STEDT Etymon #540

1.0 The Body > 1.8 Secretions and Somatophonics > 1.8.3 Spit/Saliva > 1.8.3.1 Phlegm

For evidence of the liquid medial, see e.g. Apatani, Idu, Geman, Bahing, Sunwar, Tamang, and Pattani.

This root is perhaps allofamically related to #1795 PTB *kwak COUGH and/or #2260 PTB *ha(ː)k HAWK / GAG / CHOKE.

This root is much more widespread than the resemblant #539 PTB *kan PHLEGM / SALIVA and seems distinct from it.

rn	analysis	lgid	reflex	gloss	gfn	language	grpid	grpno	grp	genetic	citation	srcabbr	srcid
515150	540	2012	kaːk	phlegm		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Matisoff 03 HPTB	JAM-HPTB	594
283299	540	173	kak	phlegm		*Tani	5	1.1.1	Tani	1	Sun J 93 HCST	JS-HCST	290
174019	p,540	333	ta-kak	phlegm		Bengni	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Sun J 93 HCST	JS-HCST
159279	p,540	334	ta-kak	sputum		Bengni	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Sun J 93 Tani	JS-Tani
352966	p,540	1820	ta kak	sputum	nbp	Bokar	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0155.24
174020	p,540	360	ta-kak	phlegm		Bokar	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Sun J 93 HCST	JS-HCST
157282	p,540	365	ta-kak	phlegm		Bokar	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Sun J 93 Tani	JS-Tani
194213	p,540	368	ta kak	phlegm		Bokar Lhoba	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	279.51
41392	p,540	366	ta◦kak	phlegm		Bokar Lhoba	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Sun H 80 MLD	SLZO-MLD
493373	p,540	1979	`ta◦kak	phlegm	n.	Galo	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09	GLDC-GED
5704	p,540	563	ˆta◦kak	phlegm		Galo	73	1.1.1.1	Western Tani	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	641
118365	p,540	189	ta-kak	phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus		Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]	74	1.1.1.2	Eastern Tani	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety
157284	p,540	498	ta-ciaʔ	phlegm, sputum		Damu	74	1.1.1.2	Eastern Tani	1	Sun J 93 Tani	JS-Tani
174021	p,540	1079	ta-kak	phlegm		Mishing [Miri]	74	1.1.1.2	Eastern Tani	1	Sun J 93 HCST	JS-HCST
39742	m,540	505	nɑ³¹ kʰɑ⁵³	phlegm		Darang [Taraon]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Sun H 80 MLD	SLZO-MLD
352964	m,540	1818	nɑ³¹khɑ⁵³	sputum	nbp	Darang [Taraon]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0155.22
194212	m,540	509	nɑ³¹khɑ⁵³	phlegm		Darang [Taraon]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	279.49
352965	540	1819	khɹɑ⁵³	sputum	nbp	Kaman [Miju]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0155.23
194237	540	592	khɹɑ⁵³	phlegm		Kaman [Miju]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	279.48
39914	540	590	kʰɹɑ⁵³	phlegm		Kaman [Miju]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Sun H 80 MLD	SLZO-MLD
7260	540	1054	kʻrʌ̂ʔ	phlegm		Kaman [Miju]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	1199
129029	p,m,540	661	a³¹nde⁵⁵kʰɹe⁵⁵	liquid mucus		Idu	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Sun H 91 IduQ	SHK-Idu	3.5.6
129100	p,603,540	661	a³¹tiu⁵⁵kʰɹi⁵⁵	phlegm		Idu	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Sun H 91 IduQ	SHK-Idu	9.2.5
35673	p,603,540	659	a◦tu◦tʰri	phlegm		Idu	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Pulu 78	JP-Idu
194187	p,m,540	662	ɑ³¹nde⁵⁵khɹe⁵⁵	snot		Idu	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	278.50
194238	p,m,540	662	ɑ³¹tiu⁵⁵khɹi⁵⁵	phlegm		Idu	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	279.50
353070	p,m,540	1821	ɑ³¹nde⁵⁵khɹe⁵⁵	mucus (nasal)	nbp	Yidu	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0157.25
352967	p,m,540	1821	ɑ³¹tiu⁵⁵khɹi⁵⁵	sputum	nbp	Yidu	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0155.25
500485	540	1920	khaak	PHLEGM / MUCUS		*Chin	8	1.2	Kuki-Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	454
