~ mag‑bo, Jingpho dà‑máʔ, WB səmak, Lahu ɔ̀‑má‑pā, Lushai [Mizo] maːk‑pa. The long vowel is supported by the Mizo form, and the *s‑ prefix is evidenced indirectly by Lepcha (where ‑y‑ < *s‑), and directly by Dhimal and WB. This *s‑ prefix is in turn undoubtedly a reduction of PTB *za SON / CHILD.

Nevertheless, this root has undergone an enantiodromic shift or “genital flipflop” to mean VAGINA in both Karbi and (probably) Newar (neither of these forms was cited in Benedict 1979), so that it was evidently reinterpreted in some areas as ‘genitals (of either sex)’. This makes one wonder whether the root #1353 NEIA *mo VAGINA, reconstructed on the basis of forms from Naga languages, might also be somehow related to the present etymon.

rn	analysis	lgid	reflex	gloss	gfn	language	grpid	grpno	grp	genetic	citation	srcabbr	srcid	rn
8193	547	175	maːk	son in law		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	696	0
72273	547	182	maːk	son-in-law		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Benedict 72 STC	STC	324	0
515416	547	2012	s-\|maːk	son-in-law		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Matisoff 03 HPTB	JAM-HPTB	601	0
283393	547	173	mak-\|bo	son-in-law		*Tani	5	1.1.1	Tani	1	Sun J 93 HCST	JS-HCST	384	0
159081	547	285	mà-\|bo	son-in-law		Apatani	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Sun J 93 Tani	JS-Tani		0
174333	547	287	maʔ-\|bo	son-in-law		Apatani	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Sun J 93 HCST	JS-HCST		0
159085	547	286	maʔ-\|bo	son-in-law		Apatani	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Sun J 93 Tani	JS-Tani		0
151775	547	286	maʔ-\|bo	brother-in-law		Apatani	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Sun J 93 Tani	JS-Tani		0
174334	547	333	mak-\|buː	son-in-law		Bengni	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Sun J 93 HCST	JS-HCST		0
159082	547	334	mak-\|buː	son-in-law		Bengni	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Sun J 93 Tani	JS-Tani		0
159083	547	365	maː-\|bo	son-in-law		Bokar	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Sun J 93 Tani	JS-Tani		0
356532	547	1820	maːbo	son-in-law	n	Bokar	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.24	0
197426	547	368	maː \|bo	son-in-law		Bokar Lhoba	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.51	0
494568	547	1979	magbo	son-in-law	n:kin.	Galo	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09	GLDC-GED		0
490511	547	1979	magbo	daughter's husband	n:kin.	Galo	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09	GLDC-GED		0
494570	547,m	1979	magbo-ayaa	son-in-law (younger)	n:kin.	Galo	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09	GLDC-GED		0
489677	547,m	1979	magbo-ayaa	brother-in-law (younger)	n:kin.	Galo	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09	GLDC-GED		0
494569	547,m	1979	magbo-kai	son-in-law (elder)	n:kin.	Galo	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09	GLDC-GED		0
489676	547,m	1979	magbo-kai	brother-in-law (elder)	n:kin.	Galo	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09	GLDC-GED		0
441412	547,m	188	maːg-reːk	man's girdle or belt		Padam [Abor]	74	1.1.1.2	Eastern Tani	1	Lorrain 07 Abor	JHL-AM		0
174336	547	1253	mak-\|bo	son-in-law		Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]	74	1.1.1.2	Eastern Tani	1	Sun J 93 HCST	JS-HCST		0
118478	547,m	189	mâng-mî	semen		Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]	74	1.1.1.2	Eastern Tani	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		2
159084	547	498	maʔ-\|bo	son-in-law		Damu	74	1.1.1.2	Eastern Tani	1	Sun J 93 Tani	JS-Tani		0
71048	547,547	1076	mak-\|bo ⪤ mag-\|bo	son-in-law		Mishing [Miri]	74	1.1.1.2	Eastern Tani	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	324	0
441413	547,547	1074	maːk-\|bo ~ maːg-\|bo	cousin; son-in-law; brother-in-law		Mishing [Miri]	74	1.1.1.2	Eastern Tani	1	Lorrain 07 Abor	JHL-AM		3
341216	547	1800	mau-a:	male (human)		Darang [Taraon]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Anonymous xx Tar	NEFA-Taraon		0
500823	547	1920	maak	SON-IN-LAW		*Chin	8	1.2	Kuki-Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	792	0
445454	547	1925	maːk¹ (pa¹)	daughter's husband		Tiddim	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	792	0
327886	547	1794	ˊmaːk	son-in-law; brother-in-law	n	Tiddim	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	Henderson 65 TidC	EJAH-TC		0
5964	1012,547	291	sə-máʔ	son in law		Asho	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	696	0
314532	547,s	1779	mak-pa	son-in-law		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Bhaskararao 96 CDB	PB-CLDB	1065	0
71052	547,s	984	maːk-pa	son-in-law		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	324	0
445453	547	1924	má̂ak pà	son-in-law		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	792	0
619394	p,547	2229	a-mjak	IN-LAW		*Central Naga	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Bruhn 14 PCN	DWB-PCN	III.235	0
619007	p,547	2228	(a-)hnak	SON-IN-LAW / BROTHER-IN-LAW		*Ao	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Bruhn 14 PCN	DWB-PCN	II.234	0
619572	p,547	2226	a³-nək¹	brother-in-law / son-in-law	n.	Ao (Chungli)	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Bruhn 14 PCN	DWB-PCN	II.234	0
617980	p,547,m	275	³a¹nɯk²la	son-in-law		Ao (Chungli)	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	1045	0
