STEDT Etymon #2517

This etymon displays two well-attested patterns of variation: between *‑i‑ and *‑u‑, and between *‑i‑ and *‑ya‑. Similar allofamic behavior is shown by #363 PTB *s/r‑mul ⪤ *s‑mil ⪤ *s‑myal HAIR / FUR / FEATHER.

The meanings of the reflexes range from PINCH / SQUEEZE to PRESS / OPPRESS to SUBMERGE / SINK INTO / WEST, the common semantic link being downward motion. There is a resemblant root, #2407 PTB *l(i/u)p SINK INTO / DIVE, with similar meanings related to downward motion.

STC sets up two separate roots in this area, *nup ⪤ *nip ‘sink’ and *nyap ‘pinch, squeeze’, although it seems best to combine them into a single etymon.

Note the large number of Kuki-Chin allofams of this semantically highly differentiated root.

rn	analysis	lgid	reflex	gloss	gfn	language	grpid	grpno	grp	genetic	citation	srcabbr	srcid
7747	2517	175	nem	low	v.i.	*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	326
72297	2517,2517	182	nem ⪤ nyam	low		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Benedict 72 STC	STC	348
303955	2517	182	nip	crush, compress		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Benedict 72 STC	STC	84n250
60726	2517,2517	181	nup ⪤ *nip	west		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	LaPolla 87	RJL-DPTB	63
72350	2517,2517	182	nup ⪤ nip	sink		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Benedict 72 STC	STC	400
19921	2517,2517	174	nuːp~ni[ː]p	sink		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Chou 72	ACST	695a-d
7748	2517	175	nyam	low	v.i.	*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	326
72141	2517	182	nyap	pinch / squeeze		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Benedict 72 STC	STC	192
19902	2517	174	nyɑp	pinch / squeeze		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Chou 72	ACST	670
515526	2517	2012	s-\|nap	enter		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Matisoff 03 HPTB	JAM-HPTB	604
515537	2517,2517	2012	s-\|nem ⪤ s-\|nyam	low / soft		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Matisoff 03 HPTB	JAM-HPTB	604
515560	2517,2517,2517	2012	s-\|ni(ː)p ⪤ r/\|s-\|nyap ⪤ s-\|nu(ː)p	pinch / squeeze / press / oppress / sink into / submerge / enter		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Matisoff 03 HPTB	JAM-HPTB	605
160918	2517	498	*nøp	west		Damu	74	1.1.1.2	Eastern Tani	1	Sun J 93 Tani	JS-Tani
394930	p,2517	1819	kɯ³¹nɑ̆m⁵⁵	low / short	adj	Kaman [Miju]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0969.23
220961	p,2517	592	kɯ³¹nɑ̆m⁵⁵	low		Kaman [Miju]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	803.48
500918	2517	1920	hneem	COMFORT / CONSOLE		*Chin	8	1.2	Kuki-Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	887
500920	2517	1920	hnim	DIP / DYE / SUBMERGE		*Chin	8	1.2	Kuki-Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	889
500938	2517	1920	hnip ⪤ hŋip	SOFT		*Chin	8	1.2	Kuki-Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	907
500869	2517	1920	neem	SOFT / FLEXIBLE		*Chin	8	1.2	Kuki-Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	838
500863	2517	1920	niam ⪤ hniam	SHORT / LOWER		*Chin	8	1.2	Kuki-Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	832
500838	2517	1920	nuam-I, nuamʔ-II	COMFORTABLE / PLEASANT		*Chin	8	1.2	Kuki-Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	807
6271	m,2517	245	ì-nɛ̀ɛm	soft		Anal	8	1.2	Kuki-Chin	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	740
445533	2517	1927	nùam hī	happy		Sizang	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	807
445965	2517	1926	hèʔ néem-I, hèʔ-nèem-II	comfort, console		Thado	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	887
445693	2517	1926	něem-I, nèem-II	soft		Thado	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	838
445658	2517	1926	nîem-I, nìem-II	lower, be in lower position		Thado	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	832
445973	2517	1926	ním-I, nìm-II	dip, submerge		Thado	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	889
445532	2517	1926	nùom-I, nùop-II	pleasant, comfortable, pleasurable, easy, at ease		Thado	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	807
446057	2517	1926	ŋìp-INV	soft, fragile	be v.	Thado	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	907
445692	2517	1925	neːm²	flexible		Tiddim	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	838
445657	2517	1925	niam¹	low		Tiddim	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	832
314722	2517	1778	niam¹	low	vi	Tiddim	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	Bhaskararao 96 CDB	PB-CLDB	1219
170796	2517	1597	niam¹	low		Tiddim	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	Bhaskararao 94 TCV	PB-TCV
445972	2517	1925	nim²	dye		Tiddim	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	889
446056	2517	1925	nip³	soft		Tiddim	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	907
314727	2517	1778	nip³	soft	vi	Tiddim	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	Bhaskararao 96 CDB	PB-CLDB	1224
170799	2517	1597	nip³	soft		Tiddim	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	Bhaskararao 94 TCV	PB-TCV
445531	2517	1925	nuam³ > nop³	comfortable, enjoyable		Tiddim	68	1.2.1.1	Northern Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	807
446058	2517	1928	hngip	soft, smooth	be v.	Cho (Mindat)	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	907
445659	2517	1928	m-\|nem	lower, to bring lower	v	Cho (Mindat)	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	832
445660	p,2517	1929	a◦niee	low, short		Khumi	69	1.2.1.2	Southern Plains Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	832
445963	2517	1923	hnèem-I, hnêm-II	comfort, console, solace		Lai (Falam)	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	887
445962	2517	1947	hněem-I, hnemʔ-II	comfort, console, solace		Lai (Hakha)	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	887
445969	2517	1947	hnîm-I, hnǐm-II	dip, dye, submerge		Lai (Hakha)	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	889
445970	2517	1923	hnǐm-I, hnìm-II	dip, dye, submerge		Lai (Falam)	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	889
446053	2517	1947	hnip-I, hniʔ-II	soft (e.g.candy)		Lai (Hakha)	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	907