5710	p,540	245	pà-kháa	phlegm		Anal	8	1.2	Kuki-Chin	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	641
443797	540,m	1930	khak suah	mucus, phlegm		Paite	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	454
314168	540,m	1778	khaːk¹ so?³	phlegm		Tiddim	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	Bhaskararao 96 CDB	PB-CLDB	739
443796	540,m	1925	khaːk¹ soʔ³	phlegm		Tiddim	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	454
443798	m,540	1929	no◦kha	phlegm, liquid mucus		Khumi	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	454
443793	540	1947	khaak	phlegm		Lai (Hakha)	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	454
443794	540	1923	khǎak	phlegm		Lai (Falam)	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	454
119615	540	978	chhâk	spit	v.	Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety
5709	540	975	khǎak	phlegm		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	641
443795	540	1924	khǎak	phlegm		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	454
118371	540	978	khâk	phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety
314167	540	1779	khaːk	phlegm		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Bhaskararao 96 CDB	PB-CLDB	739
71044	540	984	khaːk	phlegm		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	323
76192	540	986	khaːk	phlegm		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Coblin 86	WSC-SH	58
5886	540	975	tshâak	spit	v.	Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	682
118370	m,540	871	da-khaw	phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus		Lakher [Mara]	71	1.2.3	Maraic	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety
443792	m,540	1921	dà-kháw	phlegm		Lakher [Mara]	71	1.2.3	Maraic	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	454
131738	m,540	805	kə◦hək	phlegm		Kom Rem	72	1.2.4	“Old Kuki”	0	Toba 91 KRQ	T-KomRQ	9.2.5
5713	p,540	883	pʌ-khà	phlegm		Lamkang	72	1.2.4	“Old Kuki”	0	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	641
150431	p,540	1112	bʌ◦kháʔ	phlegm		Moyon	72	1.2.4	“Old Kuki”	0	Kosha 90	DK-Moyon	9.2.5
117757	540,601	1472	khā◦tok	mucus		Tangkhul	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety
118372	540,601	1472	khā◦tok	phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus		Tangkhul	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety
620772	540,m	2024	kʃi-du	phlegm		Tusom	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Mortensen 12 Tk	DRM-Tk	BodyParts.270
118373	m,540	1064	ching◦khak	phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety
119573	m,540	1064	ching◦khak	spittle / saliva		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety
46977	p,540	1063	ing◦kròy	saliva		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Grüssner 79 BP	KHG-MikirQ	18
118368	m,540	352	ha◦gāw	phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus		Bodo	80	1.7.1.1	Bodo	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety
5884	601,540	1187	thoʌk-kaʔ	saliva		Nocte	84	1.7.2.1	Tangsa-Nocte	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	682
5705	540	1488	¹t̪ho-³xil-xak	phlegm		Tangsa	84	1.7.2.1	Tangsa-Nocte	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	641
194211	p,540	690	mă³¹kha⁵⁵	phlegm		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	279.47
41221	p,540	679	mă¹ kha⁵⁵	phlegm		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Liu 84	JZ-Jingpo
118345	p,540	671	mə◦hka	phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety
6978	p,540	667	¹mə³kha	phlegm		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	992
128309	540	378	goks	phlegm		Bunan	20	2.1.1	Western Himalayish	0	Sharma, S.R. 91 Bu	SBN-BunQ	9.2.5
18111	540	731	khra	phlegm		Kanauri	20	2.1.1	Western Himalayish	0	Sharma, D.D. 88 Kn	DS-Kan	29,34
131380	540	1005	kab	phlegm		Pattani [Manchati]	20	2.1.1	Western Himalayish	0	Sharma, S.R. 91 Ma	STP-ManQ	9.2.5
131270	540	1005	kra◦ti	saliva		Pattani [Manchati]	20	2.1.1	Western Himalayish	0	Sharma, S.R. 91 Ma	STP-ManQ	3.7.5
