STEDT Etymon #1715
1.0 The Body > 1.3 Mouth and Throat > 1.3.1 Mouth > 1.3.1.3 Yawn/Gape
#1715 PTB *m-ha(ː)m ⪤ *kam YAWN |
This root is still another example of the widespread variational pattern between h‑ and initial velars. See Matisoff (1997) and HPTB:57. Chepang, Kulung, and Jingpho have velar stops, while several other languages (rGyalrong and the Burmish languages Achang, Bola, Lashi) have velar fricatives.
Many reflexes show a nasal prefix, which has perhaps developed due to rhinoglottophilia (Matisoff 1975).
There is also a related root #1716 PTB *ha‑y YAWN with initial h‑, demonstrating that these etyma are sound-symbolic.
Written Burmese sâm is of doubtful cognacy.
| rn | analysis | lgid | reflex | gloss | gfn | language | grpid | grpno | grp | genetic | citation | srcabbr | srcid | rn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5417 | 1715 | 134 | (m-)haːm| | yawn | v. | *Kuki-Naga-Chin | 3 | 1 | NE Indian Areal Group | 0 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 484 | 0 |
| 5418 | 1716,1715 | 134 | ha-haːm | yawn | v. | *Kuki-Naga-Chin | 3 | 1 | NE Indian Areal Group | 0 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 484 | 0 |
| 6929 | 1715 | 1054 | mhâm | yawn | Kaman [Miju] | 6 | 1.1.2 | Deng | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 981 | 0 | |
| 6930 | p,1715 | 1054 | tə́-mhâm | yawn | Kaman [Miju] | 6 | 1.1.2 | Deng | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 981 | 0 | |
| 500778 | 1715 | 1920 | haam | YAWN | *Chin | 8 | 1.2 | Kuki-Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 747 | 0 | |
| 445189 | 1715 | 1930 | ham | yawn | Paite | 68 | 1.2.1.1 | Northern Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 747 | 0 | |
| 445190 | 1715 | 1927 | hām suak hī | yawn | Sizang | 68 | 1.2.1.1 | Northern Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 747 | 0 | |
| 445188 | 1715 | 1925 | haːm³ > hap³ | yawn | Tiddim | 68 | 1.2.1.1 | Northern Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 747 | 0 | |
| 313798 | 1715 | 1778 | haːm³ > hap³ | yawn | v | Tiddim | 68 | 1.2.1.1 | Northern Chin | 1 | Bhaskararao 96 CDB | PB-CLDB | 422 | 0 |
| 170425 | 1715 | 1597 | haːm³/hap³ | yawn | Tiddim | 68 | 1.2.1.1 | Northern Chin | 1 | Bhaskararao 94 TCV | PB-TCV | 0 | ||
| 327665 | 1715 | 1794 | h̀aːm/ˍhap | yawn | v | Tiddim | 68 | 1.2.1.1 | Northern Chin | 1 | Henderson 65 TidC | EJAH-TC | 0 | |
| 445191 | 1715 | 1928 | m-|ham | yawn | Cho (Mindat) | 69 | 1.2.1.2 | Southern Plains Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 747 | 0 | |
| 445192 | 1715 | 1929 | p’háng | yawn | Khumi | 69 | 1.2.1.2 | Southern Plains Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 747 | 0 | |
| 445185 | m,1715 | 1947 | (hàa)-hǎam-INV | yawn | Lai (Hakha) | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 747 | 0 | |
| 445186 | m,1715 | 1923 | (hàʔ)-hàam-INV | yawn | Lai (Falam) | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 747 | 0 | |
| 5425 | 1715 | 975 | hàam | yawn | v. | Lushai [Mizo] | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 484 | 0 |
| 445187 | 1715 | 1924 | hàam-I, hâam-II | gap, to yawn | v | Lushai [Mizo] | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 747 | 0 |
