9.0 Shape, Size, Color, Measure, Number, Time, Space > 9.4 Colors

#2483 PTB *s-nak BLACK

Reconstructed mesoroots below:

The *s‑ prefix is reconstructed for this etymon on the basis of forms like Written Tibetan snag and Written Burmese hmaŋ ‘ink’, as well as on the basis of the high stopped tone in Loloish. The Mpi form naŋʔ³ indirectly reflects this prefix by a sort of “rhinoglottal transfer” that occurs when a complex nasal (either with the *s‑ or the *ʔ‑ prefix) is the onset of a syllable with the *‑ak rhyme: the original final stop was replaced by a vowel quality including both a nasal and a laryngeal component. There are no fewer than nine examples, see JAM (1978:22-23).

A similar root, PTB *s‑maŋ*s‑mak BLACK / DARK / INK, is reconstructed with an initial labial nasal. This may well be the original form of the etymon (there are excellent Chinese comparanda with a labial nasal), with the dental nasal a plausible outcome from the combination of the *s‑ prefix and a labial nasal.

rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
51551024832012s-|nakblack / ink / deep*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB6030
607132483181s-|nakblack*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB500
151386m,m,m,2483498kaʔ-ji (ɕi-nak)blackDamu741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
50083424831920nakBLACK*Chin81.2Kuki-Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC8030
44551224831948blackAsho691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC8030
4455112483,24831947nak-|I, naʔ-|IIblackbe v.Lai (Hakha)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC8030
619397p,24832229a-njakBLACKbe v.*Central Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Bruhn 14 PCNDWB-PCNIII.2380
619013p,24832228a-nakBLACKbe v.*Ao631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Bruhn 14 PCNDWB-PCNII.2400
619570p,24832226a³-nak¹blackbe v.Ao (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Bruhn 14 PCNDWB-PCNII.2400
255343m,2483270meja◦nakant (black)Ao (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
255100p,2483270ta◦nakblackAo (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
255101p,2483273te◦nakblackAo (Mongsen: Longchang)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
239765p,2483,m273tü◦nak◦rhamdarkAo (Mongsen: Longchang)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
450401p,24831963(NZP-) nákblackbe v.Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Coupe 07 AoARC-GMA0
450404p,2483,m1963(NZP-) nák-ɹəmbrown ('be black' + 'be red')be v.Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Coupe 07 AoARC-GMA0
62022624832231njək²-blackbe v.Lotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Bruhn 14 PCNDWB-PCNIII.2380
617105p,2483,s2220e◦nyik◦vüblackLotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Murry 78LLC-ALV100
2551072483,s963nyik◦ablackLotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
3164402483,s961n̯īk◦àblackLotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Acharya 75ACH19750
3168772483,s961n̯īk◦àblackLotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Acharya 75ACH19750
255350m,p,2483,s963tsamphiro-e◦nyik◦oant (black)Lotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
255120p,24831364a◦nyablackSangtam631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
618107p,24832205a◦nyakblackSangtam631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Kumar 73 SangBBK-Sangtam0
2551262483,m1640nyak◦lablackYacham-Tengsa631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2397892483,m1640nyak◦patladarkYacham-Tengsa631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
618341p,24832206a◦mürakblackYimchungrü631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Kumar 73 YimBBK-Yim900
61851224832206mürakblackYimchungrü631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Kumar 73 YimBBK-Yim340
2551272483,m1672murak◦üblackYimchungrü631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
474930m,24831973ma◦nak-darkadj1Atong821.7.1.3Koch1van Breugel 08 AtongSVB-GA0
47514224831973nak-blackadj1Atong821.7.1.3Koch1van Breugel 08 AtongSVB-GA0
475467m,24831973pi◦nakblackadj2Atong821.7.1.3Koch1van Breugel 08 AtongSVB-GA0
785472483161C̥-|ɲakblack*Northern Naga121.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1French 83WTF-PNN4590
255113p,24831188a◦nyakblackNocte841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
239775m,24831188rang◦ngyakdarkNocte841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
255123p,24831489a◦nyakblackTangsa (Moshang)841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
255124p,24831490a◦nyakblackTangsa (Yogli)841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2397662483,m429nak◦tübüdarkChang851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2551022483,m429nak◦übüblackChang851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2551052483,m807nyak◦bublackKonyak851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
4884672483,m1978ñak³³læ⁵⁵blackPhom851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Burling 98 PhomBP-PPWL0
2551162483,m1281nyak◦püblackPhom851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