2919	p,547	275	³ta³miʔ	penis		Ao (Chungli)	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	142	0
451274	p,m,547	1963	[t(ə)]-əm◦hnak	son-in-law	n.	Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Coupe 07 Ao	ARC-GMA		0
620332	p,547,s	2231	o¹-mjak²-o²	in-law relative (male)	n.	Lotha Naga	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Bruhn 14 PCN	DWB-PCN	III.235	0
620331	p,547,s	2231	o¹-mjak²-uʔ³	in-law relative (female)	n.	Lotha Naga	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Bruhn 14 PCN	DWB-PCN	III.235	0
618055	2727,547	1671	²dzɯʔ◦⁽²⁾meak [¹]	son-in-law		Yimchungrü	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	633	0
528857	547	2031	maak	brother-in-law		*Tangkhulic	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Mortensen 12 Tk	DRM-Tk	414	0
525512	m,547	2023	ʔu-maʔ	brother-in-law		Huishu	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Mortensen 12 Tk	DRM-Tk	People.036	0
525046	m,547	2022	ʔa-mok-u	brother-in-law of male (younger)		Kachai	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Mortensen 12 Tk	DRM-Tk	People	0
620945	m,547	2024	kʰə-mɯə	brother-in-law		Tusom	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Mortensen 12 Tk	DRM-Tk	People.039	0
526878	m,547	2025	ʔi-mak	brother-in-law		Ukhrul	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Mortensen 12 Tk	DRM-Tk		0
441414	547	1061	mak	os Veneris (female pubic bone)		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Walker 25 Mik	GDW-DML	98	0
47222	547	1063	mák	vagina		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Grüssner 79 BP	KHG-MikirQ	160	0
47224	547	1063	mák	vulva / labia		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Grüssner 79 BP	KHG-MikirQ	160	0
119937	547,163	1064	mak-phu	mons Veneris		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
31428	m,547	676	dà-máʔ	son (in law)		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Matisoff 74 TJLB	JAM-TJLB	365	0
71049	p,547	685	da-maʔ	son-in-law		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	324	0
338035	547,s	1788	mak◦pa	son-in-law living in father-in-law's house	n	Kanauri	20	2.1.1	Western Himalayish	0	Bailey 11	BAI1911		0
296831	547,s	1085	mak⁵⁵pa⁵⁵	son-in-law		Tsangla (Motuo)	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Zhang Jichuan 86	JZ-CLMenba		0
197405	547,s	1088	mak◦pa (Ch.)	son-in-law		Tsangla (Motuo)	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.7	0
297587	547,s	1089	mak-pa	son-in-law		Tsangla (Tilang)	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Zhang Jichuan 86	JZ-CLMenba		0
298192	547,s	1093	mɑk³⁵po⁵⁵	son-in-law		Tshona (Wenlang)	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Lu 86 CuoM	JZ-CNMenba		0
197429	547,s	1092	mᴀk¹³pu⁵³	son-in-law		Tshona (Mama)	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.6	0
356515	547,s	1851	mak pa	son-in-law (comes calling)	n	Motuo Menba	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.07	0
356514	547,s	1850	mak³⁵pa⁵³	son-in-law	n	Cuona Menba	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.06	0
356513	547,m	1848	ɣmok kwa	son-in-law	n	Tibetan (Alike)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.05	0
197428	547,m	1550	mak kwa	son-in-law		Tibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.4	0
197404	547,m	1585	ɣmak kwa	son-in-law		Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.5	0
291824	547,m	1586	mʌq◦pa·	son-in-law		Tibetan (Balti)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Rangan 75	RAN1975	75	0
197403	547,s	1380	ma⁵³pa⁵³	son-in-law		Tibetan (Khams:Dege)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.3	0
356510	547,s	1815	mak⁵⁵pa⁵⁵	son-in-law	n	Tibetan (Lhasa)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.02	0
356509	547,s	1804	mag pa	son-in-law	n	Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.01	0
197402	547,s	1582	mag pa	son-in-law		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.1	0
71045	547,s	1578	mag-pa	son-in-law		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	324	0
356512	547,m	1837	hmoχ kwa	son-in-law	n	Tibetan (Xiahe)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.04	0
505240	547	1988	myók	son in law	n.	Lepcha	21	2.1.3	Lepcha	1	Plaisier 07 Lepcha	HP-GL		0
71046	547	900	myok	son-in-law		Lepcha	21	2.1.3	Lepcha	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	324	0
178545	547	172	ᴬmaː	son in law		*TGTM	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Mazaudon 94 These	MM-Thesis	747	0
127793	547,1284	436	mɦo◦le	penis		Chantyal	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Noonan 92	NPB-ChanQ	10.3.1	0
5957	547	1468	maːʱ	son in law		Tamang (Bagmati)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	696	0
178540	547	1456	³maː	son-in-law / sister's husband		Tamang (Risiangku)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Mazaudon 94 These	MM-Thesis	747	0
178541	547	1467	³maː	son in law		Tamang (Taglung)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Mazaudon 94 These	MM-Thesis	747	0
178544	547	1526	¹¹maː	son-in-law (of man or woman)		Thakali (Syang)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Mazaudon 94 These	MM-Thesis	747	0
178543	547	1526	ᴸma	son-in-law (of man or woman)		Thakali (Syang)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Mazaudon 94 These	MM-Thesis	747	0
71047	547,s	521	hma-wa	son-in-law		Dhimal	60	2.1.5	Dhimal	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	324	0