| 131525 | 1715 | 805 | inhəm | yawn | v | Kom Rem | 72 | 1.2.4 | “Old Kuki” | 0 | Toba 91 KRQ | T-KomRQ | 3.7.16 | 0 |
| 150265 | 1715 | 1112 | ŋhám | yawn | v | Moyon | 72 | 1.2.4 | “Old Kuki” | 0 | Kosha 90 | DK-Moyon | 3.7.16 | 0 |
| 524150 | 1715 | 2030 | məhàm | yawn | v. | Sorbung | 72 | 1.2.4 | “Old Kuki” | 0 | Mortensen 11 Sorbung | MK-Sorbung | BodyParts.093 | 0 |
| 620464 | 1716,1715 | 2231 | ho³həm³- | yawn | v. | Lotha Naga | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Bruhn 14 PCN | DWB-PCN | III.017 | 0 |
| 316831 | 1716,1715 | 961 | hó◦hùm> | yawn | Lotha Naga | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Acharya 75 | ACH1975 | 0 | ||
| 5424 | 1716,1715 | 962 | ³ho³hɯm(ʔ) | yawn | v. | Lotha Naga | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 484 | 0 |
| 5423 | 1715 | 905 | hem | yawn | v. | Liangmei | 64 | 1.3.3 | Zeme Group | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 484 | 0 |
| 5422 | 1715 | 1346 | hæ̂m | yawn | v. | Rongmei / Nruanghmei | 64 | 1.3.3 | Zeme Group | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 484 | 0 |
| 529048 | 1715 | 2031 | ham | yawn | *Tangkhulic | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Mortensen 12 Tk | DRM-Tk | 619 | 0 | |
| 525277 | 1715 | 2023 | ham-mej-kʰe | yawn | Huishu | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Mortensen 12 Tk | DRM-Tk | BodyParts.070 | 0 | |
| 524852 | 1715,1716? | 2022 | ham-hwe | yawn | v. | Kachai | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Mortensen 12 Tk | DRM-Tk | BodyParts.078 | 0 |
| 620634 | 1715,m,m | 2024 | hõ-mə-ʃie | yawn | Tusom | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Mortensen 12 Tk | DRM-Tk | BodyParts.087 | 0 | |
| 2505 | 1716,1715 | 1187 | ³ha³hʌm | yawn | v. | Nocte | 84 | 1.7.2.1 | Tangsa-Nocte | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 74 | 0 |
| 6927 | 1716,1715 | 1187 | ³ha³hʌm | yawn | Nocte | 84 | 1.7.2.1 | Tangsa-Nocte | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 981 | 0 | |
| 5228 | 1716,1715,m | 1187 | ³ha³hʌm ³ri | yawn | v. | Nocte | 84 | 1.7.2.1 | Tangsa-Nocte | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 368 | 0 |
| 2504 | 1715,1716 | 1488 | ²ham²hai | yawn | v. | Tangsa | 84 | 1.7.2.1 | Tangsa-Nocte | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 74 | 0 |
| 6928 | 1715,1716 | 1488 | ²ham²hai | yawn | Tangsa | 84 | 1.7.2.1 | Tangsa-Nocte | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 981 | 0 | |
| 2503 | 1715 | 810 | hám | yawn | v. | Konyak (Tamlu) | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 74 | 0 |
| 488819 | p,1715,m | 1978 | ɛ³³hɛm³³ʃʌɯ³³ | yawn | Phom | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | Burling 98 Phom | BP-PPWL | 0 | ||
| 407914 | p,1715 | 1814 | kă³¹kham³¹ | yawn | v. | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1243.19 | 0 |
| 6926 | p,1715 | 667 | ¹gə¹ham | yawn | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 981 | 0 | |
| 126355 | 1716,1715 | 1455 | ¹ha-kam | yawn | v | Tamang (Risiangku) | 23 | 2.1.4 | Tamangish | 1 | Mazaudon 91 TamQ | MM-TamRisQ | 3.7.16 | 0 |
| 124145 | 1716,1715,s | 1464 | 'ha◦kʰam-pa | yawn | v. | Tamang (Sahu) | 23 | 2.1.4 | Tamangish | 1 | Taylor 72 TmVo | SIL-Sahu | 13.B.9 | 0 |