239779m,24831281vang◦nyakdarkPhom851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
488468m,24831978ʒaŋ⁵⁵ñak³³dark (?+'black')Phom851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Burling 98 PhomBP-PPWL0
488444m,24831978ʒaŋ⁵⁵ñak³³night (?+'dark')Phom851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Burling 98 PhomBP-PPWL0
2567242805,24831628cha◦nakleopardWancho851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
7816039,24831632mai nakape, monkeyWancho851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1French 83WTF-PNN5210
25686539,24831628mai◦nakmonkey (generic)Wancho851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
7816139,24831632me nakmonkeyWancho851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1French 83WTF-PNN5210
23978624831628nakdarkWancho851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
255125m,24831628nu◦nakblackWancho851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
239787m,24831628rang◦nakdarkWancho851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
3967822483,m1848nok koblackTibetan (Alike)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.050
2228772483,m1550hnak kwoblackTibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.40
222520m,24831550mə nakdarkTibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.40
222496m,24831585mə nakdarkTibetan (Amdo:Zeku)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.50
2228532483,m1585nak kwoblackTibetan (Amdo:Zeku)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.50
358722483,s1584næg-woblackTibetan (Amdo:Zeku)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 AmdoJS-Amdo740
2918272483,s1586nʌq◦po·blackTibetan (Balti)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Rangan 75RAN1975750
2694492483,s701nāk◦poblackTibetan (Jirel)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0910
2224952483,s1380naʔ³¹po⁵³darkTibetan (Khams:Dege)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.30
3967792483,m1815na¹³ko⁵⁵blackTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.020
2228762483,m1557naʔ¹³ko⁵³blackTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.20
2225192483,m1557naʔ¹³kuŋ⁵⁵darkTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.20
3971822483,m1815nə¹³khuŋ⁵⁵darkTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1013.020
2617672483,m1402'nak◦dumiqdarkadjTibetan (Sherpa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN12b.340
2694502483,s1402nak◦publackTibetan (Sherpa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0910
689152483,s1427nak◦poblackTibetan (Spiti)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sharma, S.R. 79 SpSRS-PSS0
397181522,24831804mun nagdarkTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1013.010
2224942483,m1582nag khuŋdarkTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.10
3967782483,s1804nag poblackTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.010
2228512483,s1582nag poblackTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.10
3041152483,s1578nag-pablackTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Benedict 72 STCSTC102n2900
311022483,s1572nag-poblackTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 83 TILJAM-TIL370
589952483,s1577nag-poblackTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB500
376562483,s1575nag.poblackTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 TbGlJS-Tib740
2551372483,s1564nag◦poblackTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
200102483,s1561nɑg-poblackTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Chou 72ACST904a-b0
352893615,24831804rŋul nagsweatnbpTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0154.010
194087615,24831582rŋul nagsweat ("black sweat")Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC277.10
2329422483,m1567ɣnɑg-pʻyúgscattle (black) / esp. yakTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
3971842483,m1837naχ dəpdarkTibetan (Xiahe)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1013.040
3967812483,m1837naχ kwoblackTibetan (Xiahe)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.040
505609m,24831988ʔá◦nókblackadj.Lepcha212.1.3Lepcha1Plaisier 07 LepchaHP-GL0
477827m,24831975mak◦nablackAthpare (Rai)312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Ebert 97 AthpareKE-GA0
46818424831970nja̱darkTangut [Xixia]333.1Tangut1Li 97 TangutLFW199701760
1864192805,2483561ndzɿ³³nuɑ⁵⁵leopardErsu343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC126.180
2228842483561nuɑ⁵⁵blackErsu343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.180
4275792473,24831811mɔ̃³¹ȵi³⁵dark, getv.Guiqiong343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1672.160
2228582483,m,m595ȵi³³qɑ³³ʐɑ³³blackGuiqiong343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.170
3967932483,m,m1811ȵi³⁵ka³³ʐa³³blackGuiqiong343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.160
3971922483,m,m1811ȵi³⁵kuɔ⁵⁵ʐɔ³³darkGuiqiong343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1013.160
2225012483,m,m595ȵi⁵⁵qo⁵⁵lo⁵⁵darkGuiqiong343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.170
396795m,24831813de³³nua⁵³blackLyuzu343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.180