9066	547,1019	1177	maa◦si	vagina / breast / milk		Newar (Kathmandu)	27	2.2	Newar	1	Genetti 90 Kath	CG-Kath		0
62373	547,1019	1174	mā◦si	vagina		Newar	27	2.2	Newar	1	Shakya 89	SH-KNw	10.4.1	0
62374	547,1019	1174	mā◦si	vulva / labia		Newar	27	2.2	Newar	1	Shakya 89	SH-KNw	10.4.2	0
5958	547,m	548	mak-cha	son in law		Dungmali	29	2.3	Kiranti	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	696	0
5960	547,m	952	mak-sa	son in law		Lohorong	31	2.3.1	Eastern Kiranti	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	696	0
499718	547,m	1873	mak◦sa	son-in-law; husband of a younger sister	n	Yamphu	31	2.3.1	Eastern Kiranti	1	Rutgers 98	RR-Yamphu	554.21	0
5961	547,m	1649	mak-sa	son in law		Yamphe	31	2.3.1	Eastern Kiranti	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	696	0
5959	547,m	321	mak-cha	son in law		Bantawa	76	2.3.2	Southern Kiranti	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	696	0
344688	547,m	1801	mak◦cha	son-in-law		Bantawa	76	2.3.2	Southern Kiranti	1	Rai 85 BnDs	NKR-Bant		0
61635	547,m	822	mok◦si	son-in-law		Kulung	76	2.3.2	Southern Kiranti	1	Rai 75 Kul	RPHH-Kul		0
5963	547	820	mos	son in law		Kulung	76	2.3.2	Southern Kiranti	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	696	0
5962	547,m	1358	mak-ca	son in law		Sampang	77	2.3.3	Central Kiranti	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	696	0
472132	547	1970	mạ	son-in-law, husband		Tangut [Xixia]	33	3.1	Tangut	1	Li 97 Tangut	LFW1997	4820	0
197435	547,m	561	mo³³pa⁵⁵	son-in-law		Ersu	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.18	0
356526	547,m	1813	mo⁵³pæ⁵³	son-in-law	n	Lyuzu	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.18	0
356517	547,m	1853	m̥i¹³bu⁵⁵	son-in-law	n	Pumi (Lanping)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.09	0
197407	547,m	1306	m̥i¹³bu⁵⁵	son-in-law		Pumi (Qinghua)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.11	0
33762	2727,547	1315	tsɯ-me	son-in-law		Qiang (ChiuTzuYing)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	153	0
33763	2727,547	1315	tsɯ-mja	son-in-law		Qiang (ChiuTzuYing)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	153	0
506885	2727,547	1996	tɕì mià	son-in-law		Qiang (Longxi)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Evans 99 Qiang	JPE-SQiang	280	0
356516	2727,547	1852	tʃɪ miɛ	son-in-law	n	Qiang (Mawo)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.08	0
506886	2727,547	1997	tsɨ̀ mià	son-in-law		Qiang (Mianchi)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Evans 99 Qiang	JPE-SQiang	280	0
197406	2727,547	1323	tʃɿ⁵⁵ma³¹	son-in-law		Qiang (Taoping)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.9	0
14141	547	606	mo	penis		rGyalrong	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Dai 89 Jiar	DQ-Jiarong	10.3.1	0
197432	m,547	1340	tə nmak	son-in-law		rGyalrong	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.12	0
356519	m,547	1806	tə nmɑk	son-in-law	n	rGyalrong (Maerkang)	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.11	0
331990	m,547	1797	tɐ́-nma	son-in-law		Caodeng	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Sun J 97 Cao	JS-Caodeng		0
356529	547,m	1817	mɛ⁵⁵vu³¹	son-in-law	n	Nung	38	4	Nungic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.21	0
197448	547,m	269	mɛ⁵⁵vu³¹	son-in-law		Anong	38	4	Nungic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.44	0
457003	547	1966	ma2	son-in-law	n.	Tujia (Northern)	41	5	Tujia	1	Brassett 04 Tujia	PCB-Tujia		0
453924	547	1967	ma²	son-in-law		Tujia (Northern)	41	5	Tujia	1	Brassett 06 Tujia	BBL-TL	2.4	0
356557	547	1847	ma³⁵	son-in-law	n	Tujia	41	5	Tujia	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.49	0
197445	547	1615	ma³⁵	son-in-law		Tujia	41	5	Tujia	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.38	0
167920	547	146	s-\|mak > ʔmak	son-in-law		*Lolo-Burmese	42	6.1	Lolo-Burmese	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	153	0
515415	547	2011	ʔ-\|makᴸ	son-in-law		*Lolo-Burmese	42	6.1	Lolo-Burmese	1	Matisoff 03 HPTB	JAM-HPTB	601	0
287887	2727,547	201	tsɑ³¹mɑ³¹	son-in-law		Achang (Lianghe)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Dai 85 AcJZ	JZ-Achang		0
197421	2727,547	200	tsɔ³¹moʔ³¹	son-in-law		Achang (Longchuan)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.41	0
356536	2727,547	1824	tsɔ³¹mɔʔ³¹	son-in-law	n	Achang (Longchuan)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.28	0
287063	2727,547	207	tsaʔ³¹maʔ³¹	son-in-law		Achang (Luxi)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Dai 85 AcJZ	JZ-Achang		0
356537	2727,547	1825	tsɔ³¹mɔʔ⁵⁵	son-in-law	n	Achang (Xiandao)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.29	0
356540	2727,547	1829	tă³¹maʔ⁵⁵	son-in-law	n	Bola (Luxi)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.32	0
356535	2727,547	1823	tθɑ⁵⁵mɛʔ⁴	son-in-law	n	Burmese (Rangoon)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.27	0
197446	2727,547	1428	tθɑ⁵⁵mɛʔ⁴⁴	son-in-law		Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.40	0
437274	p,547	406	sa-mak	son-in-law		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Benedict 76 WBur	PKB-WBRD		0
71050	p,547	409	sa-mak	son-in-law		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	324	0
197420	p,547	411	thɑ³◦mɑk	son-in-law		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.39	0
