6.0 Verbs of Motion, of Manipulation, and of Production > 6.7 Movement > 6.7.2 Outward

#2718 PTB *s-twak COME OUT / GO OUT / EMERGE

Reconstructed mesoroots below:

This root is extremely well-attested, in Lolo-Burmese and many other branches of the family. In some languages (Kiranti, Tani, Karbi), it has been specialized to refer to animal births.

A variant with nasal final is also sporadically found.

The Old Chinese comparandum is reconstructed with final *‑t, but this could well be a secondary development from an original velar after a front vowel. STC compares this Chinese etymon with PTB #2708 PTB *m‑(t/d)u NEPHEW / DESCENDANT, a meaning which is not given in GSR, but which appears in Erh Ya.

rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
52923927182032s-|twakcome out / go out / emerge*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Mortensen 12 TkDRM-Tk0
52923827182032s-|twakcome out / go out / emerge*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Mortensen 12 TkDRM-Tk0
51597627182012s-|twakcome out / go out / emerge*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB6160
154493m,2718,m498meː-təŋ xobirth, give (babies)Damu741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
154494m,2718,m498ɕo-tuŋ-xobirth, give (calves)Damu741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
50061227181920tshuak-I, tshuaʔ-IICOME OUT / EMERGE / APPEAR*Chin81.2Kuki-Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC5810
44440427181926sûoʔ-I, suo-IIhappen, appear, emerge, come out, be bornThado681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC5810
44440327181925suaʔ³unloadTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC5810
44440527181929thewcome out, rise (of the sun)Khumi691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC5810
44440127181923sûak-INVappear, emerge, come outLai (Falam)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC5810
44440027181947tshuak-I, tshuaʔ-IIappear, emerge, come out, rise (as the sun)Lai (Hakha)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC5810
31582127181779chhuakrelease; come or go out; originatevLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB22220
31582227181779chhuakcome or go out; disembark; start (on a journey)vLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB22230
44440227181924chhûak-I, chhùah-IIgo out, come out, to depart, to rise (as sun, moon, stars), to exudevLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC5810
44439927181921chhírise as the sunvLakher [Mara]711.2.3Maraic1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC5810
505893p,27181991á◦tùkcome outv.Ao (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Temsunungsang 09 AoTT-APPA50
242146p,2718270a◦dokgo outAo (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
258773p,85,2718,1017270a◦nü◦dok◦leneastAo (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
259889p,85,2718,1017,m270a◦nu◦dok◦len-tipsouthAo (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
52899827182031ʃokemerge*Tangkhulic661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-Tk5650
52909627182031ʃokexit / come out*Tangkhulic661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-Tk6770
526590m,m,27182023ʔu-kə-suʔproduce / emergeHuishu661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-TkVerbs.0760
525557m,27182023ʔu-suʔ-e-kʰeexitHuishu661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-TkVerbs.0060
621040m,27182024kə-suexitv.Tusom661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-TkVerbs.0050
525793m,27182025kə-ʃokemerge, exit, come out, occur, happen; do in exiting/emerging path (postp.)Ukhrul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-Tk0
47235p,27181063ching◦thòk-birth, give (animals)v.Mikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Grüssner 79 BPKHG-MikirQ680
242165p,27181489ka◦thotgo outTangsa (Moshang)841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
7940595,2718328cha tokt-birth, givev.t.Bantawa762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Rai 84 BnDcWW-Bant180
342032718146Ntwakemerge / come out(HIGH)*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR102(a)0
1678452718146Ntwakemerge / come out*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR102(a)0
1678482718146{C}-|twakemerge / come out*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR102(d)0
51597527182011ʔ-|twakᴴcome out / go out / emerge*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB6160
342052718146ʔdwakemerge / come out(LOW)*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR102(c)0
1678472718146ʔdwakemerge / come out*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR102(c)0
342042718146ʔtwakemerge / come out(HIGH)*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR102(b)0
1678462718146ʔtwakemerge / come out*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR102(b)0
287662m,2718,m201pɛi⁵⁵thoʔ⁵⁵ʑɑ⁵⁵eastAchang (Lianghe)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
2882462718201thoʔ⁵⁵exitAchang (Lianghe)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
2882482718201thoʔ⁵⁵retreatAchang (Lianghe)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
