STEDT Etymon #237
1.0 The Body > 1.6 Diffuse Organs > 1.6.3 Bone
#237 PTB *g-ra-t BONE |
There are several Tujia forms with initial velar (e.g. si³lu¹ga¹ ‘pig’s bone’, lu¹ga¹ ‘bone’), which might belong to this root, if we assume preemption by the prefix. On the other hand, we are considering the Bai forms to descend from this etymon on the strength of the ‑w‑ medial.
Jingpho has developed a nasal prefix with this root.
| rn | analysis | lgid | reflex | gloss | gfn | language | grpid | grpno | grp | genetic | citation | srcabbr | srcid | rn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 515718 | 237 | 2012 | g-|ra | fishbone / spine | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Matisoff 03 HPTB | JAM-HPTB | 609 | 0 | |
| 48453 | m,m,237 | 660 | sub◦rup◦ra | rib | Idu | 6 | 1.1.2 | Deng | 1 | Anonymous 62 Idu | NEFA-PBI | 0 | ||
| 35686 | m,m,237 | 659 | xub◦rup◦ra | rib | Idu | 6 | 1.1.2 | Deng | 1 | Pulu 78 | JP-Idu | 0 | ||
| 114233 | m,m,237 | 1593 | āŋo◦soŋ◦ra | spine (upper) | Tiddim | 68 | 1.2.1.1 | Northern Chin | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 240969 | 237 | 1364 | trü | fear | v | Sangtam | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | |
| 165213 | m,237 | 906 | pa◦rah | bone | Liangmei | 64 | 1.3.3 | Zeme Group | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 165216 | 237,m | 1018 | ra◦ghau | bone | Maram | 64 | 1.3.3 | Zeme Group | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 168886 | m,m,237 | 1694 | he◦mei◦ra | bone | Zeme | 64 | 1.3.3 | Zeme Group | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 165233 | m,237 | 1694 | pe◦ra | bone | Zeme | 64 | 1.3.3 | Zeme Group | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 5438 | m,237 | 1695 | ⁵ma³ra | bone [lit. one's bone] | Zeme | 64 | 1.3.3 | Zeme Group | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 495 | 0 | |
| 165219 | m,237 | 1137 | pe◦ra | bone | Mzieme | 64 | 1.3.3 | Zeme Group | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 114410 | p,237 | 1472 | ā-ra | bone | Tangkhul | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 114426 | p,237,p,237 | 1472 | ā-ra ā-rā | bones of all sorts | Tangkhul | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 114411 | p,237,m | 1472 | ā-ra-kui | bone | Tangkhul | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 119354 | p,558,3379,237 | 1472 | ā-rāp thiŋ-ra | rib | Tangkhul | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 114953 | m,237 | 1472 | ākashai◦ra | collarbone / clavicle | Tangkhul | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 114273 | m,206,m,237 | 1472 | ā◦khum◦ren◦ra◦li kazan | backbone / spine | Tangkhul | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 119471 | p,386,237 | 1472 | ā◦kui◦ra | skull | Tangkhul | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 118243 | p,5545,3326,237 | 1472 | ā◦mei phāŋ◦ra | pelvis | Tangkhul | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 165228 | p,237 | 1471 | a◦ra | bone | Tangkhul | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 118244 | p,?,3326,237 | 1472 | ā◦raŋ◦phāŋ◦ra | pelvis | Tangkhul | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 168885 | p,237,m | 1471 | a◦ra◦kui | bone | Tangkhul | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 119069 | m,237 | 1472 | khaishāŋ ra | thigh bone | Tangkhul | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 119316 | p,289,237 | 1472 | ma◦thik◦ra | breastbone / sternum | Tangkhul | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 118528 | 343,803,808,237 | 1472 | phei nā-tāŋ ra | shinbone ("leg-nose-bone") | Tangkhul | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 165915 | m,m,237 | 1471 | shak◦shi◦ra | hip | Tangkhul | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 114757 | m,m,237 | 1472 | shak◦shi◦ra | hip | Tangkhul | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 77805 | m,237 | 1192 | a ra | bone | Nocte | 84 | 1.7.2.1 | Tangsa-Nocte | 1 | French 83 | WTF-PNN | 461 | 0 | |