39305	541,540,m	1085	har⁵⁵ kʰak⁵⁵ taŋ⁵⁵	phlegm		Tsangla (Motuo)	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Zhang Jichuan 86	JZ-CLMenba
194192	541,540,m	1088	har◦khak◦taŋ	phlegm		Tsangla (Motuo)	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	279.7
42236	541,540,m	1086	har◦kʰak◦taŋ	phlegm		Tsangla (Motuo)	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Sun H 80 MLD	SLZO-MLD
127768	540	436	kəp	phlegm		Chantyal	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Noonan 92	NPB-ChanQ	9.2.5
118351	540,543	1459	khre◦nyet	phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus		Tamang (Sahu)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety
123076	540,m	1464	kʰre◦nyet	sputum		Tamang (Sahu)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Taylor 72 TmVo	SIL-Sahu	2.65
118352	540,543	1527	'khā◦ne	phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus		Thakali (Tukche)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety
68497	540,543	1531	'kʰa◦ne	sputum / phlegm		Thakali (Tukche)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Hari 71a ThVo	SIL-Thak	2.A.68.1
177048	540	1530	²tum	wrap (things)		Thakali (Tukche)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Mazaudon 94 These	MM-Thesis	464
144025	540,m	129	khak◦ma	sputum		*Kiranti	29	2.3	Kiranti	1	Michailovsky 91 Kr	BM-PK7	169
118350	540,m	913	khāk◦wā	phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus		Limbu	31	2.3.1	Eastern Kiranti	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety
5708	540,m	910	khaːk◦waʔ	phlegm		Limbu	31	2.3.1	Eastern Kiranti	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	641
74239	540,s	911	khaːq◦wa	spit, phlegm		Limbu	31	2.3.1	Eastern Kiranti	1	Michailovsky 89 Lm	BM-Lim
5707	540,s	1648	kharak◦pa	phlegm		Yakha	31	2.3.1	Eastern Kiranti	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	641
51076	540,m	327	aʔ◦wa	oil		Bantawa	76	2.3.2	Southern Kiranti	1	Rai 85 BnDs	NKR-Bant
79477	540,m,s	328	khat-nüng-wa	phlegm		Bantawa	76	2.3.2	Southern Kiranti	1	Rai 84 BnDc	WW-Bant	39
79362	540,m	328	ʔak◦wa	oil		Bantawa	76	2.3.2	Southern Kiranti	1	Rai 84 BnDc	WW-Bant	1
144023	540,m	821	khak◦ma	sputum		Kulung	76	2.3.2	Southern Kiranti	1	Michailovsky 91 Kr	BM-PK7	169
61017	540,m	822	khak◦ma	sputum		Kulung	76	2.3.2	Southern Kiranti	1	Rai 75 Kul	RPHH-Kul
118360	540,s	755	'khāh◦mō	phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus		Khaling	77	2.3.3	Central Kiranti	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety
118361	540,601,s	1437	'krāk◦tuk◦ā	phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus		Sunwar	30	2.3.4	Western Kiranti	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety
12820	540,m	766	kha◦so	sputum / phlegm		Kham	28	2.4	Kham-Magar-Chepang	1	Watters 89 KhQ	DNW-KhamQ	2.A.68
113801	540,m	763	khā◦so	phlegm		Kham	28	2.4	Kham-Magar-Chepang	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety
118354	540,m	763	khā◦so	phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus		Kham	28	2.4	Kham-Magar-Chepang	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety
66889	540,m	766	kʰa◦so	sputum / phlegm		Kham	28	2.4	Kham-Magar-Chepang	1	Watters 89 KhQ	DNW-KhamQ	2.A.68
128805	m,540	562	tshɛ⁵⁵ kɑ⁵⁵	phlegm		Ersu	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Sun H 91 ErsQ	SHK-ErsCQ
194222	m,540	561	tshɛ⁵⁵kɑ⁵⁵	phlegm		Ersu	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	279.18
194197	m,540	1147	tsɿ³³qha⁵⁵	phlegm		Namuyi	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	279.19
129978	m,540	1146	tsɿ³³qʰa⁵⁵	phlegm		Namuyi	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Sun H 91 NamQ	SHK-NamuQ	9.2.5
42900	540,m	1304	qɑ¹³ n̥ɑ⁵⁵	phlegm		Pumi (Qinghua)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Lu 83 Pumi	JZ-Pumi
194194	540,m	1306	qɑ¹³n̥ɑ⁵⁵	phlegm		Pumi (Qinghua)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	279.11