288272m,m,2718201ɑ³¹ȵu³¹thoʔ⁵⁵budvAchang (Lianghe)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
410790m,m,27181824a³¹ŋoŋ⁵⁵thoʔ⁵⁵germinate / sproutv.Achang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1307.280
220167m,m,2718200a³¹ŋɔŋ⁵⁵thoʔ⁵⁵budvAchang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC788.410
381235m,2718,m1824pui⁵⁵thoʔ⁵⁵pa³¹eastnAchang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0704.280
182376m,2718,m200pui⁵⁵thoʔ⁵⁵pa³¹eastAchang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC47.410
40621727181824thoʔ⁵⁵produceAchang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1205.280
41047627181824thoʔ⁵⁵occur / happenv.Achang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1299.280
42522527181824thoʔ⁵⁵rise / go upv.Achang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1623.280
2179742718200thoʔ⁵⁵exitAchang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC745.410
2182802718200thoʔ⁵⁵rise / appear (of the sun)Achang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC751.410
4062592718,m1824thoʔ⁵⁵lɔ³⁵go outAchang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1206.280
4063112718,m1824thoʔ⁵⁵ʐə³⁵come out (the sun)Achang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1207.280
4063622718,m1824thoʔ⁵⁵ʐə³⁵come outAchang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1208.280
287448m,m,2718207a³¹ȵɔʔ³¹thuaʔ⁵⁵budvAchang (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
286837m,m,2718,m207pui⁵⁵maʔ³¹thuaʔ⁵⁵ʑaʔ³¹eastAchang (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
2874222718207thuaʔ⁵⁵exitAchang (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
2874242718207thuaʔ⁵⁵retreatAchang (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
410791m,m,27181825a³¹ŋuŋ⁵⁵thoʔ⁵⁵germinate / sproutv.Achang (Xiandao)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1307.290
38123685,m,2718,m1825n⁵⁵mɔ⁵¹thoʔ⁵⁵pa³¹eastnAchang (Xiandao)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0704.290
40626027181825thoʔ⁵⁵go outAchang (Xiandao)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1206.290
40631227181825thoʔ⁵⁵come out (the sun)Achang (Xiandao)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1207.290
4063632718,m1825thoʔ⁵⁵lɔ³⁵come outAchang (Xiandao)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1208.290
4225942718,m1825thɔʔ⁵⁵ lɔ³⁵rise / stand upv.Achang (Xiandao)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1567.290
406409303,27181829ju³¹thɔʔ⁵⁵withdraw / take outBola (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1209.320
381239m,27181829pui⁵⁵thɔʔ⁵⁵eastnBola (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0704.320
40621927181829thɔʔ⁵⁵produceBola (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1205.320
40631527181829thɔʔ⁵⁵come out (the sun)Bola (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1207.320
40636627181829thɔʔ⁵⁵come outBola (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1208.320
42522927181829thɔʔ⁵⁵rise / go upv.Bola (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1623.320
4062632718,m1829thɔʔ⁵⁵la³¹go outBola (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1206.320
1344832718394thwakcome outBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL5070
4373382718406thwakgo and come out, emerge; rise; projectBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 76 WBurPKB-WBRD0
3031102718409thwakemerge, come outBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 72 STCSTC17n630
40625727181822thwɑk⁴go outBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1206.260
40636027181822thwɑk⁴come outBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1208.260
234306p,615,2718,s653ă hwàiŋ thò-|ŋsweat (cf.EMERGE / ISSUE)v.Hpun (Northern)446.1.1Burmish1Henderson 86 HpunEJAH-Hpun0
2339622718,2718,s653thᴜ̀ʔ, thò-|ŋemerge / issue (cp. Sweat)v.Hpun (Northern)446.1.1Burmish1Henderson 86 HpunEJAH-Hpun0
406408303,27181828ju³¹thuk⁵⁵withdraw / take outLangsu (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1209.310
381238m,2718,m1828pa³¹thuk⁵⁵ʃat⁵⁵eastnLangsu (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0704.310
40631427181828thuk⁵⁵come out (the sun)Langsu (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1207.310
41047827181828thuk⁵⁵occur / happenv.Langsu (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1299.310
42522827181828thuk⁵⁵rise / go upv.Langsu (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1623.310
40626227181828thuk⁵⁵jɛ³⁵go outLangsu (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1206.310
40636527181828thuk⁵⁵lɔ³¹come outLangsu (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1208.310
40628527181828thuk⁵⁵lɔ⁵⁵go outLangsu (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1206.310
381240m,27181830pei³¹thuk⁵⁵eastnLeqi (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0704.330
406316m,2718,m1830pei³¹thuʔ⁵⁵lɔ³¹come out (the sun)Leqi (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1207.330
4063672718,m1830thuʔ⁵⁵lɔ³¹come outLeqi (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1208.330