446054	2517	1923	hnìp-I, hnîʔ-II	soft		Lai (Falam)	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	907
445689	2517	1947	nêem-I, něem-II	soft, flexible		Lai (Hakha)	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	838
445690	2517	1923	něem-I, nèem-II	soft, flexible		Lai (Falam)	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	838
445654	2517	1947	nîam-I, nǐam-II	short, lower in position		Lai (Hakha)	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	832
445655	2517	1923	níam-I, nìam-II	short, lower in position		Lai (Falam)	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	832
445528	2517	1947	nǔam-I, nuamʔ-II	comfortable, pleasant		Lai (Hakha)	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	807
445529	2517	1923	nùam-INV	comfortable, pleasant		Lai (Falam)	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	807
445964	2517	1924	hnèem-I, hnêem-II	comfort, console, solace or cheer (as person in sorrow, etc)		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	887
5044	2517	975	hnǐam	low	v.i.	Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	326
244924	2517	976	hniam	low	adj	Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL
445656	2517	1924	hnǐam	low, short		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	832
315958	2517	1779	hniam	low	vi	Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Bhaskararao 96 CDB	PB-CLDB	2434
445971	2517	1924	hním	dip (in water, etc), to immerse, to duck, to plunge, to souse	v	Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	889
315959	2517	1779	hnim	dip	v	Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Bhaskararao 96 CDB	PB-CLDB	2436
249404	2517	976	hnip	soft		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL
446055	2517	1924	hnìp	soft, easy, yiedling		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	907
315960	2517	1779	hnip	soft	vi	Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Bhaskararao 96 CDB	PB-CLDB	2437
6270	2517	975	néem	soft		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	740
445691	2517	1924	néem	soft, yielding, weak (as beer, current of water, etc), mild (as tobacco, etc)		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	838
249403	2517	976	nêm	soft		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL
304872	2517	984	nem	soft		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	175n465
445530	2517	1924	nùam-I, nâwm-II	comfortable, pleasant, nice, cosy, agreeable, genial at ease, delightful	be v.	Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	807
445653	2517	1921	nái	short in stature, low		Lakher [Mara]	71	1.2.3	Maraic	1	VanBik 09 PKC	KVB-PKC	832
6272	m,2517	804	ìn-néem	soft		Kom Rem	72	1.2.4	“Old Kuki”	0	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	740
6273	m,m,2517	883	kʌ-pʌr-nɛ̀ɛm	soft		Lamkang	72	1.2.4	“Old Kuki”	0	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	740
619301	p,2517	2229	a-hnjəm	LOW	be v.	*Central Naga	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Bruhn 14 PCN	DWB-PCN	III.142
619313	p,2517	2229	a-njəp	SOFT	be v.	*Central Naga	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Bruhn 14 PCN	DWB-PCN	III.154
619032	p,2517	2228	a-nəm	LOW	be v.	*Ao	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Bruhn 14 PCN	DWB-PCN	II.259
619029	p,2517	2228	a-nəp	SOFT	be v.	*Ao	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Bruhn 14 PCN	DWB-PCN	II.256
619575	p,2517	2226	a³-nəm¹	low	be v.	Ao (Chungli)	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Bruhn 14 PCN	DWB-PCN	II.259
619582	m,2517	2226	a³nəp³	soft	be v.	Ao (Chungli)	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Bruhn 14 PCN	DWB-PCN	II.256
244901	2517	270	nem◦zük	low	adj	Ao (Chungli)	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL
618730	2517	2225	nə̀m	low	be v.	Ao (Mongsen: Khensa)	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Bruhn 14 PCN	DWB-PCN	II.259
244902	2517	273	nam	low	adj	Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL
620352	p,2517	2231	e¹-hnjəm³-	low	be v.	Lotha Naga	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Bruhn 14 PCN	DWB-PCN	III.142
620415	p,2517	2231	e¹-njəp²-	soft	be v.	Lotha Naga	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Bruhn 14 PCN	DWB-PCN	III.154
617099	p,2517,m,s,p,2517,m,s	2220	e◦nhyim◦ro◦a (e◦nyhim◦ro◦a)	low		Lotha Naga	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Murry 78	LLC-ALV	69
617107	p,2517,s	2220	e◦nyipb◦a	soft		Lotha Naga	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Murry 78	LLC-ALV	114
617108	p,2517,m	2220	e◦nyip◦rov	soft		Lotha Naga	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Murry 78	LLC-ALV	114
244908	2517,s	963	mmhyem◦a	low	adj	Lotha Naga	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL
5052	p,2517	962	¹e³nhyɯm(ʔ)	low	v.i.	Lotha Naga	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	326
244916	m,2517	1364	amüng◦nyem	low	adj	Sangtam	63	1.3.1	Central Naga (Ao Group)	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL
529076	2517	2031	nem	low		*Tangkhulic	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Mortensen 12 Tk	DRM-Tk	656
525719	m,2517	2023	kʰə-nem	low		Huishu	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Mortensen 12 Tk	DRM-Tk	Verbs.189
305979	2517	1470	nem	low		Tangkhul	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Bhat 69 TNV	Bhat-TNV	92
5046	m,2517	1469	¹khə²nəm	low	v.i.	Tangkhul	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	326
527500	m,2517	2025	kʰə-nɐm	low	be v.	Ukhrul	66	1.3.4	Tangkhulic	1	Mortensen 12 Tk	DRM-Tk
146023	2517	109	(h)nɑp	set (sun) / sink / drown / enter / penetrate		*Bodo-Garo	16	1.7.1	Bodo-Garo	1	Chou 72	ACST	695a-d
303964	2517	358	hap	enter		Bodo	80	1.7.1.1	Bodo	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	84n250
240632	2517	531	hap	enter		Dimasa	80	1.7.1.1	Bodo	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL
303965	2517	534	hap	enter		Dimasa	80	1.7.1.1	Bodo	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	84n250
303963	2517	579	nap	enter		Garo	81	1.7.1.2	Garo	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	84n250
467148	2517,m	1945	nap-a	enter; set, of	vi	Garo (Bangladesh)	81	1.7.1.2	Garo	1	Burling 03 Garo	RB-LMMG	9.313-II:idx
78964	2517	161	nium	low		*Northern Naga	12	1.7.2	Northern Naga/Konyakian	1	French 83	WTF-PNN	517