| 2509 | 1716,1715,m,m,m | 820 | ha◦kam◦a-mo◦ma | yawn | v. | Kulung | 76 | 2.3.2 | Southern Kiranti | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 74 | 0 |
| 61884 | 1716,1715,m | 822 | ha◦kam◦ma | yawn | Kulung | 76 | 2.3.2 | Southern Kiranti | 1 | Rai 75 Kul | RPHH-Kul | 0 | ||
| 49576 | 1716,1715,m | 1545 | ha◦kam◦a | yawn | Thulung | 30 | 2.3.4 | Western Kiranti | 1 | Allen 75 | NJA-Thulung | 0 | ||
| 479224 | 1715 | 1977 | kamh- | yawn | vi. | Chepang | 28 | 2.4 | Kham-Magar-Chepang | 1 | Caughley 00 Chepang | RC-DOC | 0 | |
| 64499 | 1715,m | 449 | kamʰ-sa | yawn | Chepang | 28 | 2.4 | Kham-Magar-Chepang | 1 | Caughley 72 CVoc | SIL-Chep | 2.B.2.9 | 0 | |
| 2502 | 1715 | 442 | kamʱ | yawn | v. | Chepang | 28 | 2.4 | Kham-Magar-Chepang | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 74 | 0 |
| 127914 | 1715,m | 452 | kamh◦naʔ | yawn | v | Chepang (Eastern) | 28 | 2.4 | Kham-Magar-Chepang | 1 | Caughley 90 CheQ | RC-ChepQ | 3.7.16 | 0 |
| 13978 | p,1715,m,m | 606 | ta hɛm ka◦pa | yawn | v. | rGyalrong | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Dai 89 Jiar | DQ-Jiarong | 3.7.16 | 0 |
| 130397 | m,273,1715 | 617 | to◦ka xam | yawn | v | rGyalrong (Northern) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Sun H 91 rNQ | SHK-rGNQ | 3.7.16 | 0 |
| 130719 | p,1715 | 618 | tə◦xam | yawn | v | rGyalrong (NW) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Sun H 91 rNW | SHK-rGNWQ | 3.7.16 | 0 |
| 130085 | p,1715 | 616 | tɐ◦xɐm | yawn | v | rGyalrong (Eastern) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Sun H 91 rEQ | SHK-rGEQ | 3.7.16 | 0 |
| 17528 | m,1715,1715 | 209 | it⁵⁵ xam³¹ xam³¹ | yawn | Achang (Xiandao) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Dai 89 Xian | DQ-Xiandao | 1723 | 0 | |
| 13274 | p,1715,1715 | 370 | a³¹ xam⁵¹ xam³¹ | yawn | Bola | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Dai 89 Bola | DQ-Bola | 1723 | 0 | |
| 439410 | 1715 | 406 | sâm | yawn | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Benedict 76 WBur | PKB-WBRD | 0 | ||
| 15501 | p,1715,1715 | 886 | a³¹ xam⁵⁵ xam⁵⁵ | yawn | v. | Lashi | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Dai 89 Lash | DQ-Lashi | 3.7.16 | 0 |
| 57667 | 1715 | 123 | kàn' | yawn | v. | *Karen (Pwo) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Jones 61 | RBJ-KLS | 649 | 0 |
| 57671 | 1715 | 125 | kɔ́ | yawn | v. | *Karen (Sgaw) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Jones 61 | RBJ-KLS | 649 | 0 |
| 6919 | m,1715 | 1234 | tə́ʔ-hàm | yawn | Pa-O | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 981 | 0 | |
| 57666 | m,1715 | 1242 | tə́ʔ◦hàm | yawn | v. | Pa-O | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Jones 61 | RBJ-KLS | 649 | 0 |
| 6921 | 1715 | 1268 | kán | yawn | Pwo (Bassein) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 981 | 0 | |
| 57669 | 1715 | 1272 | kán | yawn | v. | Pwo (Bassein) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Jones 61 | RBJ-KLS | 649 | 0 |
| 6920 | 1715 | 1274 | kan | yawn | Pwo (Moulmein) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 981 | 0 | |
| 57668 | 1715 | 1279 | kan | yawn | v. | Pwo (Moulmein) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Jones 61 | RBJ-KLS | 649 | 0 |
欠 OC *k’i̯ɑ̆m, GSR #624a ‘yawn’; Schuessler 2007:426 *khams; B & S 2011: *bkʰom‑s {[k]ʰ(r)om‑s}; Mand. qiàn.