| 165220 | m,237 | 1188 | a◦ra | bone | Nocte | 84 | 1.7.2.1 | Tangsa-Nocte | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 7065 | 273,237 | 1187 | kaʔ-²ra | jaw-bone | Nocte | 84 | 1.7.2.1 | Tangsa-Nocte | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 1061 | 0 | |
| 5435 | 237 | 1187 | ²ra(ʔ) | bone | Nocte | 84 | 1.7.2.1 | Tangsa-Nocte | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 495 | 0 | |
| 6643 | 1362,237,219 | 1187 | ²tam²ra¹khoŋ | backbone / spine | Nocte | 84 | 1.7.2.1 | Tangsa-Nocte | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 828 | 0 | |
| 77806 | m,237 | 1632 | ho ra | bone | Wancho | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | French 83 | WTF-PNN | 461 | 0 | |
| 165230 | m,237 | 1628 | ho◦ra | bone | Wancho | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 119326 | p,554,237 | 671 | gə◦rèp nra | rib | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 172469 | p,554,237 | 669 | ka◦rep nra | rib | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 114278 | 207,237 | 671 | khyun nra | lumbar vertebrae | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 114946 | p,237 | 671 | kəhpàq nra | collarbone / clavicle | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 351896 | m,m,237 | 1814 | mă³¹ʒuŋ³³n³¹|ʒa³³ | spine / backbone | n | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0134.19 | 0 |
| 114374 | 232,237 | 671 | n-rut| n-ra| | bone | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 114372 | 237 | 671 | n-|ra | bone | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 165236 | p,237 | 669 | nra | bone | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 117429 | 237,p,5485 | 671 | nra lə◦səwi | marrow | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 351843 | 237 | 1814 | n³¹|ʒa³³ | bone | n | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0133.19 | 0 |
| 41204 | 237 | 679 | n̩³³ |ʒa³³ | bone | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Liu 84 | JZ-Jingpo | 0 | ||
| 5434 | 237 | 667 | ¹n²ra| | bone | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 495 | 0 | |
| 126445 | 215,237 | 319 | ndzɔ¹³ rɑ⁵³ | hipbone | Baima | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Sun H 91 Baim | SHK-BaimaQ | 5.8.2 | 0 | |
| 60016 | 237,m | 1091 | rɔɔ¹³ pha⁵³ | bone | Tshona (Mama) | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | LaPolla 87 | RJL-DPTB | 153 | 0 | |
| 42048 | 237,m | 1090 | rɔː¹³ pʰᴀ⁵³ | bone | Tshona (Mama) | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Sun H 80 MLD | SLZO-MLD | 0 | ||
| 114421 | 237,s | 1568 | gra-ma | fishbone | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 114394 | p,237 | 894 | ah-răt | bone | Lepcha | 21 | 2.1.3 | Lepcha | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 303095 | p,237 | 900 | ăh◦răt | bone | Lepcha | 21 | 2.1.3 | Lepcha | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 17n62 | 0 | |
| 505655 | p,237 | 1988 | ʔáh◦ret | bone | n. | Lepcha | 21 | 2.1.3 | Lepcha | 1 | Plaisier 07 Lepcha | HP-GL | 0 | |
| 117064 | 2052,286,237 | 913 | ne◦deŋ◦yet | cheekbone | Limbu | 31 | 2.3.1 | Eastern Kiranti | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 117101 | 237,1112,s | 913 | yet◦siŋ◦bā | chin | Limbu | 31 | 2.3.1 | Eastern Kiranti | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 234724 | 237 | 1494 | ɣɑ̣ | bone | Tangut [Xixia] | 33 | 3.1 | Tangut | 1 | Nishida 64 Tan | NT-SGK | 8-081 | 0 | |
| 129257 | m,m,237,m | 1319 | də kæ ɹə◦pætʂə̥ | thigh bone / femur | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 MawQ | SHK-MawoQ | 6.2.1.1 | 0 | |
| 60020 | 237,m | 1318 | rə◦patʂ | bone | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | LaPolla 87 | RJL-DPTB | 153 | 1 | |
