STEDT Etymon #5442
3.0 Natural Objects, Plants, Foods > 3.2 Natural Objects > 3.2.4 Elements, metals, alloys
#5442 PTB *(t)swa-y ⪤ *t(s)wa-y RUST / DROSS / STAIN / EXCREMENT |
The initial consonant reflexes of this root vary between affricates, dental stop, and s‑, in a manner similar to #2742 PTB *(t)sum MORTAR.
Written Tibetan attests both the b‑ and g‑ prefixes.
Mizo has a doublet dai‑lêng ‘shit’ and tǔi‑êk ‘rust’, motivating the reconstruction of medial *‑w‑.
| rn | analysis | lgid | reflex | gloss | gfn | language | grpid | grpno | grp | genetic | citation | srcabbr | srcid | rn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30438 | 5442 | 177 | (t)saːy | rust / dross / stain / shit | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Matisoff 85 GSTC | JAM-GSTC | 108 | 0 | |
| 516004 | 5442,5442 | 2012 | tsaːy ⪤ saːy | rust / dross / stain / excrement | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Matisoff 03 HPTB | JAM-HPTB | 210 | 0 | |
| 29861 | 5442,576 | 190 | tai-é | excrement; dross; rust | Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri] | 74 | 1.1.1.2 | Eastern Tani | 1 | Matisoff 85 GSTC | JAM-GSTC | 108 | 0 | |
| 146257 | 5442,576,m,m | 190 | tai-é dut-shu | rust, get rusty; to mess oneself (as a child) | v. | Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri] | 74 | 1.1.1.2 | Eastern Tani | 1 | Matisoff 85 GSTC | JAM-GSTC | 108 | 0 |
| 118570 | 5442,576,576 | 189 | tai-é é | shit | n | Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri] | 74 | 1.1.1.2 | Eastern Tani | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | |
| 158296 | 5442,m | 498 | *tsaː-pʰoʔ | rust | v | Damu | 74 | 1.1.1.2 | Eastern Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 Tani | JS-Tani | 0 | |
| 118636 | 5442,m | 978 | dai-lêng | shit | v. | Lushai [Mizo] | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | |
| 29859 | 5442,576 | 979 | tǔi-êk | rust | Lushai [Mizo] | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | Matisoff 85 GSTC | JAM-GSTC | 108 | 0 | |
| 259626 | 5442,576 | 976 | tui◦êk | rust | n | Lushai [Mizo] | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | |
| 29860 | 5442,576 | 872 | sai-i | rust, rusty | Lakher [Mara] | 71 | 1.2.3 | Maraic | 1 | Matisoff 85 GSTC | JAM-GSTC | 108 | 0 | |
| 259615 | 5442 | 1281 | düi | rust | n | Phom | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | |
| 488421 | 5442 | 1978 | dɯ³³ | rust | Phom | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | Burling 98 Phom | BP-PPWL | 0 | ||
| 424987 | 5442 | 1814 | ʃa⁵⁵ | rust | v. | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1618.19 | 0 |
| 424973 | 5442,m | 1848 | tsa tɕhak | rust | v. | Tibetan (Alike) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1618.05 | 0 |
| 181975 | 5442 | 1550 | htsa | rust | Tibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 39.4 | 0 | |
| 181951 | 5442 | 1585 | ɣja | rust | Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 39.5 | 0 | |
| 347851 | 5442 | 1826 | tsa⁵³ | rust | n | Tibetan (Batang) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0056.03 | 0 |
| 424971 | 5442,m | 1826 | tsa⁵³phoʔ⁵³ | rust | v. | Tibetan (Batang) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1618.03 | 0 |
| 181950 | 5442 | 1380 | ja⁵³ | rust | Tibetan (Khams:Dege) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 39.3 | 0 | |
| 181974 | 5442 | 1557 | tsa⁵³ | rust | Tibetan (Lhasa) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 39.2 | 0 | |
| 347850 | 5442 | 1815 | tsa⁵⁵ | rust | n | Tibetan (Lhasa) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0056.02 | 0 |
| 424970 | 5442,m | 1815 | tsa⁵⁵ ca¹³² | rust | v. | Tibetan (Lhasa) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1618.02 | 0 |
| 259630 | 5442 | 1564 | btsa | rust | n | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | |
| 181949 | 5442 | 1582 | gjaɦ | rust | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 39.1 | 0 | |
| 347849 | 5442 | 1804 | gtsaɦ | rust | n | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0056.01 | 0 |
| 424969 | 5442,m | 1804 | gtsaɦ rgjag | rust | v. | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1618.01 | 0 |