43034	540,m	1307	ga³⁵ n̥ã⁵⁵	phlegm		Pumi (Taoba)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Lu 83 Pumi	JZ-Pumi
194218	540,m	1309	ga³⁵n̥ã⁵⁵	phlegm		Pumi (Taoba)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	279.10
194193	m,540,m	1323	tsho⁵⁵qhɑ³³χne³³	phlegm		Qiang (Taoping)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	279.9
43332	m,540,m	1321	tsʰo⁵⁵ qhɑ³³ χne³³	phlegm		Qiang (Taoping)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Sun H 81 Qia	JZ-Qiang
17904	m,540	1325	tʂʰup qʰɑ	phlegm		Qiang (Yadu)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Dai 89 Qian	DQ-QiangN	191
131074	540,m	1408	qhɛ³³ nɯi³³	phlegm		Xumi	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Sun H 91 ShiQ	SHK-ShixQ
194223	540,m	1409	qhɛ⁵⁵nɯi³³	phlegm		Xumi	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	279.20
13691	540	559	sqhɑɹ	phlegm		Ergong (Daofu)	35	3.3	rGyalrongic	1	Dai 89 Daof	DQ-Daofu	9.2.5
129652	540	558	sqʰaʴ	phlegm		Ergong (Danba)	35	3.3	rGyalrongic	1	Sun H 91 ErDQ	SHK-ErgDQ	9.2.5
38730	m,540	207	khɔŋ⁵⁵ kjak⁵⁵	phlegm		Achang (Luxi)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Dai 85 AcJZ	JZ-Achang
13196	m,540	370	kʰjauŋ³⁵ kja̱ʔ⁵⁵	phlegm		Bola	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Dai 89 Bola	DQ-Bola	184
15221	m,540	1024	khjauŋ³⁵ kjɔ̱ʔ⁵⁵	liquid mucus		Maru [Langsu]	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Dai 89 Lang	DQ-Langsu	3.5.6
15222	m,540	1024	khjauŋ³⁵ kjɔ̱ʔ⁵⁵	solid mucus		Maru [Langsu]	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Dai 89 Lang	DQ-Langsu	3.5.7
15382	m,540	1024	khjauŋ³⁵ kjɔ̱ʔ⁵⁵	phlegm		Maru [Langsu]	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Dai 89 Lang	DQ-Langsu	9.2.5
194209	m,540	1034	khjauŋ³⁵kjɔ̱ʔ⁵⁵	phlegm		Maru [Langsu]	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	279.43
44082	m,540	1686	khjuŋ²¹ kjo̱ʔ⁵⁵	phlegm		Atsi [Zaiwa]	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Xu 84 Zaiwa	JZ-Zaiwa
352972	m,540	1827	khjuŋ²¹kjo̱ʔ⁵⁵	sputum	nbp	Atsi [Zaiwa]	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0155.30
194234	m,540	1693	khuŋ²¹kjo̱ʔ⁵⁵	phlegm		Atsi [Zaiwa]	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	279.42
42672	m,540	1217	ti³¹ kʰɑʴ⁵⁵	phlegm		Nusu (Central)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun J 86 Nusu	JZ-Nusu
42388	m,540	1220	ti³¹ kʰɑ⁵⁵	phlegm		Nusu (Southern)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun J 86 Nusu	JZ-Nusu
194210	m,540	1215	ti³¹khɑʴ⁵⁵	phlegm		Nusu (Bijiang)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	279.45
42528	m,540	1219	ti̱³⁵ kʰia⁵⁵	phlegm		Nusu (Northern)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun J 86 Nusu	JZ-Nusu
16019	m,540	1218	ti̱⁵⁵ kʰʴɚ⁵⁵	phlegm		Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Dai 89 NusA	DQ-NusuA	184.
16269	m,540	1216	ti⁵⁵ kʰʴɚ⁵⁵	phlegm		Nusu (Central)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Dai 89 NusB	DQ-NusuB	184.
352976	m,540	1831	ti⁵⁵khɹɚ⁵⁵	sputum	nbp	Nusu (Central)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0155.34
43818	m,540	1665	ti̱²¹ khɑ²¹	phlegm		Yi (Nanjian)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Chen 85 YiJZ	JZ-Yi
194199	m,540	1666	ti̱²¹khɑ²¹	phlegm		Yi (Nanjian)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	279.23
352978	m,540	1833	tɪ̱²¹khɑ²¹	sputum	nbp	Yi (Weishan)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0155.36
47549	p,540	216	ɑ³³ xe̱³³	phlegm		Ahi	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Luo 90	LMZ-AhiQ	9.2.5
14263	m,540	698	kʰjø⁴⁴ kʰlʌ³³	phlegm		Jinuo (Baya/Banai)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Dai 89 JinA	DQ-JinA	191
14512	m,540	697	kʰjø⁴⁴ kʰlʌ³¹	phlegm		Jinuo (Baka)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Dai 89 JinB	DQ-JinB	191
41051	m,540	700	kʰø⁴⁴ kʰɹə⁴²	phlegm		Jinuo (Youle)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Gai 86	JZ-Jinuo