362085m,24831813kɯ³³nua⁵³kite (black-eared) / hawknLyuzu343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0328.180
3967922483,24831810ȵi⁵⁵ȵi³³blackMuya343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.150
2228572483,24831136ȵi⁵⁵ȵi³³blackMuya [Minyak]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.150
2225002483,m,m1136ȵɛ⁵⁵qo³³qo³³darkMuya [Minyak]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.150
2225022483,m,2483,m1147na³³hũ³⁵na³³hũ³⁵darkNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.190
2228592483,m1147nɛ⁵⁵nqhɛʴ⁵⁵blackNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.190
3972212483,m,2483,m1844na³¹hũ⁵⁵na³¹hũ³¹darkNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1013.460
3968232483,m1844næ⁵⁵nqhæ⁵³blackNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.460
427607m,2483,m1844tɕhi³¹na⁵⁵hũ⁵³dark, getv.Namuyi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1672.460
39678624831853ȵɑ¹³blackPumi (Lanping)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.090
3971872483,m1853ȵɑ¹³dʒõ⁵⁵darkPumi (Lanping)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1013.090
22285624831306ȵɑ¹³blackPumi (Qinghua)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.110
2224992483,m1306ȵɑ¹³dʒõ⁵⁵darkPumi (Qinghua)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.110
2225232483,m,m1309ȵa³⁵ka⁵⁵mə⁵³darkPumi (Taoba)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.100
2228802483,m1309ȵɛ³⁵mə⁵³blackPumi (Taoba)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.100
337052483,24831315ñi ~ nə|blackQiang (ChiuTzuYing)343.2Qiangic1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR1420
507236m,24831996bù ȵìfly (ȵì='black'?)n.Qiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang4420
507440m,m,24831996də̀ pié ȵíblack soybeanQiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang5540
5097012483,m,m1996ní-tshɨ̀ tshɨ̀pitch dark [black-m]Qiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang16000
50935424831996ȵíblackQiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang14520
5094142483,24831996ȵí ~ ȵìheavy (of color) (=black)Qiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang14780
506414m,24831996χə̀-ȵícoal [earth-black]Qiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang680
2225222473,24831320mu◦ȵidarkQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.80
5899924831318ńiqblackQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB500
22287924831320ȵiqblackQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.80
3968282483,m1852ȵɪ xə̥ʴblack (of faces)Qiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.080
39678524831852ȵɪχblackQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.080
507439b?,2483,m1997deì-nə̀-kíblack soybean [bean-black-NOM]Qiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang5540
50935524831997nə̀blackQiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang14520
5071982483,m1997nə̀-ŋácrow [black-m]Qiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang4180
509899p,24831997ɦá nə̌darken [p,black]Qiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang16740
2228552483,24831323ȵi⁵⁵ȵi³¹blackQiang (Taoping)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.90
2225262483,24831699ȵe³³ȵe⁵⁵darkQueyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.160
3967902483,24831808ȵe⁵⁵ȵe³³blackQueyu (Xinlong)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.130
2228832483,24831699ȵe⁵⁵ȵe⁵⁵blackQueyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.160
3967912483,24831809na⁵⁵na⁵⁵blackZhaba (Daofu County)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.140
396829m,24831807ga ȵablackDaofu353.3rGyalrongic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.120
397225m,24831807gɛ ʁnɛdarkDaofu353.3rGyalrongic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1013.120
4275752473,m,24831807mə gə ʁnɛdark, getv.Daofu353.3rGyalrongic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1672.120
3967892483,24831807ȵa ȵablackDaofu353.3rGyalrongic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.120
2228822483,2483557ȵa ȵablackErgong (Danba)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.140
2225252483,2483557ɦnɛ ɦnɛdarkErgong (Danba)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.140
3971892483,24831807ʁnɛ ʁnɛdarkDaofu353.3rGyalrongic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1013.120
58580324832204xnisdarkLavrung (Maerkang Muerzong)353.3rGyalrongic1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
58539324832203ʁnîdarkLavrung (Jinchuan Guaninqiao)353.3rGyalrongic1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
556140p,24832141'kə◦rȵəpdarkrGyalrong (Heishui Shashiduo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
56080024832150'rnəksdarkrGyalrong (Jinchuan Jimu Zhouchan)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
579029m,24832188'rə◦ɣnidarkrGyalrong (Rangtang Puxi siyaowucun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
5540762483,m2136'xȵa◦'rodarkrGyalrong (Ganzi Daofu Jiasikong kharjiacun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
557780p,24832145də³rnəʔs¹darkrGyalrong (Jinchuan Cengda)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