4062642718,m1830thuːʔ⁵⁵lɔ⁵⁵go outLeqi (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1206.330
182377m,27181034pa³¹thuk⁵⁵ʃat⁵⁵eastMaru [Langsu]446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC47.430
15374230,27181024sa³⁵ thuk⁵⁵bleedv.Maru [Langsu]446.1.1Burmish1Dai 89 LangDQ-Langsu8.7.20
21797527181034thuk⁵⁵exitMaru [Langsu]446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC745.430
21828127181034thuk⁵⁵rise (of the sun)Maru [Langsu]446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC751.430
382188p,27181827a²¹thoʔ⁵⁵upper part of / upper reachesnAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0722.300
382781p,2718,m1827a²¹thoʔ⁵⁵mai²¹upwardsadvAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0733.300
182912p,2718,m1693a²¹thoʔ⁵⁵ma⁵⁵topAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC57.420
406407303,27181827ju²¹thoʔ⁵⁵withdraw / take outAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1209.300
370651m,27181827kjam²¹thoʔ⁵⁵upstairsAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0500.300
381237m,2718,m1827pui⁵¹thoʔ⁵⁵ʃut⁵⁵eastnAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0704.300
182402m,2718,m1693pui⁵¹thoʔ⁵⁵ʃut⁵⁵eastAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC47.420
403836m,27181827puʔ²¹thoʔ⁵⁵spout / burst forthAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1152.300
40621827181827thoʔ⁵⁵produceAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1205.300
40631327181827thoʔ⁵⁵come out (the sun)Atsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1207.300
21800027181693thoʔ⁵⁵exitAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC745.420
21830627181693thoʔ⁵⁵rise (of the sun)Atsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC751.420
4062612718,m1827thoʔ⁵⁵e⁵⁵go outAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1206.300
4062842718,m1827thoʔ⁵⁵lo⁵⁵go outAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1206.300
4063642718,m1827thoʔ⁵⁵lo⁵⁵come outAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1208.300
3826762718,m1827thoʔ⁵⁵mai²¹over / aboveprepAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0731.300
410477m,27181827tut²¹thoʔ⁵⁵occur / happenv.Atsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1299.300
120532718152ʔ-|dwakᴴcome out*Loloish456.1.2Loloish1Bradley 79 PLoDB-PLolo6560
1344822718153ʔdwakᴴcome out*Loloish456.1.2Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL5070
31152827181790ʔdwakᴸgo outPNL456.1.2Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS71.0
40633027181845to⁵³come out (the sun)Gazhuo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1207.470
4062782718,m1845to⁵³ji³³go outGazhuo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1206.470
4063812718,m1845to⁵³li³³come outGazhuo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1208.470
2921372718879doqexit / go out / outwardsLalo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Björverud 94SB-Lalo0
31234027181781do̱³³go outLalo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS71.0
31254327181782du̱³³go outLipho466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS71.0
334562718972du 22s|emerge / come outLuquan466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR102(a)0
334592718972ty 55c|emerge / come outLuquan466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR102(c)0
334622718972tʻy 55|emerge / come outLuquan466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR102(d)0
31274627181783do̱²go outNasu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS71.0
3345727181152du 32s|emerge / come outNasu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR102(a)0
31294927181791de³³go outNeisu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS71.0
31213727181163du̱³³go outNesu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS71.0
31315227181785du̱⁴go outNosu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS71.0
33641727181220tho⁵⁵exitNusu (Southern)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun J 86 NusuJZ-Nusu0
40631727181831thua̱⁵³come out (the sun)Nusu (Central)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1207.340
4063682718,m1831thua̱⁵³khɹa³¹come outNusu (Central)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1208.340
33579985,2718,m1220ȵi³¹tho⁵⁵u⁵⁵eastNusu (Southern)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun J 86 NusuJZ-Nusu0
46023127181962du̱³³appear; emerge; exit (leave); go out; produce (make)Yi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
40632027181834du̱³³come out (the sun)Yi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1207.370
40637127181834du̱³³come outYi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1208.370
4062682718,m1834du̱³³thi⁵⁵go outYi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1206.370
40631927181833do³³come out (the sun)Yi (Weishan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1207.360
4063702718,m1833do³³lɑ⁵⁵come outYi (Weishan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1208.360
4062672718,m1833do³³ʑi⁵⁵go outYi (Weishan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1206.360