analysis

lgid

reflex

gloss

gfn

language

grpid

grpno

grp

genetic

citation

srcabbr

srcid

515150

540

2012

kaːk

phlegm

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Matisoff 03 HPTB

JAM-HPTB

594

283299

540

173

kak

phlegm

*Tani

1.1.1

Tani

Sun J 93 HCST

JS-HCST

290

174019

p,540

333

ta-kak

phlegm

Bengni

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Sun J 93 HCST

JS-HCST

159279

p,540

334

ta-kak

sputum

Bengni

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Sun J 93 Tani

JS-Tani

352966

p,540

1820

ta kak

sputum

nbp

Bokar

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0155.24

174020

p,540

360

ta-kak

phlegm

Bokar

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Sun J 93 HCST

JS-HCST

157282

p,540

365

ta-kak

phlegm

Bokar

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Sun J 93 Tani

JS-Tani

194213

p,540

368

ta kak

phlegm

Bokar Lhoba

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

279.51

41392

p,540

366

ta◦kak

phlegm

Bokar Lhoba

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Sun H 80 MLD

SLZO-MLD

493373

p,540

1979

`ta◦kak

phlegm

Galo

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09

GLDC-GED

5704

p,540

563

ˆta◦kak

phlegm

Galo

1.1.1.1

Western Tani

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

641

118365

p,540

189

ta-kak

phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]

1.1.1.2

Eastern Tani

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

157284

p,540

498

ta-ciaʔ

phlegm, sputum

Damu

1.1.1.2

Eastern Tani

Sun J 93 Tani

JS-Tani

174021

p,540

1079

ta-kak

phlegm

Mishing [Miri]

1.1.1.2

Eastern Tani

Sun J 93 HCST

JS-HCST

39742

m,540

505

nɑ³¹ kʰɑ⁵³

phlegm

Darang [Taraon]

1.1.2

Deng

Sun H 80 MLD

SLZO-MLD

352964

m,540

1818

nɑ³¹khɑ⁵³

sputum

nbp

Darang [Taraon]

1.1.2

Deng

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0155.22

194212

m,540

509

nɑ³¹khɑ⁵³

phlegm

Darang [Taraon]

1.1.2

Deng

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

279.49

352965

540

1819

khɹɑ⁵³

sputum

nbp

Kaman [Miju]

1.1.2

Deng

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0155.23

194237

540

592

khɹɑ⁵³

phlegm

Kaman [Miju]

1.1.2

Deng

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

279.48

39914

540

590

kʰɹɑ⁵³

phlegm

Kaman [Miju]

1.1.2

Deng

Sun H 80 MLD

SLZO-MLD

7260

540

1054

kʻrʌ̂ʔ

phlegm

Kaman [Miju]

1.1.2

Deng

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

1199

129029

p,m,540

661

a³¹nde⁵⁵kʰɹe⁵⁵

liquid mucus

Idu

1.1.2

Deng

Sun H 91 IduQ

SHK-Idu

3.5.6

129100

p,603,540

661

a³¹tiu⁵⁵kʰɹi⁵⁵

phlegm

Idu

1.1.2

Deng

Sun H 91 IduQ

SHK-Idu

9.2.5

35673

p,603,540

659

a◦tu◦tʰri

phlegm

Idu

1.1.2

Deng

Pulu 78

JP-Idu

194187

p,m,540

662

ɑ³¹nde⁵⁵khɹe⁵⁵

snot

Idu

1.1.2

Deng

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

278.50

194238

p,m,540

662

ɑ³¹tiu⁵⁵khɹi⁵⁵

phlegm

Idu

1.1.2

Deng

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

279.50

353070

p,m,540

1821

ɑ³¹nde⁵⁵khɹe⁵⁵

mucus (nasal)

nbp

Yidu

1.1.2

Deng

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0157.25

352967

p,m,540

1821

ɑ³¹tiu⁵⁵khɹi⁵⁵

sputum

nbp

Yidu

1.1.2

Deng

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0155.25

500485

540

1920

khaak

PHLEGM / MUCUS

*Chin

1.2

Kuki-Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

454

5710

p,540

245

pà-kháa

phlegm

Anal

1.2

Kuki-Chin

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

641

443797

540,m

1930

khak suah

mucus, phlegm

Paite

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

454

314168

540,m

1778

khaːk¹ so?³

phlegm

Tiddim

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

Bhaskararao 96 CDB

PB-CLDB

739

443796

540,m

1925

khaːk¹ soʔ³

phlegm

Tiddim

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

454

443798

m,540

1929

no◦kha

phlegm, liquid mucus

Khumi

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

454

443793

540

1947

khaak

phlegm

Lai (Hakha)