356534	p,547	1822	tθɑ³mɑk⁴	son-in-law	n	Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.26	0
356539	2727,547	1828	tsɔ̆³⁵mɔʔ³¹	son-in-law	n	Langsu (Luxi)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.31	0
356541	2727,547	1830	tsə̆³³mɔʔ⁵⁵	son-in-law	n	Leqi (Luxi)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.33	0
197422	2727,547	1034	tsɔ̆³⁵mɔʔ³¹	son-in-law		Maru [Langsu]	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.43	0
356538	2727,547	1827	tso²¹moʔ⁵⁵	son-in-law	n	Atsi [Zaiwa]	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.30	0
197447	2727,547	1693	tsŏ²¹moʔ⁵⁵	son-in-law		Atsi [Zaiwa]	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.42	0
292486	547,m	879	ʔmìq-vú	son-in-law		Lalo	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Björverud 94	SB-Lalo		0
335121	1012,547	1219	za⁵³mɑ̱⁵³	son-in-law		Nusu (Northern)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun J 86 Nusu	JZ-Nusu		0
356542	1012,547	1831	za⁵⁵ma̱⁵³	son-in-law	n	Nusu (Central)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.34	0
336021	1012,547	1220	zɔ⁵³mɔ⁵³	son-in-law		Nusu (Southern)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun J 86 Nusu	JZ-Nusu		0
197423	1012,547	1215	zɑ⁵⁵mɑ³¹	son-in-law		Nusu (Bijiang)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.45	0
356545	547,m	1834	me̱⁵⁵ɣɯ³³	son-in-law	n	Yi (Nanhua)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.37	0
197412	547,m	1666	mi̱²¹ɣu⁵⁵	son-in-law		Yi (Nanjian)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.23	0
356544	547,m	1833	ʔmɪ̱²¹u⁵⁵	son-in-law	n	Yi (Weishan)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.36	0
197411	m,547,m,m	1670	a²¹m̩(ɿ)³³sa⁵⁵vu³³	son-in-law		Yi (Xide)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.21	0
71051	p,547,s	844	ɔ-má-pā	son-in-law		Lahu	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	324	0
356551	5450,547,s	1841	ɔ³¹mɑ³⁵pɑ¹¹	son-in-law	n	Lahu (Lancang)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.43	0
33759	547	839	má	son-in-law		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	153	0
197417	5450,547,s	851	ɔ³¹mᴀ⁵³pᴀ¹¹	son-in-law		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.33	0
31429	5450,547	838	ɔ̀-má	son (in law)		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 74 TJLB	JAM-TJLB	365	0
33760	5450,547	839	ɔ̀-má	son-in-law		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	153	0
33761	5450,547,s	839	ɔ̀-má-pā	son-in-law		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	153	0
302232	p,547,p,547,s	856	ɔ²ma⁴~ɔ²ma⁴pa⁵	son-in-law		Lahu (Yellow)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Chang 86	JZ-Lahu		0
277619	547,m	946	mæ⁵⁵vy³³	son-in-law	N	Lisu (Northern)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Bradley 94 Lisu	DB-Lisu		0
197414	547,m	942	mɛ⁵⁵vu³³	son-in-law		Lisu	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.27	0
356547	m,547,m,m	1836	æ¹¹mæ¹¹sɒ⁵⁵ɣɯ⁴⁴	son-in-law	n	Yi (Sani)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.39	0
135127	m,547	1299	jà mà	son-in-law		Hani (Pijo)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Hansson 89 AHKP	ILH-PL	100	0
197441	m,547	418	ja³¹ma³¹	son-in-law		Hani (Caiyuan)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.30	0
135126	m,547	784	jà mà	son-in-law		Hani (Khatu)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Hansson 89 AHKP	ILH-PL	100	0
516487	547,m	1999	mæ˧v˥	son-in-law		Laze (Xiangjiao)	43	6.2	Naxi	1	Michaud 06 NaLaze	AM-NaLaze1	648	0
356553	547,m	1843	mu⁵⁵ɣɯ³³	son-in-law	n	Naxi	43	6.2	Naxi	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.45	0
197440	547,m	908	mu⁵⁵ɣɯ³³	son-in-law		Naxi (Lijiang)	43	6.2	Naxi	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.28	0
197415	1012,547	1676	zo³³mɑ¹³	son-in-law		Naxi (Yongning)	43	6.2	Naxi	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	342.29	0
529770	547	2039	maɁ¹	son-in-law		*Karen [Burling]	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	267	0
529547	547	2038	maɁᴰ	son-in-law		*Karen	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	267	0
57994	547	122	màʔ	son-in-law		*Karen	50	7	Karenic	1	Jones 61	RBJ-KLS	182	0
531142	547	2044	ma¹¹	son-in-law		Bwe	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	267	0
356558	547,m	1849	ma³³pho⁵⁵	son-in-law	n	Karen	50	7	Karenic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0223.50	0
530884	547	2043	me³³	son-in-law		Kayah	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	267	0
530588	547	2042	maɁ²¹	son-in-law		Kayan	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	267	0
497447	547,m	1981	má̤◦kʰó	son-in-law [lit. son.in.law-male]	N	Kayan (Pekon)	50	7	Karenic	1	Manson 10 Kayan	KM-Kayan		0
531443	547	2045	mɔ³³	son-in-law		Kayaw	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	267	0
530031	547	2040	maɁ⁴⁵	son-in-law		Pa-O (Northern)	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	267	0
530294	547	2041	maɁ⁴⁵	son-in-law		Pa-O (Southern)	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	267	0
310323	547	1235	màʔ	son-in-law		Pa-O	50	7	Karenic	1	Solnit 89 PaO	DBS-PaO		0
532631	547	2049	maɁ⁴⁵	son-in-law		Pwo (Southern)	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	267	0
532054	547	2047	ma¹¹¨	son-in-law		Sgaw (Southern)	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	267	0
531751	547	2046	maɁ²¹	son-in-law		Sgaw (Northern)	50	7	Karenic	1	Luangthongkum 13	TL-PK	267	0