244913	p,2517	1188	a◦num	low	adj	Nocte	84	1.7.2.1	Tangsa-Nocte	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL
249387	2517,m	1281	nyen◦pü	soft		Phom	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL
71143	2517	685	nem	low		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	348
147601	2517	685	nip	shade, cast a shadow; be overcast, dim		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	400
70334	2517	685	nyap	squeeze; extort		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	192
71437	m,2517	685	śiŋ◦nip	shadow		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	400
182411	2517	1088	nup	west		Tsangla (Motuo)	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	48.7
218315	2517	1088	nup	set (of the sun)		Tsangla (Motuo)	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	752.7
296595	2517	1085	nup¹³	west		Tsangla (Motuo)	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Zhang Jichuan 86	JZ-CLMenba
297203	2517	1085	nup¹³	enter		Tsangla (Motuo)	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Zhang Jichuan 86	JZ-CLMenba
297442	2517	1089	nup	west		Tsangla (Tilang)	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Zhang Jichuan 86	JZ-CLMenba
297809	2517	1089	nup	enter		Tsangla (Tilang)	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Zhang Jichuan 86	JZ-CLMenba
297983	2517	1093	nup³⁵	west		Tshona (Wenlang)	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Lu 86 CuoM	JZ-CNMenba
182435	2517	1092	nup¹³	west		Tshona (Mama)	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	48.6
381317	2517	1851	nup	west	n	Motuo Menba	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0706.07
416987	2517	1851	nup	enter (a house)	v.	Motuo Menba	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1447.07
419985	2517	1851	nup	set (of the sun)	v	Motuo Menba	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1512.07
381316	2517	1850	nup³⁵	west	n	Cuona Menba	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0706.06
381315	2517	1848	nəp	west	n	Tibetan (Alike)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0706.05
182434	2517	1550	nəp	west		Tibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	48.4
182410	2517	1585	nəp	west		Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	48.5
381313	2517	1826	nuʔ²³¹	west	n	Tibetan (Batang)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0706.03
182409	2517	1380	nuʔ³¹	west		Tibetan (Khams:Dege)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	48.3
381361	2517	1815	nup¹³tɕho⁵²	west	n	Tibetan (Lhasa)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0706.02
381312	2517	1815	nup¹³²	west	n	Tibetan (Lhasa)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0706.02
419980	2517	1815	nup¹³²	set (of the sun)	v	Tibetan (Lhasa)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1512.02
182433	2517	1557	nuʔ¹³	west		Tibetan (Lhasa)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	48.2
69178	2517	1427	nup	west		Tibetan (Spiti)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Sharma, S.R. 79 Sp	SRS-PSS
260314	2517	1564	nub	west		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL
59096	2517	1577	nub	west		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	LaPolla 87	RJL-DPTB	63
71434	2517	1578	nub	west; evening		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	400
381311	2517	1804	nub	west	n	Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0706.01
419979	2517	1804	nub	set (of the sun)	v	Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1512.01
182408	2517	1582	nub	west		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	48.1
147600	2517,s	1578	nub-pa	fall gradually, sink; set (sun, moon); decay, decline		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	400
218312	2517,m	1582	nub; bʑud	set (of the sun)		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	752.1
70333	2517,2517,s	1578	rnyab-rnyab-pa	seize / snatch together		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	192
71435	2517,s	1578	snub-pa	cause to perish, suppress		Tibetan (Written)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	400
381314	2517	1837	nəp	west	n	Tibetan (Xiahe)	24	2.1.2.1	Tibetan	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0706.04
303833	2517	900	nŭp	covered with water		Lepcha	21	2.1.3	Lepcha	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	75n231
80327	2517	999	nɯp¹ co²	west		Manang (Gyaru)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Nagano 84 Man	YN-Man	375-02
21438	2517	1002	²nuː	west		Manang (Prakaa)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Hoshi 84	HM-Prak	0735
123273	2517	1464	nup	west		Tamang (Sahu)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Taylor 72 TmVo	SIL-Sahu	5.6
123851	2517,s	1464	nyen◦ca	soft	adj.	Tamang (Sahu)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Taylor 72 TmVo	SIL-Sahu	12.B.8
68792	2517	1531	'nuhp	west		Thakali (Tukche)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Hari 71a ThVo	SIL-Thak	5.A.4
71439	2517	305	nip	compress, express		Bahing	30	2.3.4	Western Kiranti	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	400
182441	2517,m	561	ȵo⁵⁵tɕho⁵⁵	west		Ersu	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	48.18
381326	2517,m	1811	nu̵³⁵tɕhyɔ⁵⁵	west	n	Guiqiong	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0706.16
381328	2517	1813	ȵi³⁵	west	n	Lyuzu	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0706.18
419993	2517,m	1810	nu³³ɕə⁵³	set (of the sun)	v	Muya	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1512.15
381325	2517	1810	nə⁵³	west	n	Muya	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0706.15
182414	2517	1136	nɯ⁵³	west		Muya [Minyak]	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	48.15
182416	2517,m	1147	ȵi³³tʂhu³³	west		Namuyi	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	48.19
381356	2517,m	1844	ȵi³¹tʂhuo³¹	west	n	Namuyi	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0706.46
381320	2517	1805	nə̃³⁵	west	n	Pumi (Jiulong)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0706.10
381319	2517	1853	ȵõ¹³	west	n	Pumi (Lanping)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0706.09
182413	2517	1306	ȵõ¹³	west		Pumi (Qinghua)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	48.11
182437	2517	1309	nø̃⁵⁵	west		Pumi (Taoba)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	48.10