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

454

443794

540

1923

khǎak

phlegm

Lai (Falam)

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

454

119615

540

978

chhâk

spit

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

5709

540

975

khǎak

phlegm

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

641

443795

540

1924

khǎak

phlegm

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

454

118371

540

978

khâk

phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

314167

540

1779

khaːk

phlegm

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Bhaskararao 96 CDB

PB-CLDB

739

71044

540

984

khaːk

phlegm

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Benedict 72 STC

STC

323

76192

540

986

khaːk

phlegm

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Coblin 86

WSC-SH

5886

540

975

tshâak

spit

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

682

118370

m,540

871

da-khaw

phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus

Lakher [Mara]

1.2.3

Maraic

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

443792

m,540

1921

dà-kháw

phlegm

Lakher [Mara]

1.2.3

Maraic

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

454

131738

m,540

805

kə◦hək

phlegm

Kom Rem

1.2.4

“Old Kuki”

Toba 91 KRQ

T-KomRQ

9.2.5

5713

p,540

883

pʌ-khà

phlegm

Lamkang

1.2.4

“Old Kuki”

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

641

150431

p,540

1112

bʌ◦kháʔ

phlegm

Moyon

1.2.4

“Old Kuki”

Kosha 90

DK-Moyon

9.2.5

117757

540,601

1472

khā◦tok

mucus

Tangkhul

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

118372

540,601

1472

khā◦tok

phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus

Tangkhul

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

620772

540,m

2024

kʃi-du

phlegm

Tusom

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Mortensen 12 Tk

DRM-Tk

BodyParts.270

118373

m,540

1064

ching◦khak

phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

119573

m,540

1064

ching◦khak

spittle / saliva

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

46977

p,540

1063

ing◦kròy

saliva

Mikir [Karbi]

1.5

Mikir [Karbi]

Grüssner 79 BP

KHG-MikirQ

118368

m,540

352

ha◦gāw

phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus

Bodo

1.7.1.1

Bodo

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

5884

601,540

1187

thoʌk-kaʔ

saliva

Nocte

1.7.2.1

Tangsa-Nocte

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

682

5705

540

1488

¹t̪ho-³xil-xak

phlegm

Tangsa

1.7.2.1

Tangsa-Nocte

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

641

194211

p,540

690

mă³¹kha⁵⁵

phlegm

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

279.47

41221

p,540

679

mă¹ kha⁵⁵

phlegm

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Liu 84

JZ-Jingpo

118345

p,540

671

mə◦hka

phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

6978

p,540

667

¹mə³kha

phlegm

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

992

128309

540

378

goks

phlegm

Bunan

2.1.1

Western Himalayish

Sharma, S.R. 91 Bu

SBN-BunQ

9.2.5

18111

540

731

khra

phlegm

Kanauri

2.1.1

Western Himalayish

Sharma, D.D. 88 Kn

DS-Kan

29,34

131380

540

1005

kab

phlegm

Pattani [Manchati]

2.1.1

Western Himalayish

Sharma, S.R. 91 Ma

STP-ManQ

9.2.5

131270

540

1005

kra◦ti

saliva

Pattani [Manchati]

2.1.1

Western Himalayish

Sharma, S.R. 91 Ma

STP-ManQ

3.7.5

39305

541,540,m

1085

har⁵⁵ kʰak⁵⁵ taŋ⁵⁵

phlegm

Tsangla (Motuo)

2.1.2

Bodic

Zhang Jichuan 86

JZ-CLMenba

194192

541,540,m

1088

har◦khak◦taŋ

phlegm

Tsangla (Motuo)

2.1.2

Bodic

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

279.7

42236

541,540,m

1086

har◦kʰak◦taŋ

phlegm

Tsangla (Motuo)

2.1.2

Bodic

Sun H 80 MLD

SLZO-MLD

127768

540

436

kəp

phlegm

Chantyal

2.1.4

Tamangish

Noonan 92

NPB-ChanQ

9.2.5

118351

540,543

1459

khre◦nyet

phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus

Tamang (Sahu)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

123076

540,m

1464

kʰre◦nyet

sputum

Tamang (Sahu)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Taylor 72 TmVo

SIL-Sahu

2.65

118352

540,543

1527

'khā◦ne

phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus

Thakali (Tukche)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

68497

540,543

1531

'kʰa◦ne

sputum / phlegm

Thakali (Tukche)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Hari 71a ThVo