558179p,24832146də³◦nak̚⁵darkrGyalrong (Jinchuan Dusong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
549154p,24832121də◦'nɑk̚darkrGyalrong (Baoxing Qiaoqi Yuojie)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
581087p,24832193də◦'nɑk̚darkrGyalrong (Xiaojin Dawei)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
581500p,24832194də◦'nɑk̚darkrGyalrong (Xiaojin Fubian)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
583977p,2483,m2200də◦nak̚'perperdarkrGyalrong (Xiaojin Zhailong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
558899m,2483,m2147də◦ɦnɛ◦dədarkrGyalrong (Jinchuan Erkai)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
553663m,24832135ji◦'nak̚sdarkrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Taipingqiao)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
552414p,24832132ka◦'xnadarkrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Dandong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
574912p,24832180ka◦'ȵedarkrGyalrong (Maerkang Kangshan)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
554486p,24832137ke◦'ɣnadarkrGyalrong (Ganzi Daofu Kongse Xiaoguoqiaocun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
562865p,24832155ko◦'rnəʔk̚darkrGyalrong (Jinchuan Sawajiao)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
565713m,24832162kwa◦'rnəsdarkrGyalrong (Lixian Putou)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
563674m,24832157kwe³rnəs⁵darkrGyalrong (Jinchuan Wanlin Xilizhai)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
608251p,24832170kǝ22 rɲip44darkrGyalrong (Maerkang Bola (B))783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
396788m,24831806kə nɐkblackrGyalrong (Maerkang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.110
222524m,24831340kə nɐkdarkrGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.120
427574p,24831806kə rȵəpdark, getv.rGyalrong (Maerkang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1672.110
586692p,24832166kə-rȵudarkrGyalrong (Lixian Xuecheng Jiamizhai)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
577053p,24832184kə-rȵəpdarkrGyalrong (Maerkang Soman)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
330068m,24831797kə-ɲablackCaodeng783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun J 97 CaoJS-Caodeng0
569915p,24832169kə22 rȵep42darkrGyalrong (Maerkang Bola (A))783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
608958p,24832171kə22 rȵep44darkrGyalrong (Maerkang Bola (C))783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
548732p,24832120kə22◦nak44darkrGyalrong (Baoxing Qiaoqi Leilecun Duoguozu)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
550739p,24832124kə5◦'rnəs53darkrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Badi)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
562040p,24832153kə³rnəs³darkrGyalrong (Jinchuan Manai Genza)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
560382p,24832149kə³rnəs⁵darkrGyalrong (Jinchuan Hedong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
572714p,24832175kə◦'nak̚darkrGyalrong (Maerkang Dazang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
582329p,24832196kə◦'nak̚darkrGyalrong (Xiaojin Jiesi)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
581913p,24832195kə◦'nɑk̚sdarkrGyalrong (Xiaojin Hanniu)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
561628p,24832152kə◦'rnasdarkrGyalrong (Jinchuan Maerbang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
572297p,24832174kə◦'rnisdarkrGyalrong (Maerkang Dangba Geerda)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
561216p,24832151kə◦'rnədarkrGyalrong (Jinchuan Kalajiao)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
566946p,24832165kə◦'rnəkdarkrGyalrong (Lixian Xinglong Kechun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
562455p,24832154kə◦'rnəsdarkrGyalrong (Jinchuan Maori Maori)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
551171p,24832125kə◦'rəʔkdarkrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Banshanmen)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
556960p,24832143kə◦'rȵipsdarkrGyalrong (Hongyuan Rangkou Jiadang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
567352p,24832167kə◦'rȵisdarkrGyalrong (Maerkang Baiwan Muerji)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
557373p,24832144kə◦'rȵək̚darkrGyalrong (Hongyuan Shuajinsi Selong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
564882p,24832160kə◦'rȵək̚sdarkrGyalrong (Lixian Jiabi)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
556552p,24832142kə◦'rȵəpdarkrGyalrong (Heishui Shashiduo Muchang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
576151p,24832183kə◦'rȵəpsdarkrGyalrong (Maerkang Soman Seermi)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
567770p,24832168kə◦'rȵəp̚darkrGyalrong (Maerkang Benzhen Yingbolo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
578215p,24832186kə◦'rȵəp̚darkrGyalrong (Maerkang Zhuokeji Xisuo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
577796p,24832185kə◦'rȵət̪sdarkrGyalrong (Maerkang Songgang Zhibo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
574496p,24832178kə◦'rȵəʔdarkrGyalrong (Maerkang Jiamuzu Konglong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