182440	2517	1699	nu³⁵	west		Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	48.16
381323	2517	1808	nə¹³	west	n	Queyu (Xinlong)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0706.13
381324	2517	1809	nu¹³	west	n	Zhaba (Daofu County)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0706.14
381322	2517	1807	nəp	west	n	Daofu	35	3.3	rGyalrongic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0706.12
332439	2517	1797	nəp	west		Caodeng	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Sun J 97 Cao	JS-Caodeng
381321	2517	1806	nəp	west	n	rGyalrong (Maerkang)	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0706.11
182438	2517	1340	nəp	west		rGyalrong	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	48.12
59098	2484,2517,1017	1203	nəm nip lam	west		Anong	38	4	Nungic	1	LaPolla 87	RJL-DPTB	63
71438	2484,2517,1017	1205	nəm nip lam	west		Anong	38	4	Nungic	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	400
71144	p,2517	1205	ə◦nem	low		Anong	38	4	Nungic	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	348
182455	2484,2517	537	nɑ̆m⁵⁵nup⁵⁵	west		Trung [Dulong]	38	4	Nungic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	48.46
59095	2484,2517	539	nam⁵⁵ nuup⁵⁵	west		Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)	38	4	Nungic	1	LaPolla 87	RJL-DPTB	63
167933	2517	146	ʔnip	squeeze / press		*Lolo-Burmese	42	6.1	Lolo-Burmese	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	159(b)
415104	2517	1823	ȵ̥iʔ⁴	squeeze (for milk)	v.	Burmese (Rangoon)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1405.27
211165	2517	1428	ȵ̥iʔ⁴⁴	milk	v	Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	611.40
147519	2517	409	hńap	pinch, squeeze; blacksmiths tongs		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	192
438056	2517	406	hnip	crush, oppress		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Benedict 76 WBur	PKB-WBRD
71441	2517	409	hnip	crush, put down, oppress		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	400
168524	2517	409	ńap	squeezed	vs.	Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	192
5041	2517	390	ním	low	v.i.	Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Weidert 87 TBTo	AW-TBT	326
71145	2517	409	nim	low		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	348
394961	2517	1822	nim¹	low / short	adj	Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0969.26
220931	2517	411	nim¹	low		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	803.39
244921	2517	392	nimʼ	low	adj	Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL
439647	2517	406	nimʼ	low, short	be v.	Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Benedict 76 WBur	PKB-WBRD
168554	2517	409	nip	kept down	vs.	Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Benedict 72 STC	STC	400
438057	p,2517	406	ə-hnip	crush, oppress		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Benedict 76 WBur	PKB-WBRD
426731	2517,m	1830	nɛ̱ː⁵³phji³³	crush to pieces	v.	Leqi (Luxi)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1654.33
374873	m,2517	1841	mɛ³⁵nu⁵⁴	scissors	n	Lahu (Lancang)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0581.43
415158	2517,m	1841	nu⁵⁴ti¹¹	pinch (of a shoe)	v.	Lahu (Lancang)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1406.43
33742	335,2517	839	khɨ́-nôʔ	shoes		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	147
203435	m,2517	851	mɛ³⁵no⁵⁴	scissors		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	460.33
33741	m,2517	839	mɛ́-nôʔ	scissors		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	147
33740	2517,2517	839	nôʔ ~ nûʔ\|	pinch / squeeze		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	147
31499	2517,2517	838	nôʔ ⪤ nûʔ	pinch / squeeze		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 74 TJLB	JAM-TJLB	339
611508	2517	2207	入	enter		Chinese (Hanzi)	52	9	Sinitic	1	BaxterSagart 2011	WHBLS-2011	2356
605846	2517	2211	0695a	enter		Chinese (GSR #)	52	9	Sinitic	1	BaxterSagart 2011	WHBLS-2011	2356
20573	2517	480	niek	sink / drown		Chinese (Old/Mid)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Chou 72	ACST	1123d
303956	2517,2517	460	ni̯ap / ni̯äp	trample		Chinese (Old/Mid)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Benedict 72 STC	STC	84n250
303959	2517,2517	460	ńi̯əp / ńźi̯əp	enter		Chinese (Old/Mid)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Benedict 72 STC	STC	84n250
20435	2517,2517	480	ńi̯əp/ńźi̯əp	enter / bring in		Chinese (Old/Mid)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Chou 72	ACST	695a-d
20397	2517,2517	480	ni̯ɑp/ni̯ɑ̈p\|	trample		Chinese (Old/Mid)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Chou 72	ACST	638b
20436	2517,2517	480	nwəb/nuɑ̥̂i	interior / inside / inner / in / enter		Chinese (Old/Mid)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Chou 72	ACST	695e-g
20437	2517	480	nɑ̥̂p	bring in		Chinese (Old/Mid)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Chou 72	ACST	695h
295966	2517	471	newk	sink / go under		Chinese (Old)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Baxter 92	WHB-OC	1627f
296033	2517	471	newk	sink		Chinese (Old)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Baxter 92	WHB-OC	1691
296151	2517	471	njup	enter		Chinese (Old)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Baxter 92	WHB-OC	1807
296131	2517	471	nup	send / bring in		Chinese (Old)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Baxter 92	WHB-OC	1787
295040	2517	471	nup	bring in		Chinese (Old)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Baxter 92	WHB-OC	712
295144	2517	471	nup	send in / bring in		Chinese (Old)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Baxter 92	WHB-OC	821
601772	2517	2210	nəp {n[ə]p}	enter		Chinese (Old)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	BaxterSagart 2011	WHBLS-2011	2356
597698	2517	2209	nyip	enter		Chinese (Middle)	54	9.0.2	Middle Chinese	0	BaxterSagart 2011	WHBLS-2011	2356
37291	m,2517	1011	jihn◦ruh	enter		Chinese (Mandarin)	55	9.0.3	Modern Chinese	0	Sun J 85 ChGl	JS-Ch	661
37292	m,2517	1011	jihn◦ruh (pf)	enter (pf)		Chinese (Mandarin)	55	9.0.3	Modern Chinese	0	Sun J 85 ChGl	JS-Ch	662
593624	2517	2208	rù	enter		Chinese (Mandarin)	55	9.0.3	Modern Chinese	0	BaxterSagart 2011	WHBLS-2011	2356