SIL-Thak

2.A.68.1

177048

540

1530

²tum

wrap (things)

Thakali (Tukche)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Mazaudon 94 These

MM-Thesis

464

144025

540,m

129

khak◦ma

sputum

*Kiranti

2.3

Kiranti

Michailovsky 91 Kr

BM-PK7

169

118350

540,m

913

khāk◦wā

phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus

Limbu

2.3.1

Eastern Kiranti

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

5708

540,m

910

khaːk◦waʔ

phlegm

Limbu

2.3.1

Eastern Kiranti

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

641

74239

540,s

911

khaːq◦wa

spit, phlegm

Limbu

2.3.1

Eastern Kiranti

Michailovsky 89 Lm

BM-Lim

5707

540,s

1648

kharak◦pa

phlegm

Yakha

2.3.1

Eastern Kiranti

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

641

51076

540,m

327

aʔ◦wa

oil

Bantawa

2.3.2

Southern Kiranti

Rai 85 BnDs

NKR-Bant

79477

540,m,s

328

khat-nüng-wa

phlegm

Bantawa

2.3.2

Southern Kiranti

Rai 84 BnDc

WW-Bant

79362

540,m

328

ʔak◦wa

oil

Bantawa

2.3.2

Southern Kiranti

Rai 84 BnDc

WW-Bant

144023

540,m

821

khak◦ma

sputum

Kulung

2.3.2

Southern Kiranti

Michailovsky 91 Kr

BM-PK7

169

61017

540,m

822

khak◦ma

sputum

Kulung

2.3.2

Southern Kiranti

Rai 75 Kul

RPHH-Kul

118360

540,s

755

'khāh◦mō

phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus

Khaling

2.3.3

Central Kiranti

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

118361

540,601,s

1437

'krāk◦tuk◦ā

phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus

Sunwar

2.3.4

Western Kiranti

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

12820

540,m

766

kha◦so

sputum / phlegm

Kham

2.4

Kham-Magar-Chepang

Watters 89 KhQ

DNW-KhamQ

2.A.68

113801

540,m

763

khā◦so

phlegm

Kham

2.4

Kham-Magar-Chepang

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

118354

540,m

763

khā◦so

phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus

Kham

2.4

Kham-Magar-Chepang

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

66889

540,m

766

kʰa◦so

sputum / phlegm

Kham

2.4

Kham-Magar-Chepang

Watters 89 KhQ

DNW-KhamQ

2.A.68

128805

m,540

562

tshɛ⁵⁵ kɑ⁵⁵

phlegm

Ersu

3.2

Qiangic

Sun H 91 ErsQ

SHK-ErsCQ

194222

m,540

561

tshɛ⁵⁵kɑ⁵⁵

phlegm

Ersu

3.2

Qiangic

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

279.18

194197

m,540

1147

tsɿ³³qha⁵⁵

phlegm

Namuyi

3.2

Qiangic

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

279.19

129978

m,540

1146

tsɿ³³qʰa⁵⁵

phlegm

Namuyi

3.2

Qiangic

Sun H 91 NamQ

SHK-NamuQ

9.2.5

42900

540,m

1304

qɑ¹³ n̥ɑ⁵⁵

phlegm

Pumi (Qinghua)

3.2

Qiangic

Lu 83 Pumi

JZ-Pumi

194194

540,m

1306

qɑ¹³n̥ɑ⁵⁵

phlegm

Pumi (Qinghua)

3.2

Qiangic

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

279.11

43034

540,m

1307

ga³⁵ n̥ã⁵⁵

phlegm

Pumi (Taoba)

3.2

Qiangic

Lu 83 Pumi

JZ-Pumi

194218

540,m

1309

ga³⁵n̥ã⁵⁵

phlegm

Pumi (Taoba)

3.2

Qiangic

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

279.10

194193

m,540,m

1323

tsho⁵⁵qhɑ³³χne³³

phlegm

Qiang (Taoping)

3.2

Qiangic

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

279.9

43332

m,540,m

1321

tsʰo⁵⁵ qhɑ³³ χne³³

phlegm

Qiang (Taoping)

3.2

Qiangic

Sun H 81 Qia

JZ-Qiang

17904

m,540

1325

tʂʰup qʰɑ

phlegm

Qiang (Yadu)

3.2

Qiangic

Dai 89 Qian

DQ-QiangN

191

131074

540,m

1408

qhɛ³³ nɯi³³

phlegm

Xumi

3.2

Qiangic

Sun H 91 ShiQ

SHK-ShixQ

194223

540,m

1409

qhɛ⁵⁵nɯi³³

phlegm

Xumi

3.2

Qiangic

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

279.20

13691

540

559

sqhɑɹ

phlegm

Ergong (Daofu)