555309p,24832139kə◦'ȵadarkrGyalrong (Ganzi Seda Geletuo Naoluocun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
564473p,m,24832159kə◦kə◦'rȵəksdarkrGyalrong (Lixian Guergou)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
573129p,m,24832176kə◦qa◦'nak̚darkrGyalrong (Maerkang Japhug Shaerzong (A))783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
565298p,24832161kə◦rȵək̚sdarkrGyalrong (Lixian Miyalo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
583151p,24832198kɪ◦ˈnək̚darkrGyalrong (Xiaojin Rilong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
330459m,24831797mə-naʔdarkCaodeng783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun J 97 CaoJS-Caodeng0
566540m,24832164na³rȵə⁵darkrGyalrong (Lixian Xiameng Xiaogoucun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
583563m,m,24832199ngən◦'də◦nɑk̚darkrGyalrong (Xiaojin Xingge)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
580671m,m,24832192ngən◦də◦'nak̚darkrGyalrong (Xiaojin Bajiao)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
582745m,m,24832197ngən◦də◦'nak̚darkrGyalrong (Xiaojin Mupo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
555726m,24832140nə◦'rȵədarkrGyalrong (Heishui Luhua)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
538284m,24832104nə◦'ȵak̚darkrGyalrong (Aba Kehe Shuiricun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
579850m,24832190nə◦ʁa'nidarkrGyalrong (Rangtang Shili Erguowucun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
57944324832189darkrGyalrong (Rangtang Puxicun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
2228812483,m1340snɐk tsɐblackrGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.120
3303465656,p,24831797zndimʔ kə-ɲacloud (black)Caodeng783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun J 97 CaoJS-Caodeng0
55982424832148ʁnîdarkrGyalrong (Jinchuan Guaninqiao Wobzi)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
549756p,24832122ˊkə rnəsdarkrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Badi Munashan)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
329716m,24831796kA nakblackrGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 97 GyQGyarong.Nag1700
329764p,24831796ku rnyusdarkrGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 97 GyQGyarong.Nag1.60
551997p,2483,m2131kə◦'ʁnas◦idarkrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Bianer)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD13100
332608m,24831799kə-nɐkblackrGBenzhen783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun J 97 rGBJS-rGBenzhe0
332827m,24831799kə-nɐkdarkrGBenzhen783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun J 97 rGBJS-rGBenzhe0
5899724831203naʔblackAnong384Nungic1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB500
5024622483,m1982nɑʔ wɛ³³blackRawang384Nungic1LaPolla 03RJL-Rawang10290
714482624,2624,24831205rim-rim nagreyAnong384Nungic1Benedict 72 STCSTC4010
39679724831816nɑʔ⁵⁵blackDulong384Nungic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.200
2228982483537nɑʔ⁵⁵blackTrung [Dulong]384Nungic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.460
589932483539naʔ⁵⁵blackTrung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)384Nungic1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB500
589942483541naʔ⁵⁵blackTrung [Dulong] (Nujiang)384Nungic1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB500
2996742483540nɑʔ⁵⁵blackTrung [Dulong] (Nujiang)384Nungic1Sun H 82 DulJZ-Dulong0
1679072483146(s-)|nakblack*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR1420
51551124832011s-|nakᴴblack*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB6030
309072483143s-|nakᴴblack*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 78 MLBMJAM-MLBM790
590012483203na³¹blackAchang (Lianghe)446.1.1Burmish1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB500
288318p,2483201ɑ³¹nɑ³¹blackAchang (Lianghe)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
2874942483207na⁵¹blackAchang (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
590002483208na⁵¹blackAchang (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB500
39680624831825nɔʔ⁵⁵blackAchang (Xiandao)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.290
4275902483,m1825ɲɔʔ⁵⁵ chot⁵⁵dark, getv.Achang (Xiandao)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1672.290
39680924831829naʔ³¹blackBola (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.320
39720824831829naʔ³¹darkBola (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1013.320
39680424831823nɛʔ⁴blackBurmese (Rangoon)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.270
22289524831428nɛʔ⁴⁴blackBurmese (Spoken Rangoon)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.400
2551302483392nakblackBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
1344102483394nakblackBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4600
307682483399nakblackBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 78 MLBMJAM-MLBM790
310992483400nakblackBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 83 TILJAM-TIL370
4372412483406nakdark, of black colorBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 76 WBurPKB-WBRD0