40632127181835du̱²come out (the sun)Yi (Wuding)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1207.380
4063722718,m1835du̱² le³³come outYi (Wuding)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1208.380
4062692718,m1835du̱³³di³³go outYi (Wuding)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1206.380
40631827181832du̱³³come out (the sun)Yi (Xide)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1207.350
4062662718,m1832du̱³³bo³³go outYi (Xide)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1206.350
334502718214du 44|emerge / come outAhi476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR102(a)0
31193427181780du̱³³go outAhi476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS71.0
334602718214tʻɤ 44s|emerge / come outAhi476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR102(d)0
4062752718,m1842to³⁵le³³go outJinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1206.440
4063782718,35691842to⁴²lɔ³³come outJinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1208.440
4063272718,35691842to⁴²lɯ³⁵come out (the sun)Jinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1207.440
381250m,m,27181841mv⁵³ni³³tɔ⁵⁴ phɔ⁵³eastnLahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0704.430
410489m,27181841phɛ²¹tɔ⁵⁴occur / happenv.Lahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1299.430
39500727181841tɔ⁵⁴protruding / raisedadjLahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0970.430
40622927181841tɔ⁵⁴produceLahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1205.430
40632627181841tɔ⁵⁴come out (the sun)Lahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1207.430
42524027181841tɔ⁵⁴ iɑ³³rise / go upv.Lahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1623.430
40627427181841tɔ⁵⁴e³³go outLahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1206.430
40565327181841tɔ⁵⁴kɑ³¹open (an umbrella)Lahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1191.430
4063772718,35691841tɔ⁵⁴lɑ³¹come outLahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1208.430
40560927181841tɔ⁵⁴tɑ¹¹prop up / supportLahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1190.430
41011027181841tɔ⁵⁴tɕhe⁵⁴snap (a thread)v.Lahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1291.430
41020427181841tɔ⁵⁴tɕhe⁵⁴snap / break (a stick)v.Lahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1293.430
182372m,m,2718851mu⁵³ni³³tɔ⁵⁴eastLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC47.330
334582718839tɔ̂ʔemerge / come outLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR102(b)0
2179702718851tɔ⁵⁴exitLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC745.330
2182762718851tɔ⁵⁴rise (of the sun)Lahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC751.330
301959m,2718856pɯ⁵tɔ⁶eastLahu (Yellow)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Chang 86JZ-Lahu0
3026532718856tɔ⁶gɤ⁵exitLahu (Yellow)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Chang 86JZ-Lahu0
285199m,2718943brgh³ daw³ hkrgh⁵eastLisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
272580m,2718946bɤ³³dɔ³³khɤ²¹east (the direction of sunrise)Lisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
286016615,2718943chï³ daw³perspirev.Lisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
286500615,2718943chï¹ daw³sweatv.Lisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
334532718930daw3emerge / come outLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR102(a)0
40622627181838do̱³³produceLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1205.400
40627127181838do̱³³go outLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1206.400
40632327181838do̱³³come out (the sun)Lisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1207.400
41048627181838do̱³³occur / happenv.Lisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1299.400
4063742718,35691838do̱³³lɑ³³come outLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1208.400
2179672718942do⁴⁴exitLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC745.270
2737522718,3569946du²¹la³³come inLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
286596m,2718943du⁴ daw³travelLisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
285633m,2718943du⁴-daw³journey, go on aLisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
2852312718,3569943dū⁵-la⁴enter (come in)Lisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
285269m,2718943dzi⁵-daw³exudev.Lisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
2735452718,3569946dæ³³la³³come upLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2736512718946dɔ³³come outVLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2736582718946dɔ³³flowVLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2736552718946dɔ³³dʑe³³go outLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2736532718946dɔ³³gi³³go out; start offLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2736562718,3569946dɔ³³la³³come outLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2736622718946dɔ³³la³³take place; appearVLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2736572718946dɔ³³pheʔ²¹exit; way outLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2736542718946dɔ³³tɕɤ³⁵way outLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2736522718946dɔ³³tɤ⁵⁵place of origin; place of production; sourceLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2736992718946dɔ³³ʃɿ²¹resource; produceNLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2737002718946dɔ³³ʃɿ²¹ dɔ³³dʑi²¹various resources; produceLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