3.3

rGyalrongic

Dai 89 Daof

DQ-Daofu

9.2.5

129652

540

558

sqʰaʴ

phlegm

Ergong (Danba)

3.3

rGyalrongic

Sun H 91 ErDQ

SHK-ErgDQ

9.2.5

38730

m,540

207

khɔŋ⁵⁵ kjak⁵⁵

phlegm

Achang (Luxi)

6.1.1

Burmish

Dai 85 AcJZ

JZ-Achang

13196

m,540

370

kʰjauŋ³⁵ kja̱ʔ⁵⁵

phlegm

Bola

6.1.1

Burmish

Dai 89 Bola

DQ-Bola

184

15221

m,540

1024

khjauŋ³⁵ kjɔ̱ʔ⁵⁵

liquid mucus

Maru [Langsu]

6.1.1

Burmish

Dai 89 Lang

DQ-Langsu

3.5.6

15222

m,540

1024

khjauŋ³⁵ kjɔ̱ʔ⁵⁵

solid mucus

Maru [Langsu]

6.1.1

Burmish

Dai 89 Lang

DQ-Langsu

3.5.7

15382

m,540

1024

khjauŋ³⁵ kjɔ̱ʔ⁵⁵

phlegm

Maru [Langsu]

6.1.1

Burmish

Dai 89 Lang

DQ-Langsu

9.2.5

194209

m,540

1034

khjauŋ³⁵kjɔ̱ʔ⁵⁵

phlegm

Maru [Langsu]

6.1.1

Burmish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

279.43

44082

m,540

1686

khjuŋ²¹ kjo̱ʔ⁵⁵

phlegm

Atsi [Zaiwa]

6.1.1

Burmish

Xu 84 Zaiwa

JZ-Zaiwa

352972

m,540

1827

khjuŋ²¹kjo̱ʔ⁵⁵

sputum

nbp

Atsi [Zaiwa]

6.1.1

Burmish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0155.30

194234

m,540

1693

khuŋ²¹kjo̱ʔ⁵⁵

phlegm

Atsi [Zaiwa]

6.1.1

Burmish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

279.42

42672

m,540

1217

ti³¹ kʰɑʴ⁵⁵

phlegm

Nusu (Central)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Sun J 86 Nusu

JZ-Nusu

42388

m,540

1220

ti³¹ kʰɑ⁵⁵

phlegm

Nusu (Southern)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Sun J 86 Nusu

JZ-Nusu

194210

m,540

1215

ti³¹khɑʴ⁵⁵

phlegm

Nusu (Bijiang)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

279.45

42528

m,540

1219

ti̱³⁵ kʰia⁵⁵

phlegm

Nusu (Northern)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Sun J 86 Nusu

JZ-Nusu

16019

m,540

1218

ti̱⁵⁵ kʰʴɚ⁵⁵

phlegm

Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Dai 89 NusA

DQ-NusuA

184.

16269

m,540

1216

ti⁵⁵ kʰʴɚ⁵⁵

phlegm

Nusu (Central)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Dai 89 NusB

DQ-NusuB

184.

352976

m,540

1831

ti⁵⁵khɹɚ⁵⁵

sputum

nbp

Nusu (Central)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0155.34

43818

m,540

1665

ti̱²¹ khɑ²¹

phlegm

Yi (Nanjian)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Chen 85 YiJZ

JZ-Yi

194199

m,540

1666

ti̱²¹khɑ²¹

phlegm

Yi (Nanjian)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

279.23

352978

m,540

1833

tɪ̱²¹khɑ²¹

sputum

nbp

Yi (Weishan)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0155.36

47549

p,540

216

ɑ³³ xe̱³³

phlegm

Ahi

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Luo 90

LMZ-AhiQ

9.2.5

14263

m,540

698

kʰjø⁴⁴ kʰlʌ³³

phlegm

Jinuo (Baya/Banai)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Dai 89 JinA

DQ-JinA

191

14512

m,540

697

kʰjø⁴⁴ kʰlʌ³¹

phlegm

Jinuo (Baka)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Dai 89 JinB

DQ-JinB

191

41051

m,540

700

kʰø⁴⁴ kʰɹə⁴²

phlegm

Jinuo (Youle)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Gai 86

JZ-Jinuo

#540 PTB *k(r)aːk PHLEGM / SPUTUM / MUCUS