3039802483409nakblackBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 72 STCSTC87n2560
589962483407naʔblackBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB500
2228692483411nɑkblackBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.390
39680324831822nɑk⁴blackBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.260
437242p,2483406ə-nakdark, blackBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 76 WBurPKB-WBRD0
233627m,2483653kă◦nᴜ̀ʔblackHpun (Northern)446.1.1Burmish1Henderson 86 HpunEJAH-Hpun0
39680824831828nɔʔ³¹blackLangsu (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.310
39720724831828nɔʔ³¹darkLangsu (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1013.310
39681024831830nɔːʔ³¹blackLeqi (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.330
22251424831034nɔʔ³¹darkMaru [Langsu]446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.430
22287124831034nɔʔ³¹blackMaru [Langsu]446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.430
39680724831827noʔ²¹blackAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.300
39720624831827noʔ²¹darkAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1013.300
22253924831693noʔ²¹darkAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.420
22289624831693noʔ²¹blackAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.420
119142483152C-|nakᴴblack*Loloish456.1.2Loloish1Bradley 79 PLoDB-PLolo5030
1344092483153C-|nakᴴblack*Loloish456.1.2Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4600
31152324831790s-|nakᴴblackPNL456.1.2Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS66.0
1422162483586na⁵³blackGazhuo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Dai 91 TB15DHFRL0
39682424831845na⁵³blackGazhuo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.470
4276082483,m1845na⁵³wa³³dark, getv.Gazhuo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1672.470
2919952483879niqblackLalo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Björverud 94SB-Lalo0
31233524831781ni̱³³blackLalo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS66.0
31253824831782ne̱³³blackLipho466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS66.0
337022483972na 22s|blackLuquan466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR1420
3370324831152na 32s|blackNasu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR1420
31274124831783na̱²blackNasu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS66.0
31294424831791na³³blackNeisu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS66.0
31213224831163ne̱³³blackNesu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS66.0
31314724831785no̱⁴blackNosu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS66.0
39681124831831na̱⁵³blackNusu (Central)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.340
33652024831220nɔ̱⁵³blackNusu (Southern)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun J 86 NusuJZ-Nusu0
2228722483,24831215nɑ³⁵nɑ⁵³blackNusu (Bijiang)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.450
33562024831219nɑ̱³¹blackNusu (Northern)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun J 86 NusuJZ-Nusu0
22288624831658na³³blackYi (Dafang)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.220
459428p,24831962a³⁴nɔ³³black; serious (crime)Yi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
46293524831962nɔ³³Yi, BlackYi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
46293224831962nɔ³³blackYi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
4629362483,m1962nɔ³³bu³³black, shinyYi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
4629372483,m1962nɔ³³bu̱³³black, mottledYi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
4629412483,m1962nɔ³³da³³black (hair)Yi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
4629422483,m,m1962nɔ³³go²¹ɕɛ³³dark and empty (house)Yi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
4629472483,m1962nɔ³³mu⁵⁵deep and dark (of water)Yi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
4629432483,m1962nɔ³³xo²¹aristocrat (Nuosu caste); Black Nuosu Yi; caste, Nuosu aristocrat; Nuosu aristocrat casteYi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
4629542483,m1962nɔ³³ʣɿ⁵⁵dark (without light)Yi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
4629402483,m1962nɔ³³ʦhɿ²¹black, deepYi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
4629452483,m1962nɔ³³ʨɔ³³black (mass of animals or land)Yi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
4629462483,m1962nɔ³³ʨɿ³³black (lacquer)Yi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
462859m,24831962nʥɿ³⁴nɔ³³skin, darkYi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
463978m,24831962sɔ³³nɔ³³gray, darkYi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
462254m,24831962ŋgɯ²¹nɔ³³birch, blackYi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
463777m,24831962ʂɿ³³nɔ³³cape, black feltYi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
222862p,24831662(ᴀ³³)ne̱³³blackYi (Mile)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.250
2225052483,m,m1662ne̱³³dɯ²¹mo³³darkYi (Mile)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.250
22288824831663ne̱³³blackYi (Mojiang)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.260