analysis

lgid

reflex

gloss

gfn

language

grpid

grpno

grp

genetic

citation

srcabbr

srcid

8193

547

175

maːk

son in law

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

696

72273

547

182

maːk

son-in-law

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Benedict 72 STC

STC

324

515416

547

2012

s-|maːk

son-in-law

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Matisoff 03 HPTB

JAM-HPTB

601

283393

547

173

mak-|bo

son-in-law

*Tani

1.1.1

Tani

Sun J 93 HCST

JS-HCST

384

159081

547

285

mà-|bo

son-in-law

Apatani

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Sun J 93 Tani

JS-Tani

174333

547

287

maʔ-|bo

son-in-law

Apatani

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Sun J 93 HCST

JS-HCST

159085

547

286

maʔ-|bo

son-in-law

Apatani

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Sun J 93 Tani

JS-Tani

151775

547

286

maʔ-|bo

brother-in-law

Apatani

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Sun J 93 Tani

JS-Tani

174334

547

333

mak-|buː

son-in-law

Bengni

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Sun J 93 HCST

JS-HCST

159082

547

334

mak-|buː

son-in-law

Bengni

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Sun J 93 Tani

JS-Tani

159083

547

365

maː-|bo

son-in-law

Bokar

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Sun J 93 Tani

JS-Tani

356532

547

1820

maːbo

son-in-law

Bokar

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.24

197426

547

368

maː |bo

son-in-law

Bokar Lhoba

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.51

494568

547

1979

magbo

son-in-law

n:kin.

Galo

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09

GLDC-GED

490511

547

1979

magbo

daughter's husband

n:kin.

Galo

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09

GLDC-GED

494570

547,m

1979

magbo-ayaa

son-in-law (younger)

n:kin.

Galo

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09

GLDC-GED

489677

547,m

1979

magbo-ayaa

brother-in-law (younger)

n:kin.

Galo

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09

GLDC-GED

494569

547,m

1979

magbo-kai

son-in-law (elder)

n:kin.

Galo

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09

GLDC-GED

489676

547,m

1979

magbo-kai

brother-in-law (elder)

n:kin.

Galo

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09

GLDC-GED

441412

547,m

188

maːg-reːk

man's girdle or belt

Padam [Abor]

1.1.1.2

Eastern Tani

Lorrain 07 Abor

JHL-AM

174336

547

1253

mak-|bo

son-in-law

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]

1.1.1.2

Eastern Tani

Sun J 93 HCST

JS-HCST

118478

547,m

189

mâng-mî

semen

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]

1.1.1.2

Eastern Tani

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

159084

547

498

maʔ-|bo

son-in-law

Damu

1.1.1.2

Eastern Tani

Sun J 93 Tani

JS-Tani

71048

547,547

1076

mak-|bo ⪤ mag-|bo

son-in-law

Mishing [Miri]

1.1.1.2

Eastern Tani

Benedict 72 STC

STC

324

441413

547,547

1074

maːk-|bo ~ maːg-|bo

cousin; son-in-law; brother-in-law

Mishing [Miri]

1.1.1.2

Eastern Tani

Lorrain 07 Abor

JHL-AM

341216

547

1800

mau-a:

male (human)

Darang [Taraon]

1.1.2

Deng

Anonymous xx Tar

NEFA-Taraon

500823

547

1920

maak

SON-IN-LAW

*Chin

1.2

Kuki-Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

792

445454

547

1925

maːk¹ (pa¹)

daughter's husband

Tiddim

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

792

327886

547

1794

ˊmaːk

son-in-law; brother-in-law

Tiddim

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

Henderson 65 TidC

EJAH-TC

5964

1012,547

291

sə-máʔ

son in law

Asho

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

696

314532

547,s

1779

mak-pa

son-in-law

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Bhaskararao 96 CDB

PB-CLDB

1065

71052

547,s

984

maːk-pa

son-in-law

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Benedict 72 STC

STC

324

445453

547

1924

má̂ak pà

son-in-law

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

792

619394

p,547

2229

a-mjak

IN-LAW

*Central Naga

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Bruhn 14 PCN

DWB-PCN

III.235

619007

p,547

2228

(a-)hnak

SON-IN-LAW / BROTHER-IN-LAW

*Ao

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Bruhn 14 PCN

DWB-PCN

II.234

619572

p,547

2226

a³-nək¹

brother-in-law / son-in-law

Ao (Chungli)

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Bruhn 14 PCN

DWB-PCN

II.234

617980

p,547,m

275

³a¹nɯk²la

son-in-law

Ao (Chungli)

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

1045

2919

p,547

275

³ta³miʔ

penis

Ao (Chungli)

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

142

451274

p,m,547

1963

[t(ə)]-əm◦hnak

son-in-law

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Coupe 07 Ao

ARC-GMA

620332

p,547,s

2231

o¹-mjak²-o²

in-law relative (male)

Lotha Naga

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Bruhn 14 PCN

DWB-PCN

III.235

620331

p,547,s

2231

o¹-mjak²-uʔ³

in-law relative (female)

Lotha Naga

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Bruhn 14 PCN

DWB-PCN

III.235

618055

2727,547

1671

²dzɯʔ◦⁽²⁾meak [¹]

son-in-law

Yimchungrü

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

633

528857

547

2031

maak

brother-in-law

*Tangkhulic

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Mortensen 12 Tk

DRM-Tk

414

525512

m,547

2023

ʔu-maʔ

brother-in-law

Huishu

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Mortensen 12 Tk

DRM-Tk

People.036

525046

m,547

2022

ʔa-mok-u

brother-in-law of male (younger)

Kachai

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Mortensen 12 Tk

DRM-Tk

People

620945

m,547

2024

kʰə-mɯə

brother-in-law

Tusom

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Mortensen 12 Tk

DRM-Tk

People.039

526878

m,547

2025

ʔi-mak

brother-in-law

Ukhrul

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Mortensen 12 Tk

DRM-Tk

441414

547

1061

mak

os Veneris (female pubic bone)