277844m,2718946me³⁵dɔ³³expose; take out; search outLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2781182455,2718946mi²¹dɔ³³come out to workLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
278139m,2718946mi²¹dɔ³³beginning of the world; siLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
278141m,2718946mi²¹dɔ³³ hã³³dɔ³³beginning of worldLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
278140m,2718946mi²¹dɔ³³ tsha³³dɔ³³beginning of worldLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
285198m,m,2718943mi⁵-mi⁴ daw³ hkrgh⁵eastLisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
2826342455,2718944mjø²¹dɔ³³come out to workLisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
182369m,m,2718942mɯ³¹mi³³do⁴⁴khɯ³¹eastLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC47.270
381247m,m,27181838mɯ³¹mi̱³³do̱³³khɯ³¹eastnLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0704.400
277927m,m,2718946mɤ²¹mi³³ dɔ³³khɤ²¹eastLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
272894m,2718946pɯʔ²¹dɔ³³la³³burstVLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
280139303,2718946ru³³dɔ³³take outLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
285267m,2718943ru⁴ daw³ la⁴extractv.Lisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
284847m,2718943si⁵ daw³bleedv.t.Lisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
31173127181786do⁴⁴go outSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS71.0
3345127181368du 44|emerge / come outSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR102(a)0
40632227181836du⁴⁴come out (the sun)Yi (Sani)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1207.390
4063732718,35691836du⁴⁴lɪ³³come outYi (Sani)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1208.390
132074615,27181379tɕɛ⁵⁵do̱³³sweatv.Sani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Wu 84YHJC-Sani0
3346127181368tʻy 22s|emerge / come outSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR102(d)0
334492718234do HS|emerge / come outAkha486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR102(a)0
1344842718228doqcome outAkha486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL5070
1376252718243doqcome outAkha (Thai)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL5070
1376262718,m244doq ícome outAkha (Yunnan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL5070
182371m,2718510bɯ⁵⁵du̱³³phjo³³eastHani (Dazhai)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC47.310
334522718631du 33c|emerge / come outHani (Hu T’an)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR102(a)0
1687162718,m633dú í ?come outHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL5070
1376282718,m633duq ícome outHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL5070
2179692718510du̱³³exitHani (Dazhai)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC745.310
334552718632tu 55|emerge / come outHani (Kao Hua-Nien)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR102(a)0
406418m,27181839ba̱³¹du̱³³withdraw / take outHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1209.410
381248m,27181839bɯ⁵⁵du̱³³phø³³eastnHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0704.410
40622727181839du̱³³produceHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1205.410
40632427181839du̱³³come out (the sun)Hani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1207.410
41048727181839du̱³³occur / happenv.Hani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1299.410
40627227181839du̱³³ji⁵⁵go outHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1206.410
40637527181839du̱³³la⁵⁵come outHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1208.410
403844m,27181839thɔ³¹ du̱³³ji̱³³spout / burst forthHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1152.410
406096m,27181839ɣɤ³³du̱³³take out (from in between, a part from a whole)Hani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1202.410
218606m,2718418maŋ⁵⁵tv̱³³overflowHani (Caiyuan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC757.300
18239685,m,2718,m,m,m418ni⁵⁵mɔ³³tv̱³³la⁵⁵me⁵⁵pa³³eastHani (Caiyuan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC47.300
2076921145,2718418phi̱³³tv̱³³vomitHani (Caiyuan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC543.300
404531145,2718628pʰi̱³³ tv̩̄³³vomitHani (Caiyuan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Li Yongsui 86 HaniJZ-Hani0
2183001722,2718418ta̱³³; tv̱⁵⁵rise (of the sun)Hani (Caiyuan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC751.300
207641m,2718418thi³³tv̱³³spitHani (Caiyuan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC542.300
2179942718418tv̱³³exitHani (Caiyuan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC745.300