2225312483,m,m1663ne̱³³bɯ²¹bɯ²¹darkYi (Mojiang)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.260
39681424831834ne̱³³blackYi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.370
22288724831664ne̱³³blackYi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.240
3972122483,m1834ne̱³³mɑ²¹darkYi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1013.370
2225302483,m1664ne̱³³mᴀ²¹darkYi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.240
22286124831666ni̱³³blackYi (Nanjian)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.230
39681324831833nɪ̱³³blackYi (Weishan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.360
39681524831835nɑ̱²blackYi (Wuding)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.380
3972132483,m1835nɑ̱³³dɯ³³darkYi (Wuding)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1013.380
222860p,24831670a⁴⁴nɔ³³blackYi (Xide)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.210
3972102483,m1832nɔ³³dzɿ⁵⁵darkYi (Xide)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1013.350
2225032483,m1670nɔ³³dzɿ⁵⁵darkYi (Xide)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.210
396812p,24831832ɑ³⁴nɔ³³blackYi (Xide)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.350
31192924831780ne̱³³blackAhi476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS66.0
336942483214nie 44|blackAhi476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR1420
222535p,2483,m696a³³na³¹ti³³darkJinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.340
222892p,2483696a³³na⁴²blackJinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.340
396821p,24831842a⁴⁴na⁴²blackJinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.440
39721924831842na⁴²darkJinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1013.440
3014892483,m700nɑ⁴²tɤ⁴²darkJinuo (Youle)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Gai 86JZ-Jinuo0
301496p,2483,m700ɑ⁴⁴nɑ⁴²lɑ⁴²blackJinuo (Youle)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Gai 86JZ-Jinuo0
47693824831969na33blackKucong476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Dai 09 KucongDC-Kucong0
589982483843nâʔblackLahu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB500
427604m,2483,m1841mu⁵³nɑ⁵⁴ŋo²¹dark, getv.Lahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1672.430
39682024831841nɑ⁵⁴blackLahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.430
3972182483,m1841nɑ⁵⁴xo²¹darkLahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1013.430
307672483835nâʔblackLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 78 MLBMJAM-MLBM790
336912483839nâʔblackLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR1420
2228662483851nᴀ⁵⁴blackLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.330
2225092483,m851nᴀ⁵⁴xo²¹darkLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.330
3027562483856na⁶blackLahu (Yellow)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Chang 86JZ-Lahu0
2727252187,2483946bja²¹næ³³wood bee (lit. black bee)Lisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
272800m,m,2483946bɔʔ²¹lɔ³³næ³³black antLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
272583m,2483946bɤ³³næ³³black sunLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
273676m,2483946dɔʔ²¹næ³³black kusnezoff monkshoodLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
275987m,2483,m946hwa²¹næ³³ʃɿ²¹Black raceLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2756852652,2483946hɤ³³næ³³black louseLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
274388m,m,2483946ji⁵⁵ma³³næ³³coarse wool (lit. 'black-seed')NLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
274438m,2483946ji⁵⁵næ³³blackVLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
274439m,2483,m,m946ji⁵⁵næ³³ ji⁵⁵kɔ³⁵rather darkLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2766011764,2483946khɤ²¹næ³³black dogLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2771043318,2483946la²¹næ³³black oxLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
276853m,2483946la³³næ³³black dogLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
277268m,m,m,2483946li³³ti³³ ma³³næ³³black beadLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
278154m,m,2483946mi²¹hĩ³³næ³³black windLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
278023m,2483946mja³³næ³³black pupilLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2782852473,m,2483946mu³³ku⁵⁵næ³³dark cloud; black cloudLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2782411431,2483946mɔ²¹næ³³black horseLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
277939m,m,m,m,2483946mɤ²¹thæ³³ hæ̃³⁵phɤ²¹næ³³black mouseLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
277830m,2483946mɤ³³næ³³black clothLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2778611288,2483946mɤ⁵⁵næ³³black tailLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
336992483930ná3blackLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR1420
2848422483943ná³blackLisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
2850872483,m,m943ná³ htsi³ lye³darkv.Lisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