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Walker 25 Mik

GDW-DML

47222

547

1063

mák

vagina

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Grüssner 79 BP

KHG-MikirQ

160

47224

547

1063

mák

vulva / labia

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Grüssner 79 BP

KHG-MikirQ

160

119937

547,163

1064

mak-phu

mons Veneris

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

31428

m,547

676

dà-máʔ

son (in law)

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Matisoff 74 TJLB

JAM-TJLB

365

71049

p,547

685

da-maʔ

son-in-law

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Benedict 72 STC

STC

324

338035

547,s

1788

mak◦pa

son-in-law living in father-in-law's house

Kanauri

2.1.1

Western Himalayish

Bailey 11

BAI1911

296831

547,s

1085

mak⁵⁵pa⁵⁵

son-in-law

Tsangla (Motuo)

2.1.2

Bodic

Zhang Jichuan 86

JZ-CLMenba

197405

547,s

1088

mak◦pa (Ch.)

son-in-law

Tsangla (Motuo)

2.1.2

Bodic

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.7

297587

547,s

1089

mak-pa

son-in-law

Tsangla (Tilang)

2.1.2

Bodic

Zhang Jichuan 86

JZ-CLMenba

298192

547,s

1093

mɑk³⁵po⁵⁵

son-in-law

Tshona (Wenlang)

2.1.2

Bodic

Lu 86 CuoM

JZ-CNMenba

197429

547,s

1092

mᴀk¹³pu⁵³

son-in-law

Tshona (Mama)

2.1.2

Bodic

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.6

356515

547,s

1851

mak pa

son-in-law (comes calling)

Motuo Menba

2.1.2

Bodic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.07

356514

547,s

1850

mak³⁵pa⁵³

son-in-law

Cuona Menba

2.1.2

Bodic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.06

356513

547,m

1848

ɣmok kwa

son-in-law

Tibetan (Alike)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.05

197428

547,m

1550

mak kwa

son-in-law

Tibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.4

197404

547,m

1585

ɣmak kwa

son-in-law

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.5

291824

547,m

1586

mʌq◦pa·

son-in-law

Tibetan (Balti)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Rangan 75

RAN1975

197403

547,s

1380

ma⁵³pa⁵³

son-in-law

Tibetan (Khams:Dege)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.3

356510

547,s

1815

mak⁵⁵pa⁵⁵

son-in-law

Tibetan (Lhasa)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.02

356509

547,s

1804

mag pa

son-in-law

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.01

197402

547,s

1582

mag pa

son-in-law

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.1

71045

547,s

1578

mag-pa

son-in-law

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Benedict 72 STC

STC

324

356512

547,m

1837

hmoχ kwa

son-in-law

Tibetan (Xiahe)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.04

505240

547

1988

myók

son in law

Lepcha

2.1.3

Lepcha

Plaisier 07 Lepcha

HP-GL

71046

547

900

myok

son-in-law

Lepcha

2.1.3

Lepcha

Benedict 72 STC

STC

324

178545

547

172

ᴬmaː

son in law

*TGTM

2.1.4

Tamangish

Mazaudon 94 These

MM-Thesis

747

127793

547,1284

436

mɦo◦le

penis

Chantyal

2.1.4

Tamangish

Noonan 92

NPB-ChanQ

10.3.1

5957

547

1468

maːʱ

son in law

Tamang (Bagmati)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

696

178540

547

1456

³maː

son-in-law / sister's husband

Tamang (Risiangku)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Mazaudon 94 These

MM-Thesis

747

178541

547

1467

³maː

son in law

Tamang (Taglung)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Mazaudon 94 These

MM-Thesis

747

178544

547

1526

¹¹maː

son-in-law (of man or woman)

Thakali (Syang)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Mazaudon 94 These

MM-Thesis

747

178543

547

1526

ᴸma

son-in-law (of man or woman)

Thakali (Syang)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Mazaudon 94 These

MM-Thesis

747

71047

547,s

521

hma-wa

son-in-law

Dhimal

2.1.5

Dhimal

Benedict 72 STC

STC

324

9066

547,1019

1177

maa◦si

vagina / breast / milk

Newar (Kathmandu)

2.2

Newar

Genetti 90 Kath

CG-Kath

62373

547,1019

1174

mā◦si

vagina

Newar

2.2

Newar

Shakya 89

SH-KNw

10.4.1

62374

547,1019

1174

mā◦si

vulva / labia

Newar

2.2

Newar

Shakya 89

SH-KNw

10.4.2

5958

547,m

548

mak-cha

son in law

Dungmali

2.3

Kiranti

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

696

5960

547,m

952

mak-sa

son in law

Lohorong

2.3.1

Eastern Kiranti

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

696

499718

547,m

1873

mak◦sa

son-in-law; husband of a younger sister

Yamphu

2.3.1

Eastern Kiranti

Rutgers 98

RR-Yamphu

554.21

5961

547,m

1649

mak-sa

son in law

Yamphe

2.3.1

Eastern Kiranti

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

696

5959

547,m

321

mak-cha

son in law

Bantawa

2.3.2

Southern Kiranti

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

696

344688

547,m

1801

mak◦cha

son-in-law

Bantawa

2.3.2

Southern Kiranti

Rai 85 BnDs

NKR-Bant

61635

547,m

822

mok◦si

son-in-law

Kulung

2.3.2

Southern Kiranti

Rai 75 Kul

RPHH-Kul

5963

547

820

mos

son in law

Kulung

2.3.2

Southern Kiranti

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

696

5962

547,m

1358

mak-ca

son in law

Sampang

2.3.3

Central Kiranti

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

696

472132

547

1970

mạ

son-in-law, husband

Tangut [Xixia]