analysis

lgid

reflex

gloss

gfn

language

grpid

grpno

grp

genetic

citation

srcabbr

srcid

7747

2517

175

nem

low

v.i.

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

326

72297

2517,2517

182

nem ⪤ nyam

low

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Benedict 72 STC

STC

348

303955

2517

182

nip

crush, compress

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Benedict 72 STC

STC

84n250

60726

2517,2517

181

nup ⪤ *nip

west

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

LaPolla 87

RJL-DPTB

72350

2517,2517

182

nup ⪤ nip

sink

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Benedict 72 STC

STC

400

19921

2517,2517

174

nuːp~ni[ː]p

sink

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Chou 72

ACST

695a-d

7748

2517

175

nyam

low

v.i.

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

326

72141

2517

182

nyap

pinch / squeeze

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Benedict 72 STC

STC

192

19902

2517

174

nyɑp

pinch / squeeze

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Chou 72

ACST

670

515526

2517

2012

s-|nap

enter

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Matisoff 03 HPTB

JAM-HPTB

604

515537

2517,2517

2012

s-|nem ⪤ s-|nyam

low / soft

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Matisoff 03 HPTB

JAM-HPTB

604

515560

2517,2517,2517

2012

s-|ni(ː)p ⪤ r/|s-|nyap ⪤ s-|nu(ː)p

pinch / squeeze / press / oppress / sink into / submerge / enter

*Tibeto-Burman

0.1

Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)

Matisoff 03 HPTB

JAM-HPTB

605

160918

2517

498

*nøp

west

Damu

1.1.1.2

Eastern Tani

Sun J 93 Tani

JS-Tani

394930

p,2517

1819

kɯ³¹nɑ̆m⁵⁵

low / short

adj

Kaman [Miju]

1.1.2

Deng

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0969.23

220961

p,2517

592

kɯ³¹nɑ̆m⁵⁵

low

Kaman [Miju]

1.1.2

Deng

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

803.48

500918

2517

1920

hneem

COMFORT / CONSOLE

*Chin

1.2

Kuki-Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

887

500920

2517

1920

hnim

DIP / DYE / SUBMERGE

*Chin

1.2

Kuki-Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

889

500938

2517

1920

hnip ⪤ hŋip

SOFT

*Chin

1.2

Kuki-Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

907

500869

2517

1920

neem

SOFT / FLEXIBLE

*Chin

1.2

Kuki-Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

838

500863

2517

1920

niam ⪤ hniam

SHORT / LOWER

*Chin

1.2

Kuki-Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

832

500838

2517

1920

nuam-I, nuamʔ-II

COMFORTABLE / PLEASANT

*Chin

1.2

Kuki-Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

807

6271

m,2517

245

ì-nɛ̀ɛm

soft

Anal

1.2

Kuki-Chin

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

740

445533

2517

1927

nùam hī

happy

Sizang

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

807

445965

2517

1926

hèʔ néem-I, hèʔ-nèem-II

comfort, console

Thado

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

887

445693

2517

1926

něem-I, nèem-II

soft

Thado

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

838

445658

2517

1926

nîem-I, nìem-II

lower, be in lower position

Thado

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

832

445973

2517

1926

ním-I, nìm-II

dip, submerge

Thado

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

889

445532

2517

1926

nùom-I, nùop-II

pleasant, comfortable, pleasurable, easy, at ease

Thado

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

807

446057

2517

1926

ŋìp-INV

soft, fragile

be v.

Thado

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

907

445692

2517

1925

neːm²

flexible

Tiddim

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

838

445657

2517

1925

niam¹

low

Tiddim

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

832

314722

2517

1778

niam¹

low

Tiddim

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

Bhaskararao 96 CDB

PB-CLDB

1219

170796

2517

1597

niam¹

low

Tiddim

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

Bhaskararao 94 TCV

PB-TCV

445972

2517

1925

nim²

dye

Tiddim

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

889

446056

2517

1925

nip³

soft

Tiddim

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

907

314727

2517

1778

nip³

soft

Tiddim

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

Bhaskararao 96 CDB

PB-CLDB

1224

170799

2517

1597

nip³

soft

Tiddim

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

Bhaskararao 94 TCV

PB-TCV

445531

2517

1925

nuam³ > nop³

comfortable, enjoyable

Tiddim

1.2.1.1

Northern Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

807

446058

2517

1928

hngip

soft, smooth

be v.

Cho (Mindat)

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

907

445659

2517

1928

m-|nem

lower, to bring lower

Cho (Mindat)

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

832

445660

p,2517

1929

a◦niee

low, short

Khumi

1.2.1.2

Southern Plains Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

832

445963

2517

1923

hnèem-I, hnêm-II

comfort, console, solace

Lai (Falam)

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

887

445962

2517

1947

hněem-I, hnemʔ-II

comfort, console, solace

Lai (Hakha)

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

887

445969

2517

1947

hnîm-I, hnǐm-II

dip, dye, submerge

Lai (Hakha)

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

889

445970

2517

1923

hnǐm-I, hnìm-II

dip, dye, submerge

Lai (Falam)

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

889

446053

2517

1947

hnip-I, hniʔ-II

soft (e.g.candy)

Lai (Hakha)

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

907

446054

2517

1923

hnìp-I, hnîʔ-II

soft

Lai (Falam)

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

907

445689

2517

1947

nêem-I, něem-II

soft, flexible

Lai (Hakha)

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

838

445690

2517

1923

něem-I, nèem-II

soft, flexible

Lai (Falam)

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

838

445654

2517

1947

nîam-I, nǐam-II

short, lower in position

Lai (Hakha)

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

832

445655

2517

1923

níam-I, nìam-II

short, lower in position

Lai (Falam)

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

832

445528

2517

1947

nǔam-I, nuamʔ-II

comfortable, pleasant

Lai (Hakha)

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

807

445529

2517

1923

nùam-INV

comfortable, pleasant

Lai (Falam)

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

807

445964

2517

1924

hnèem-I, hnêem-II

comfort, console, solace or cheer (as person in sorrow, etc)

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

887

5044

2517

975

hnǐam

low

v.i.

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

326

244924

2517

976

hniam

low

adj

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

445656

2517

1924

hnǐam

low, short

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

832

315958

2517

1779

hniam

low

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Bhaskararao 96 CDB

PB-CLDB

2434

445971

2517

1924

hním

dip (in water, etc), to immerse, to duck, to plunge, to souse

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

889

315959

2517

1779

hnim

dip

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Bhaskararao 96 CDB

PB-CLDB

2436

249404

2517

976

hnip

soft

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

446055

2517

1924

hnìp

soft, easy, yiedling

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

907

315960

2517

1779

hnip

soft

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Bhaskararao 96 CDB

PB-CLDB

2437

6270

2517

975

néem

soft

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

740

445691

2517

1924

néem

soft, yielding, weak (as beer, current of water, etc), mild (as tobacco, etc)

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

838

249403

2517

976

nêm

soft

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

304872

2517

984

nem

soft

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

Benedict 72 STC

STC

175n465

445530

2517

1924

nùam-I, nâwm-II

comfortable, pleasant, nice, cosy, agreeable, genial at ease, delightful

be v.