| 259631 | 5442 | 1564 | ɣya | rust | n | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | |
| 347899 | 5442 | 1837 | hja | rust (copper, silver) | n | Tibetan (Xiahe) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0056.04 | 0 |
| 347852 | 5442 | 1837 | tsa | rust (iron) | n | Tibetan (Xiahe) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0056.04 | 0 |
| 424972 | 5442,m | 1837 | tsa◦tɕhaχ | rust | v. | Tibetan (Xiahe) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1618.04 | 0 |
| 347858 | 5442 | 1805 | sy⁵⁵ | rust | n | Pumi (Jiulong) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0056.10 | 0 |
| 347857 | 2676,5442 | 1853 | ʂə̃⁵⁵tsa⁵⁵ | rust | n | Pumi (Lanping) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0056.09 | 0 |
| 181954 | 5442 | 1306 | sy⁵⁵ | rust | Pumi (Qinghua) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 39.11 | 0 | |
| 181978 | 5442 | 1309 | so³⁵ | rust | Pumi (Taoba) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 39.10 | 0 | |
| 511619 | 5442,m | 1996 | zə̀ ȵì | rust | v. | Qiang (Longxi) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Evans 99 Qiang | JPE-SQiang | 2318 | 0 |
| 511616 | 5442,m | 1996 | zɨ̀ zú | rust | v. | Qiang (Longxi) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Evans 99 Qiang | JPE-SQiang | 2318 | 0 |
| 506409 | 2676,5442 | 1996 | ɕà tsɨ̀ | rust | Qiang (Longxi) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Evans 99 Qiang | JPE-SQiang | 64 | 0 | |
| 424976 | 5442,m | 1852 | dzər quɑ | rust | v. | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1618.08 | 0 |
| 347856 | 5442,m | 1852 | dzɛr quɑ | rust | n | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0056.08 | 0 |
| 181977 | 5442 | 1320 | r̥tsa | rust | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 39.8 | 0 | |
| 181981 | m,5442 | 1699 | kə³⁵dzai⁵⁵ | rust | Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba] | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 39.16 | 0 | |
| 347861 | 5442 | 1808 | ptsa⁵⁵ | rust | n | Queyu (Xinlong) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0056.13 | 0 |
| 424981 | m,5442 | 1808 | tə⁵⁵ptsa³³ | rust | v. | Queyu (Xinlong) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1618.13 | 0 |
| 181983 | 5442 | 1409 | ɕi³⁵ | rust | Xumi | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 39.20 | 0 | |
| 424982 | m,5442 | 1809 | kə⁵⁵ ʑi³³ | rust | v. | Zhaba (Daofu County) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1618.14 | 0 |
| 347862 | 5442 | 1809 | ʑi¹³ | rust | n | Zhaba (Daofu County) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0056.14 | 0 |
| 424980 | m,5442 | 1807 | gə ʁjɑ | rust | v. | Daofu | 35 | 3.3 | rGyalrongic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1618.12 | 0 |
| 181980 | 5442 | 557 | vtsha | rust | Ergong (Danba) | 35 | 3.3 | rGyalrongic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 39.14 | 0 | |
| 347860 | 5442 | 1807 | ʁjɑ | rust | n | Daofu | 35 | 3.3 | rGyalrongic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0056.12 | 0 |
| 347901 | 5442,m | 1807 | ʁjɑ ru | rust | n | Daofu | 35 | 3.3 | rGyalrongic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0056.12 | 0 |
| 424979 | 5442,m,m | 1806 | (rtsɐ) kə ndzok | rust | v. | rGyalrong (Maerkang) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1618.11 | 0 |
| 347859 | 5442 | 1806 | rtsɐ | rust | n | rGyalrong (Maerkang) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0056.11 | 0 |
| 181979 | 5442 | 1340 | rtsɐ | rust | rGyalrong | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 39.12 | 0 | |
| 329855 | 5442 | 1796 | rtse | rust | rGyalrong | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 97 GyQ | Gyarong.Nag | 8.11 | 0 | |
| 333493 | 5442 | 1799 | rtsɐ | rust | rGBenzhen | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Sun J 97 rGB | JS-rGBenzhe | 0 | ||
| 424989 | 5442,572,m | 1817 | dʑi³¹ khi⁵⁵u³¹ | rust | v. | Nung | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1618.21 | 0 |
| 347869 | 5442,572 | 1817 | dʑi³¹khi⁵⁵ | rust | n | Nung | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0056.21 | 0 |