3.1

Tangut

Li 97 Tangut

LFW1997

4820

197435

547,m

561

mo³³pa⁵⁵

son-in-law

Ersu

3.2

Qiangic

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.18

356526

547,m

1813

mo⁵³pæ⁵³

son-in-law

Lyuzu

3.2

Qiangic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.18

356517

547,m

1853

m̥i¹³bu⁵⁵

son-in-law

Pumi (Lanping)

3.2

Qiangic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.09

197407

547,m

1306

m̥i¹³bu⁵⁵

son-in-law

Pumi (Qinghua)

3.2

Qiangic

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.11

33762

2727,547

1315

tsɯ-me

son-in-law

Qiang (ChiuTzuYing)

3.2

Qiangic

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

153

33763

2727,547

1315

tsɯ-mja

son-in-law

Qiang (ChiuTzuYing)

3.2

Qiangic

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

153

506885

2727,547

1996

tɕì mià

son-in-law

Qiang (Longxi)

3.2

Qiangic

Evans 99 Qiang

JPE-SQiang

280

356516

2727,547

1852

tʃɪ miɛ

son-in-law

Qiang (Mawo)

3.2

Qiangic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.08

506886

2727,547

1997

tsɨ̀ mià

son-in-law

Qiang (Mianchi)

3.2

Qiangic

Evans 99 Qiang

JPE-SQiang

280

197406

2727,547

1323

tʃɿ⁵⁵ma³¹

son-in-law

Qiang (Taoping)

3.2

Qiangic

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.9

14141

547

606

penis

rGyalrong

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Dai 89 Jiar

DQ-Jiarong

10.3.1

197432

m,547

1340

tə nmak

son-in-law

rGyalrong

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.12

356519

m,547

1806

tə nmɑk

son-in-law

rGyalrong (Maerkang)

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.11

331990

m,547

1797

tɐ́-nma

son-in-law

Caodeng

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Sun J 97 Cao

JS-Caodeng

356529

547,m

1817

mɛ⁵⁵vu³¹

son-in-law

Nung

Nungic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.21

197448

547,m

269

mɛ⁵⁵vu³¹

son-in-law

Anong

Nungic

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.44

457003

547

1966

ma2

son-in-law

Tujia (Northern)

Tujia

Brassett 04 Tujia

PCB-Tujia

453924

547

1967

ma²

son-in-law

Tujia (Northern)

Tujia

Brassett 06 Tujia

BBL-TL

2.4

356557

547

1847

ma³⁵

son-in-law

Tujia

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.49

197445

547

1615

ma³⁵

son-in-law

Tujia

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.38

167920

547

146

s-|mak > ʔmak

son-in-law

*Lolo-Burmese

6.1

Lolo-Burmese

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

153

515415

547

2011

ʔ-|makᴸ

son-in-law

*Lolo-Burmese

6.1

Lolo-Burmese

Matisoff 03 HPTB

JAM-HPTB

601

287887

2727,547

201

tsɑ³¹mɑ³¹

son-in-law

Achang (Lianghe)

6.1.1

Burmish

Dai 85 AcJZ

JZ-Achang

197421

2727,547

200

tsɔ³¹moʔ³¹

son-in-law

Achang (Longchuan)

6.1.1

Burmish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.41

356536

2727,547

1824

tsɔ³¹mɔʔ³¹

son-in-law

Achang (Longchuan)

6.1.1

Burmish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.28

287063

2727,547

207

tsaʔ³¹maʔ³¹

son-in-law

Achang (Luxi)

6.1.1

Burmish

Dai 85 AcJZ

JZ-Achang

356537

2727,547

1825

tsɔ³¹mɔʔ⁵⁵

son-in-law

Achang (Xiandao)

6.1.1

Burmish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.29

356540

2727,547

1829

tă³¹maʔ⁵⁵

son-in-law

Bola (Luxi)

6.1.1

Burmish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.32

356535

2727,547

1823

tθɑ⁵⁵mɛʔ⁴

son-in-law

Burmese (Rangoon)

6.1.1

Burmish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.27

197446

2727,547

1428

tθɑ⁵⁵mɛʔ⁴⁴

son-in-law

Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)

6.1.1

Burmish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.40

437274

p,547

406

sa-mak

son-in-law

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Benedict 76 WBur

PKB-WBRD

71050

p,547

409

sa-mak

son-in-law

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Benedict 72 STC

STC

324

197420

p,547

411

thɑ³◦mɑk

son-in-law

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.39

356534

p,547

1822

tθɑ³mɑk⁴

son-in-law

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.26

356539

2727,547

1828

tsɔ̆³⁵mɔʔ³¹

son-in-law

Langsu (Luxi)

6.1.1

Burmish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.31

356541

2727,547

1830

tsə̆³³mɔʔ⁵⁵

son-in-law

Leqi (Luxi)

6.1.1

Burmish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.33

197422

2727,547

1034

tsɔ̆³⁵mɔʔ³¹

son-in-law

Maru [Langsu]

6.1.1

Burmish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.43

356538

2727,547

1827

tso²¹moʔ⁵⁵

son-in-law

Atsi [Zaiwa]

6.1.1

Burmish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.30

197447

2727,547

1693

tsŏ²¹moʔ⁵⁵

son-in-law

Atsi [Zaiwa]

6.1.1

Burmish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.42

292486

547,m

879

ʔmìq-vú

son-in-law

Lalo

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Björverud 94

SB-Lalo

335121

1012,547

1219

za⁵³mɑ̱⁵³

son-in-law

Nusu (Northern)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Sun J 86 Nusu

JZ-Nusu

356542

1012,547

1831

za⁵⁵ma̱⁵³

son-in-law

Nusu (Central)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.34

336021

1012,547

1220

zɔ⁵³mɔ⁵³

son-in-law

Nusu (Southern)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Sun J 86 Nusu