13448727181299tə́come outHani (Pijo)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL5070
1687172718,m1299tə́ jícome outHani (Pijo)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL5070
1376302718,m1299tə́ lýcome outHani (Pijo)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL5070
40452m,2718628tʰi³³ tv̩̄³³spitHani (Caiyuan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Li Yongsui 86 HaniJZ-Hani0
1376272718635dduvcome outHani (Wordlist)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL5070
1376312718638tu̯³³come outHaoni486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL5070
21799527181416tv̱³³exitHani (Shuikui)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC745.320
1344862718784come outHani (Khatu)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL5070
1376292718,m,2718,m784tó ly/tó jícome outHani (Khatu)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL5070
38124985,m,2718,m,m1840nu⁵⁵mɔ³³tv̱³³lɔ⁵⁵fɔ³³eastnHani (Mojiang)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0704.420
40622827181840tv̱³³produceHani (Mojiang)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1205.420
40632527181840tv̱³³come out (the sun)Hani (Mojiang)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1207.420
41048827181840tv̱³³occur / happenv.Hani (Mojiang)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1299.420
40627327181840tv̱³³ji⁵⁵go outHani (Mojiang)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1206.420
41335327181840tv̱³³li³³go by (two years) / passv.Hani (Mojiang)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1364.420
40637627181840tv̱³³lɔ⁵⁵come outHani (Mojiang)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1208.420
406419m,27181840xɛ⁵⁵tv̱³³withdraw / take outHani (Mojiang)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1209.420
406097m,27181840ɣɯ³³tv̱³³take out (from in between, a part from a whole)Hani (Mojiang)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1202.420
430177m,m,27181840ȵi³³thu³¹tv̱³³recall / rememberv.Hani (Mojiang)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1727.420
13448927181115toʔ³come outMpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL5070
43527027181120toʔ³release / outMpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Srinuan 76SD-MPD0
45884327181961toe45releasev.Pyen486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Shintani 09 PyenST-PL1811180
3345427181635tu 55|emerge / come outWoni486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR102(a)0
52223427182019do¹³exit (come out)Hlepho Phowa756.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish1Pelkey 11 PhulaJP-CPL8180
51982527182017dɯ⁵⁵exit (come out)Phuza756.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish1Pelkey 11 PhulaJP-CPL8180
51716427181999ʈʰv˧come out; rise (wind), come up (sun)v.Laze (Xiangjiao)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze125130
51436627181998tʰv˧come out; to rise (wind), to come up (sun)v.Na (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze10
51436727181998tʰv˧bud, to sprout (of tree)v.Na (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze10
51357885,m,27181998ɲi˧mi˧tʰv˧eastNa (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze10
220263m,27181676lv³³thv³³bear fruitNaxi (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC790.290
2182992718908thv³³rise (of the sun)Naxi (Lijiang)436.2Naxi1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC751.280
21827427181676thv³³rise (of the sun)Naxi (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC751.290
40623027181843thv̩³³produceNaxi436.2Naxi1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1205.450
40632827181843thv̩³³come out (the sun)Naxi436.2Naxi1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1207.450
18239585,m,2718908ȵi³³me³³thv³³eastNaxi (Lijiang)436.2Naxi1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC47.280
38125285,m,27181843ȵi³³me³³thv̩³³eastnNaxi436.2Naxi1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0704.450
18237085,m,27181676ȵi³³mi³³thv³³eastNaxi (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC47.290
60950227182207go or come outChinese (Hanzi)529Sinitic1BaxterSagart 2011WHBLS-20113500
603840271822110496ago or come outChinese (GSR #)529Sinitic1BaxterSagart 2011WHBLS-20113500
6221462718,2718481t̑'i̯wət / t̑ś'i̯uětgo out, come outv.Chinese (Old/Mid)539.0.1Old Chinese0Karlgren 57 GSRGSR496a-e0
599766p,27182210t-kʰutgo or come outChinese (Old)539.0.1Old Chinese0BaxterSagart 2011WHBLS-20113500
2954982718471thjutcome out / go out / go awayChinese (Old)539.0.1Old Chinese0Baxter 92WHB-OC11750
2961632718471thjutcome out / go outChinese (Old)539.0.1Old Chinese0Baxter 92WHB-OC18190
59569227182209tsyhwitgo or come outChinese (Middle)549.0.2Middle Chinese0BaxterSagart 2011WHBLS-20113500
14237827181010chūcome outChinese (Mandarin)559.0.3Modern Chinese0Evans 91ELS-CLL0
59161827182208chūgo or come outChinese (Mandarin)559.0.3Modern Chinese0BaxterSagart 2011WHBLS-20113500

Chinese comparandum

出 OC *t̑'i̯wət, GSR #496a-e ‘go out, come out’; Schuessler 2007:191 *k‑hlut; B & S 2011: *t‑kʰut; Mand. chū.