| 351885 | m,237,m | 1852 | tsup əʴ pɑtʂ | spine / backbone | n | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0134.08 | 0 |
| 351832 | 237 | 1852 | əʴ pɑtʂ | bone | n | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0133.08 | 0 |
| 129311 | 237,m | 1319 | ɹə pætʂ | bone | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 MawQ | SHK-MawoQ | 8.4 | 0 | |
| 43171 | 237,m | 1317 | ɹə◦patʂ | bone | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 81 Qia | JZ-Qiang | 0 | ||
| 37507 | 237,m | 1316 | ɹə◦patʂʷ | bone | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun J 86 Mawo | JS-Mawo | 0 | ||
| 114377 | 5450,237,m | 832 | ɔ̀-ká-ku | bone | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 38851 | 237 | 310 | quɑ̱⁴⁴ | bone | Bai (Bijiang) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Xu 84 Bai | JZ-Bai | 0 | ||
| 325883 | 237,m,m | 1793 | k'ua tö tsɛ 232 | knee | Bai (Dali) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Dell 81 | Dell-Bai | 128 | 0 | |
| 38985 | 237,m | 313 | kuɑ̱⁴⁴ tɯ̱²¹ | bone | Bai (Dali) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Xu 84 Bai | JZ-Bai | 0 | ||
| 19178 | 237,m,m | 312 | kʰua² tœ³ tsɛ² | knee | Bai (Dali) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Dell 81 | FD-Bai | pp.150-169 | 0 | |
| 350231 | 237,m,m | 1846 | kua³³tiə⁴²ka̱³³ | knee | n | Bai (Jianchuan) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0101.48 | 0 |
| 80828 | 237,m | 309 | kua̱⁴⁴ tɯ̱²¹ | bone | Bai (Jianchuan) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Zhao 90 | ZYS-Bai | 8.4 | 0 | |
| 80829 | 237,m,m | 309 | kua̱⁴⁴ tɯ̱²¹ tɕa̱⁴⁴ | skeleton | Bai (Jianchuan) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Zhao 90 | ZYS-Bai | 8.4.1 | 0 | |
| 80831 | 237,b | 309 | kua̱⁴⁴ ɕuĩ³³ | marrow | Bai (Jianchuan) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Zhao 90 | ZYS-Bai | 8.4.3 | 0 | |
| 351872 | 237,m | 1846 | kuɑ̱³³tiə⁴² | bone | n | Bai (Jianchuan) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0133.48 | 0 |
| 39125 | 237,m | 316 | kuɑ̱⁴⁴ tɯ̱²¹ | bone | Bai (Jianchuan) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Xu 84 Bai | JZ-Bai | 0 | ||
| 39126 | 237,b | 316 | kuɑ̱⁴⁴ ɕuĩ³³ | marrow | Bai (Jianchuan) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Xu 84 Bai | JZ-Bai | 2 | ||
| 80748 | 237,m,m,m | 309 | kʰuæ³¹ pi⁵⁵ kua̱⁴⁴ tɯ̱²¹ | thigh bone / femur | Bai (Jianchuan) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Zhao 90 | ZYS-Bai | 6.2.1.1 | 0 | |
| 80750 | 237,m,m | 309 | kʰuæ³¹ tsɿ³³ te̱⁴⁴ | knee | Bai (Jianchuan) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Zhao 90 | ZYS-Bai | 6.2.2 | 0 | |
| 80751 | 237,m,m,m | 309 | kʰuæ³¹ tsɿ³³ te̱⁴⁴ kʰo³³ | knee cap / patella | Bai (Jianchuan) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Zhao 90 | ZYS-Bai | 6.2.2.1 | 0 | |
| 80710 | 225,237,m,m | 309 | tõ³¹ kua̱⁴⁴ ɕui³³ jɯ̱̃⁴² | backbone / spine | Bai (Jianchuan) | 51 | 8 | Bai | 1 | Zhao 90 | ZYS-Bai | 5.5.4 | 0 | |
| 169261 | 237 | 481 | gli̯o/li̯wo: | backbone / spine; pitch-pipe | Chinese (Old/Mid) | 53 | 9.0.1 | Old Chinese | 0 | Karlgren 57 GSR | GSR | 76a-c | 0 |
呂 / 吕 OC *gli̯o, GSR #76a-c ‘spine; pitchpipe’; Schuessler 2007:367 *raʔ; B & S 2011: *raʔ {[r]aʔ}; Mand. lǚ.
梠 OC *gli̯o, GSR #76e-f ‘beam supporting rafters of a roof’; Schuessler 2007:367 *raʔ; B & S 2011: (*raʔ {[r]aʔ}); Mand. lǚ.
旅 OC *gli̯o, GSR #77a ‘arrange in a series; one after another; troops, multitude’; Schuessler 2007:367 *raʔ; B & S 2011: *raʔ {[r]aʔ}; Mand. lǚ.
Comment: The etymon above glossed ‘arrange in a series...’, etc. is apparently the earliest to be associated with the graph 旅 lǚ in Chinese. The same graph, 旅, was later borrowed to represent another, unrelated etymon glossed ‘guest, stranger, ... lodging’, which is also a comparandum for #5531 PTB *d‑gra STRANGER / ENEMY.
Note that the graph 膂 (GSR #77e), Mand. lǚ, is essentially the same etymon as 旅, with the same OC reconstruction.