JZ-Nusu

197423

1012,547

1215

zɑ⁵⁵mɑ³¹

son-in-law

Nusu (Bijiang)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.45

356545

547,m

1834

me̱⁵⁵ɣɯ³³

son-in-law

Yi (Nanhua)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.37

197412

547,m

1666

mi̱²¹ɣu⁵⁵

son-in-law

Yi (Nanjian)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.23

356544

547,m

1833

ʔmɪ̱²¹u⁵⁵

son-in-law

Yi (Weishan)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.36

197411

m,547,m,m

1670

a²¹m̩(ɿ)³³sa⁵⁵vu³³

son-in-law

Yi (Xide)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.21

71051

p,547,s

844

ɔ-má-pā

son-in-law

Lahu

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Benedict 72 STC

STC

324

356551

5450,547,s

1841

ɔ³¹mɑ³⁵pɑ¹¹

son-in-law

Lahu (Lancang)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.43

33759

547

839

má

son-in-law

Lahu (Black)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

153

197417

5450,547,s

851

ɔ³¹mᴀ⁵³pᴀ¹¹

son-in-law

Lahu (Black)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.33

31429

5450,547

838

ɔ̀-má

son (in law)

Lahu (Black)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 74 TJLB

JAM-TJLB

365

33760

5450,547

839

ɔ̀-má

son-in-law

Lahu (Black)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

153

33761

5450,547,s

839

ɔ̀-má-pā

son-in-law

Lahu (Black)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

153

302232

p,547,p,547,s

856

ɔ²ma⁴~ɔ²ma⁴pa⁵

son-in-law

Lahu (Yellow)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Chang 86

JZ-Lahu

277619

547,m

946

mæ⁵⁵vy³³

son-in-law

Lisu (Northern)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Bradley 94 Lisu

DB-Lisu

197414

547,m

942

mɛ⁵⁵vu³³

son-in-law

Lisu

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.27

356547

m,547,m,m

1836

æ¹¹mæ¹¹sɒ⁵⁵ɣɯ⁴⁴

son-in-law

Yi (Sani)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.39

135127

m,547

1299

jà mà

son-in-law

Hani (Pijo)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Hansson 89 AHKP

ILH-PL

100

197441

m,547

418

ja³¹ma³¹

son-in-law

Hani (Caiyuan)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.30

135126

m,547

784

jà mà

son-in-law

Hani (Khatu)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Hansson 89 AHKP

ILH-PL

100

516487

547,m

1999

mæ˧v˥

son-in-law

Laze (Xiangjiao)

6.2

Naxi

Michaud 06 NaLaze

AM-NaLaze1

648

356553

547,m

1843

mu⁵⁵ɣɯ³³

son-in-law

Naxi

6.2

Naxi

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.45

197440

547,m

908

mu⁵⁵ɣɯ³³

son-in-law

Naxi (Lijiang)

6.2

Naxi

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.28

197415

1012,547

1676

zo³³mɑ¹³

son-in-law

Naxi (Yongning)

6.2

Naxi

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

342.29

529770

547

2039

maɁ¹

son-in-law

*Karen [Burling]

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

267

529547

547

2038

maɁᴰ

son-in-law

*Karen

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

267

57994

547

122

màʔ

son-in-law

*Karen

Karenic

Jones 61

RBJ-KLS

182

531142

547

2044

ma¹¹

son-in-law

Bwe

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

267

356558

547,m

1849

ma³³pho⁵⁵

son-in-law

Karen

Karenic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0223.50

530884

547

2043

me³³

son-in-law

Kayah

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

267

530588

547

2042

maɁ²¹

son-in-law

Kayan

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

267

497447

547,m

1981

má̤◦kʰó

son-in-law [lit. son.in.law-male]

Kayan (Pekon)

Karenic

Manson 10 Kayan

KM-Kayan

531443

547

2045

mɔ³³

son-in-law

Kayaw

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

267

530031

547

2040

maɁ⁴⁵

son-in-law

Pa-O (Northern)

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

267

530294

547

2041

maɁ⁴⁵

son-in-law

Pa-O (Southern)

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

267

310323

547

1235

màʔ

son-in-law

Pa-O

Karenic

Solnit 89 PaO

DBS-PaO

532631

547

2049

maɁ⁴⁵

son-in-law

Pwo (Southern)

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

267

532054

547

2047

ma¹¹¨

son-in-law

Sgaw (Southern)

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

267

531751

547

2046

maɁ²¹

son-in-law

Sgaw (Northern)

Karenic

Luangthongkum 13

TL-PK

267

Chinese comparandum

A likely Chinese comparandum has been suggested by Benedict 1979, pp. 22-23 and n. 36: 牡 OC *môg/*mə̯u [irreg.], GSR #1063a ‘male (quadruped)’; Li 1971: *məgwx; Baxter 1992: *m(r)juʔ; Mand. mǔ [JAM].

The Middle Chinese reflex of this word has irregular vocalism: *mə̯u. This accounts for the discrepancy between Baxter’s reconstruction (with medial *‑j‑) and Li’s (without medial *‑j‑). The presence of *‑j‑ in Baxter’s form accounts regularly for vocalic development, but the medial itself must then be assumed to drop irregularly in Middle Chinese.

The proposed connection to PTB *maːk presents some difficulties. The Chinese vocalism would normally correspond to a rounded PTB vowel. (See examples in Gong 1995 #61-69.) Although those open syllables in OC reconstructed with *‑g by Karlgren and Li sometimes correspond to syllables with coda *‑k in PTB, more generally we find OC *‑k corresponding to PTB *‑k and open syllables corresponding to open syllables.

Schuessler 2007:391 argues that the Chinese word is related to Austroasiatic forms meaning ‘male animal’.
[ZJH]

#547 PTB *maːk SON-IN-LAW / GENITALS / PENIS / MALE / VAGINA

Chinese comparandum