| 181995 | 5442,572 | 269 | dʑi³¹khi⁵⁵ | rust | Anong | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 39.44 | 0 | |
| 424988 | 5442,576 | 1816 | sɑ i⁵³ | rust | v. | Dulong | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1618.20 | 0 |
| 347868 | 5442,576 | 1816 | sɑ ·i⁵⁵ | rust | n | Dulong | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0056.20 | 0 |
| 181996 | 5442 | 537 | sɑ⁵⁵ | rust | Trung [Dulong] | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 39.46 | 0 | |
| 181992 | 5442 | 1615 | ɕiu⁵⁵ | rust | Tujia | 41 | 5 | Tujia | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 39.38 | 0 | |
| 347876 | 5442 | 1824 | siu³⁵ | rust | n | Achang (Longchuan) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0056.28 | 0 |
| 424996 | 5442 | 1824 | siu³⁵ | rust | v. | Achang (Longchuan) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1618.28 | 0 |
| 181968 | 5442 | 200 | siu³⁵ | rust | Achang (Longchuan) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 39.41 | 0 | |
| 347880 | m,572,5442 | 1829 | ta⁵⁵kji³¹tui³¹ | rust | n | Bola (Luxi) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0056.32 | 0 |
| 425000 | 5442 | 1829 | tui³¹ | rust | v. | Bola (Luxi) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1618.32 | 0 |
| 424999 | 5442 | 1828 | tsɔi³⁵ | rust | v. | Langsu (Luxi) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1618.31 | 0 |
| 347879 | 5442,572 | 1828 | tsɔ̆³⁵kjik⁵⁵ | rust | n | Langsu (Luxi) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0056.31 | 0 |
| 347881 | 5442,572 | 1830 | tsə̆³³kjei³³ | rust | n | Leqi (Luxi) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0056.33 | 0 |
| 181969 | 5442,572 | 1034 | tsɔ̆³⁵kjik⁵⁵ | rust | Maru [Langsu] | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 39.43 | 0 | |
| 424998 | 5442 | 1827 | tsui²¹ | rust | v. | Atsi [Zaiwa] | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1618.30 | 0 |
| 181994 | 5442,572 | 1693 | tʃo⁵¹kjit⁵⁵ | rust | Atsi [Zaiwa] | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 39.42 | 0 | |
| 347878 | 5442,572 | 1827 | tʃo⁵¹kji̱k⁵⁵ | rust | n | Atsi [Zaiwa] | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0056.30 | 0 |
| 181985 | 5442,2499 | 1664 | ʑi³³ȵi³³ | rust | Yi (Nanhua) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 39.24 | 0 | |
| 347885 | 5442,2499,m | 1834 | ʑi̱³³ȵi³³dʐo²¹ | rust | n | Yi (Nanhua) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0056.37 | 0 |
| 181959 | 5442,m | 1666 | ɣɯ⁵⁵tɕi³³ | rust | Yi (Nanjian) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 39.23 | 0 | |
| 347884 | 5442,m | 1833 | ɣɯ⁵⁵tsᴇ³³ | rust | n | Yi (Weishan) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0056.36 | 0 |
| 425004 | 5442,m,m | 1833 | ɣɯ⁵⁵tsᴇ³³dɪ̱³³ | rust | v. | Yi (Weishan) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1618.36 | 0 |
| 181963 | 5442,2499 | 510 | su⁵⁵ȵi⁵⁵ | rust | Hani (Dazhai) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 39.31 | 0 | |
| 425009 | 5442,2499,m | 1839 | su⁵⁵ ȵi⁵⁵ tu̱³¹ | rust | v. | Hani (Lüchun) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1618.41 | 0 |
| 347889 | 5442,2499 | 1839 | su⁵⁵ȵi⁵⁵ | rust | n | Hani (Lüchun) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0056.41 | 0 |
| 181988 | 5442 | 418 | siu⁵⁵ | rust | Hani (Caiyuan) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 39.30 | 0 | |
| 181989 | 5442 | 1416 | ɕiu⁵⁵ | rust | Hani (Shuikui) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 39.32 | 0 | |
| 425010 | m,5442,m | 1840 | tɕhi⁵⁵ ɕiu⁵⁵ khɛ³³ | rust | v. | Hani (Mojiang) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1618.42 | 0 |
| 347890 | 5442 | 1840 | ɕiu⁵⁵ | rust | n | Hani (Mojiang) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0056.42 | 0 |
| 517355 | 5442,572,m,m | 1999 | ʈʂɯ˧ qʰæ˧ n˧ dze˧ | rust | v. | Laze (Xiangjiao) | 43 | 6.2 | Naxi | 1 | Michaud 06 NaLaze | AM-NaLaze1 | 3089 | 0 |
| 516293 | 5442,572 | 1999 | ʈʂɯ˧qʰæ˧ | rust | Laze (Xiangjiao) | 43 | 6.2 | Naxi | 1 | Michaud 06 NaLaze | AM-NaLaze1 | 194 | 0 | |
| 14978 | 5442,576 | 746 | da³¹ e̱³¹ | feces | Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Dai 89 KarB | DQ-KarenB | 187 | 0 |