Lushai [Mizo]

1.2.2

Central Chin

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

807

445653

2517

1921

nái

short in stature, low

Lakher [Mara]

1.2.3

Maraic

VanBik 09 PKC

KVB-PKC

832

6272

m,2517

804

ìn-néem

soft

Kom Rem

1.2.4

“Old Kuki”

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

740

6273

m,m,2517

883

kʌ-pʌr-nɛ̀ɛm

soft

Lamkang

1.2.4

“Old Kuki”

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

740

619301

p,2517

2229

a-hnjəm

LOW

be v.

*Central Naga

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Bruhn 14 PCN

DWB-PCN

III.142

619313

p,2517

2229

a-njəp

SOFT

be v.

*Central Naga

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Bruhn 14 PCN

DWB-PCN

III.154

619032

p,2517

2228

a-nəm

LOW

be v.

*Ao

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Bruhn 14 PCN

DWB-PCN

II.259

619029

p,2517

2228

a-nəp

SOFT

be v.

*Ao

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Bruhn 14 PCN

DWB-PCN

II.256

619575

p,2517

2226

a³-nəm¹

low

be v.

Ao (Chungli)

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Bruhn 14 PCN

DWB-PCN

II.259

619582

m,2517

2226

a³nəp³

soft

be v.

Ao (Chungli)

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Bruhn 14 PCN

DWB-PCN

II.256

244901

2517

270

nem◦zük

low

adj

Ao (Chungli)

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

618730

2517

2225

nə̀m

low

be v.

Ao (Mongsen: Khensa)

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Bruhn 14 PCN

DWB-PCN

II.259

244902

2517

273

nam

low

adj

Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

620352

p,2517

2231

e¹-hnjəm³-

low

be v.

Lotha Naga

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Bruhn 14 PCN

DWB-PCN

III.142

620415

p,2517

2231

e¹-njəp²-

soft

be v.

Lotha Naga

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Bruhn 14 PCN

DWB-PCN

III.154

617099

p,2517,m,s,p,2517,m,s

2220

e◦nhyim◦ro◦a (e◦nyhim◦ro◦a)

low

Lotha Naga

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Murry 78

LLC-ALV

617107

p,2517,s

2220

e◦nyipb◦a

soft

Lotha Naga

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Murry 78

LLC-ALV

114

617108

p,2517,m

2220

e◦nyip◦rov

soft

Lotha Naga

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Murry 78

LLC-ALV

114

244908

2517,s

963

mmhyem◦a

low

adj

Lotha Naga

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

5052

p,2517

962

¹e³nhyɯm(ʔ)

low

v.i.

Lotha Naga

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

326

244916

m,2517

1364

amüng◦nyem

low

adj

Sangtam

1.3.1

Central Naga (Ao Group)

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

529076

2517

2031

nem

low

*Tangkhulic

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Mortensen 12 Tk

DRM-Tk

656

525719

m,2517

2023

kʰə-nem

low

Huishu

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Mortensen 12 Tk

DRM-Tk

Verbs.189

305979

2517

1470

nem

low

Tangkhul

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Bhat 69 TNV

Bhat-TNV

5046

m,2517

1469

¹khə²nəm

low

v.i.

Tangkhul

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

326

527500

m,2517

2025

kʰə-nɐm

low

be v.

Ukhrul

1.3.4

Tangkhulic

Mortensen 12 Tk

DRM-Tk

146023

2517

109

(h)nɑp

set (sun) / sink / drown / enter / penetrate

*Bodo-Garo

1.7.1

Bodo-Garo

Chou 72

ACST

695a-d

303964

2517

358

hap

enter

Bodo

1.7.1.1

Bodo

Benedict 72 STC

STC

84n250

240632

2517

531

hap

enter

Dimasa

1.7.1.1

Bodo

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

303965

2517

534

hap

enter

Dimasa

1.7.1.1

Bodo

Benedict 72 STC

STC

84n250

303963

2517

579

nap

enter

Garo

1.7.1.2

Garo

Benedict 72 STC

STC

84n250

467148

2517,m

1945

nap-a

enter; set, of

Garo (Bangladesh)

1.7.1.2

Garo

Burling 03 Garo

RB-LMMG

9.313-II:idx

78964

2517

161

nium

low

*Northern Naga

1.7.2

Northern Naga/Konyakian

French 83

WTF-PNN

517

244913

p,2517

1188

a◦num

low

adj

Nocte

1.7.2.1

Tangsa-Nocte

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

249387

2517,m

1281

nyen◦pü

soft

Phom

1.7.2.2

Konyak-Chang

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

71143

2517

685

nem

low

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Benedict 72 STC

STC

348

147601

2517

685

nip

shade, cast a shadow; be overcast, dim

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Benedict 72 STC

STC

400

70334

2517

685

nyap

squeeze; extort

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Benedict 72 STC

STC

192

71437

m,2517

685

śiŋ◦nip

shadow

Jingpho

1.7.3.1

Jingpho

Benedict 72 STC

STC

400

182411

2517

1088

nup

west

Tsangla (Motuo)

2.1.2

Bodic

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

48.7

218315

2517

1088

nup

set (of the sun)

Tsangla (Motuo)

2.1.2

Bodic

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

752.7

296595

2517

1085

nup¹³

west

Tsangla (Motuo)

2.1.2

Bodic

Zhang Jichuan 86

JZ-CLMenba

297203

2517

1085

nup¹³

enter

Tsangla (Motuo)

2.1.2

Bodic

Zhang Jichuan 86

JZ-CLMenba

297442

2517

1089

nup

west

Tsangla (Tilang)

2.1.2

Bodic

Zhang Jichuan 86

JZ-CLMenba

297809

2517

1089

nup

enter

Tsangla (Tilang)

2.1.2

Bodic

Zhang Jichuan 86

JZ-CLMenba

297983

2517

1093

nup³⁵

west

Tshona (Wenlang)

2.1.2

Bodic

Lu 86 CuoM

JZ-CNMenba

182435

2517

1092

nup¹³

west

Tshona (Mama)

2.1.2

Bodic

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

48.6

381317

2517

1851

nup

west

Motuo Menba

2.1.2

Bodic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0706.07

416987

2517

1851

nup

enter (a house)

Motuo Menba

2.1.2

Bodic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

1447.07

419985

2517

1851

nup

set (of the sun)

Motuo Menba

2.1.2

Bodic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

1512.07

381316

2517

1850

nup³⁵

west

Cuona Menba

2.1.2

Bodic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0706.06

381315

2517

1848

nəp

west

Tibetan (Alike)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0706.05

182434

2517

1550

nəp

west

Tibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

48.4

182410

2517

1585

nəp

west

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

48.5

381313

2517

1826

nuʔ²³¹

west

Tibetan (Batang)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0706.03

182409

2517

1380

nuʔ³¹

west

Tibetan (Khams:Dege)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

48.3

381361

2517

1815

nup¹³tɕho⁵²

west

Tibetan (Lhasa)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0706.02

381312

2517

1815

nup¹³²

west

Tibetan (Lhasa)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0706.02

419980

2517

1815

nup¹³²

set (of the sun)

Tibetan (Lhasa)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

1512.02

182433

2517

1557

nuʔ¹³

west

Tibetan (Lhasa)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

48.2

69178

2517

1427

nup

west

Tibetan (Spiti)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Sharma, S.R. 79 Sp

SRS-PSS

260314

2517

1564

nub

west

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

59096

2517

1577

nub

west

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

LaPolla 87

RJL-DPTB

71434

2517

1578

nub

west; evening

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Benedict 72 STC

STC

400

381311

2517

1804

nub

west

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0706.01

419979

2517

1804

nub

set (of the sun)

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

1512.01

182408

2517

1582

nub

west

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

48.1

147600

2517,s

1578

nub-pa

fall gradually, sink; set (sun, moon); decay, decline

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Benedict 72 STC

STC

400

218312

2517,m

1582

nub; bʑud

set (of the sun)

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

752.1

70333

2517,2517,s

1578

rnyab-rnyab-pa

seize / snatch together

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Benedict 72 STC

STC

192

71435

2517,s

1578

snub-pa

cause to perish, suppress

Tibetan (Written)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Benedict 72 STC

STC

400

381314

2517

1837

nəp

west

Tibetan (Xiahe)

2.1.2.1

Tibetan

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0706.04

303833

2517

900

nŭp

covered with water

Lepcha

2.1.3

Lepcha

Benedict 72 STC

STC

75n231

80327

2517

999

nɯp¹ co²

west

Manang (Gyaru)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Nagano 84 Man

YN-Man

375-02

21438

2517

1002

²nuː

west

Manang (Prakaa)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Hoshi 84

HM-Prak

0735

123273

2517

1464

nup

west

Tamang (Sahu)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Taylor 72 TmVo

SIL-Sahu

5.6

123851

2517,s

1464

nyen◦ca

soft

adj.

Tamang (Sahu)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Taylor 72 TmVo

SIL-Sahu

12.B.8

68792

2517

1531

'nuhp

west

Thakali (Tukche)

2.1.4

Tamangish

Hari 71a ThVo

SIL-Thak

5.A.4

71439

2517

305

nip

compress, express

Bahing

2.3.4

Western Kiranti

Benedict 72 STC

STC

400

182441

2517,m

561

ȵo⁵⁵tɕho⁵⁵

west

Ersu

3.2

Qiangic

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

48.18

381326

2517,m

1811

nu̵³⁵tɕhyɔ⁵⁵

west

Guiqiong

3.2

Qiangic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0706.16

381328

2517

1813

ȵi³⁵

west

Lyuzu

3.2

Qiangic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0706.18

419993

2517,m

1810

nu³³ɕə⁵³

set (of the sun)

Muya

3.2

Qiangic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

1512.15

381325

2517

1810

nə⁵³

west

Muya

3.2

Qiangic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0706.15

182414

2517

1136

nɯ⁵³

west

Muya [Minyak]

3.2

Qiangic

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

48.15

182416

2517,m

1147

ȵi³³tʂhu³³

west

Namuyi

3.2

Qiangic

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

48.19

381356

2517,m

1844

ȵi³¹tʂhuo³¹

west

Namuyi

3.2

Qiangic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0706.46

381320

2517

1805

nə̃³⁵

west

Pumi (Jiulong)

3.2

Qiangic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0706.10

381319

2517

1853

ȵõ¹³

west

Pumi (Lanping)

3.2

Qiangic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0706.09

182413

2517

1306

ȵõ¹³

west

Pumi (Qinghua)

3.2

Qiangic

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

48.11

182437

2517

1309

nø̃⁵⁵

west

Pumi (Taoba)

3.2

Qiangic

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

48.10

182440

2517

1699

nu³⁵

west

Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]

3.2

Qiangic

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

48.16

381323

2517

1808

nə¹³

west

Queyu (Xinlong)

3.2

Qiangic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0706.13

381324

2517

1809

nu¹³

west

Zhaba (Daofu County)

3.2

Qiangic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0706.14

381322

2517

1807

nəp

west

Daofu

3.3

rGyalrongic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0706.12

332439

2517

1797

nəp

west

Caodeng

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Sun J 97 Cao

JS-Caodeng

381321

2517

1806

nəp

west

rGyalrong (Maerkang)

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0706.11

182438

2517

1340

nəp

west

rGyalrong

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

48.12

59098

2484,2517,1017

1203

nəm nip lam

west

Anong

Nungic

LaPolla 87

RJL-DPTB

71438

2484,2517,1017

1205

nəm nip lam

west

Anong

Nungic

Benedict 72 STC

STC

400

71144

p,2517

1205

ə◦nem

low

Anong

Nungic

Benedict 72 STC

STC

348

182455

2484,2517

537

nɑ̆m⁵⁵nup⁵⁵

west

Trung [Dulong]

Nungic

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

48.46

59095

2484,2517

539

nam⁵⁵ nuup⁵⁵

west

Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)

Nungic

LaPolla 87

RJL-DPTB

167933

2517

146

ʔnip

squeeze / press

*Lolo-Burmese

6.1

Lolo-Burmese

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

159(b)

415104

2517

1823

ȵ̥iʔ⁴

squeeze (for milk)

Burmese (Rangoon)

6.1.1

Burmish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

1405.27

211165

2517

1428

ȵ̥iʔ⁴⁴

milk

Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)

6.1.1

Burmish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

611.40

147519

2517

409

hńap

pinch, squeeze; blacksmiths tongs

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Benedict 72 STC

STC

192

438056

2517

406

hnip

crush, oppress

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Benedict 76 WBur

PKB-WBRD

71441

2517

409

hnip

crush, put down, oppress

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Benedict 72 STC

STC

400

168524

2517

409

ńap

squeezed

vs.

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Benedict 72 STC

STC

192

5041

2517

390

ním

low

v.i.

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Weidert 87 TBTo

AW-TBT

326

71145

2517

409

nim

low

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Benedict 72 STC

STC

348

394961

2517

1822

nim¹

low / short

adj

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0969.26

220931

2517

411

nim¹

low

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

803.39

244921

2517

392

nimʼ

low

adj

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

439647

2517

406

nimʼ

low, short

be v.

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Benedict 76 WBur

PKB-WBRD

168554

2517

409

nip

kept down

vs.

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Benedict 72 STC

STC

400

438057

p,2517

406

ə-hnip

crush, oppress

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Benedict 76 WBur

PKB-WBRD

426731

2517,m

1830

nɛ̱ː⁵³phji³³

crush to pieces

Leqi (Luxi)

6.1.1

Burmish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

1654.33

374873

m,2517

1841

mɛ³⁵nu⁵⁴

scissors

Lahu (Lancang)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0581.43

415158

2517,m

1841

nu⁵⁴ti¹¹

pinch (of a shoe)

Lahu (Lancang)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

1406.43

33742

335,2517

839

khɨ́-nôʔ

shoes

Lahu (Black)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

147

203435

m,2517

851

mɛ³⁵no⁵⁴

scissors

Lahu (Black)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

460.33

33741

m,2517

839

mɛ́-nôʔ

scissors

Lahu (Black)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

147

33740

2517,2517

839

nôʔ ~ nûʔ|

pinch / squeeze

Lahu (Black)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

147

31499

2517,2517

838

nôʔ ⪤ nûʔ

pinch / squeeze

Lahu (Black)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 74 TJLB

JAM-TJLB

339

611508

2517

2207

入

enter

Chinese (Hanzi)

Sinitic

BaxterSagart 2011

WHBLS-2011

2356

605846

2517

2211

0695a

enter

Chinese (GSR #)

Sinitic

BaxterSagart 2011

WHBLS-2011

2356

20573

2517

480

niek

sink / drown

Chinese (Old/Mid)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Chou 72

ACST

1123d

303956

2517,2517

460

ni̯ap / ni̯äp

trample

Chinese (Old/Mid)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Benedict 72 STC

STC

84n250

303959

2517,2517

460

ńi̯əp / ńźi̯əp

enter

Chinese (Old/Mid)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Benedict 72 STC

STC

84n250

20435

2517,2517

480

ńi̯əp/ńźi̯əp

enter / bring in

Chinese (Old/Mid)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Chou 72

ACST

695a-d

20397

2517,2517

480

ni̯ɑp/ni̯ɑ̈p|

trample

Chinese (Old/Mid)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Chou 72

ACST

638b

20436

2517,2517

480

nwəb/nuɑ̥̂i

interior / inside / inner / in / enter

Chinese (Old/Mid)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Chou 72

ACST

695e-g

20437

2517

480

nɑ̥̂p

bring in

Chinese (Old/Mid)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Chou 72

ACST

695h

295966

2517

471

newk

sink / go under

Chinese (Old)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Baxter 92

WHB-OC

1627f

296033

2517

471

newk

sink

Chinese (Old)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Baxter 92

WHB-OC

1691

296151

2517

471

njup

enter

Chinese (Old)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Baxter 92

WHB-OC

1807

296131

2517

471

nup

send / bring in

Chinese (Old)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Baxter 92

WHB-OC

1787

295040

2517

471

nup

bring in

Chinese (Old)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Baxter 92

WHB-OC

712

295144

2517

471

nup

send in / bring in

Chinese (Old)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Baxter 92

WHB-OC

821

601772

2517

2210

nəp {n[ə]p}

enter

Chinese (Old)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

BaxterSagart 2011

WHBLS-2011

2356

597698

2517

2209

nyip

enter

Chinese (Middle)

9.0.2

Middle Chinese

BaxterSagart 2011

WHBLS-2011

2356

37291

m,2517

1011

jihn◦ruh

enter

Chinese (Mandarin)

9.0.3

Modern Chinese

Sun J 85 ChGl

JS-Ch

661

37292

m,2517

1011

jihn◦ruh (pf)

enter (pf)

Chinese (Mandarin)

9.0.3

Modern Chinese

Sun J 85 ChGl

JS-Ch

662

593624

2517

2208

rù

enter

Chinese (Mandarin)

9.0.3

Modern Chinese

BaxterSagart 2011

WHBLS-2011

2356

Chinese comparandum

入 OC *ńi̯əp , GSR #695a-d; B & S 2011: *nəp {n[ə]p}; Mand. rù.
納 OC *nɑ̥̂p, GSR #695h; B & S 2011: *nˁəp {nˁ[ə]p}; Mand. nà.
內 OC *nwəb, GSR #695e-g; B & S 2011: *nˁəp‑s {nˁ[ə]p‑s}; Mand. nèi.

躡 OC *ni̯ɑp, GSR #638b; B & S 2011: *nrep; Mand. niè.
攝 OC *śńi̯ɑp, GSR #638e; B & S 2011: *kə.n̥ep; Mand. niè, shè.
鑷 638
呫 618p
拈 618o

#2517 PTB *s-n(i/u)(ː)p/m ⪤ *r/s-nyap/m PINCH / SQUEEZE / PRESS / OPPRESS / SUBMERGE / SINK INTO / WEST / LOW / SOFT

Chinese comparandum

#2517 PTB s-n(i/u)(ː)p/m ⪤ r/s-nyap/m PINCH / SQUEEZE / PRESS / OPPRESS / SUBMERGE / SINK INTO / WEST / LOW / SOFT