278461m,2483946na⁵⁵næ³³black long-grain riceLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2783912483946næ³³black, dark colourVLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2783982483,m,2483,m946næ³³dɤʔ²¹ næ³³hɤ⁵⁵pitch darkLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2783962483,m,m946næ³³dɤʔ²¹dɤʔ²¹jet black; shining brightLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2783972483,m,m946næ³³dɤʔ²¹le³³blackLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2783992483,m946næ³³le³³dirty; blackLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2784022483,2483,m,m946næ³³næ³³ kɔ³³kɔ³³black and hardLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2784032483,2483,m946næ³³næ³³mu³³shiny blackLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2783932483,m946næ³³tshi⁵⁵dark; pitch darkLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2783942483,m,m,m946næ³³tshi⁵⁵ ma³³kwa³³in the darkLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2783952483,m,2483,m946næ³³tshi⁵⁵ næ³³thɔ²¹pitch darkLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
278575m,2483946nø⁵⁵næ³³black soil; mellow soilLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
39681724831838nɛ̱³³blackLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.400
2228632483942nɛ⁴⁴blackLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.270
2225062483,m942nɛ⁴⁴tshɿ³⁵darkLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.270
280271m,m,2483946sa³³sɔ³³næ³³black clothLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
280601230,2483946si²¹næ³³purple bloodLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
280617m,2483946si²¹næ³³dark red, vermillionLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
280602230,2483,m946si²¹næ³³lu⁵⁵red blood cellLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2730322729,2483946tsha²¹næ³³black salt (cf. tsha²¹dʑæʔ²¹)Lisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
273341m,2483946tshɔ³³næ³³black peopleLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2731371226,2483946tʃhɿʔ²¹næ³³black goatLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
276172m,2483946tɕi⁵⁵næ³³black lacquer oilLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2812501006,2483946væʔ²¹næ³³black pigLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
279344m,m,2483946ɔʔ²¹ma⁴⁴næ³³black phyllostachys sulphureaLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
282828m,m,2483944ɔʔ²¹tɕø³⁵næ³³black threadLisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
279380m,m,2483946ɔʔ²¹tɕɤ³⁵næ³³black threadLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2739841606,m,2483946ɣa³³hwa²¹næ³³black-boned chickenLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2747252777,2483946ɣɔ⁴⁴næ³³black bearLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
278843m,2483946ɲa³⁵næ³³black tit (living on high mountains)Lisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
3369624831368ne 44|blackSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR1420
31172624831786ne⁴⁴blackSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS66.0
39681624831836ne⁴⁴blackYi (Sani)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.390
3972142483,m1836ne⁴⁴bɤ¹¹darkYi (Sani)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1013.390
137333p,2483244jɔ naqblackAkha (Yunnan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4600
30398124831717nạblackAkha486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Benedict 72 STCSTC87n2560
336932483234na HS|blackAkha486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR1420
1344112483228naqblackAkha486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4600
1373322483243naqblackAkha (Thai)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4600
1378672483,m,m243naq tjɔ̀q ivery blackAkha (Thai)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL5460
1378682483,m,m244naq xhə̀ nivery blackAkha (Yunnan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL5460
336982483631na 33c|blackHani (Hu T’an)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR1420
336972483632na 55|blackHani (Kao Hua-Nien)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR1420
1373352483,m633ná tjòqblackHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4600
1378702483,m,m633ná tjòq nɛ̀very blackHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL5460
2225082483510na̱³³darkHani (Dazhai)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.310
2228652483510na̱³³blackHani (Dazhai)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.310
39681824831839na̱³³blackHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.410
3972162483,m,m1839na̱³³xɔ³¹ne³³darkHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1013.410
137337p,24831299à nablackHani (Pijo)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4600
13441424831299nablackHani (Pijo)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4600
1378722483,m,m,m1299ná sý thú tivery blackHani (Pijo)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL5460
2225332483418na̱³³darkHani (Caiyuan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.300
2228902483418na̱³³blackHani (Caiyuan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.300
3005592483630na̱³³blackHani (Gelanghe)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Li Yongsui 86 HaniJZ-Hani0
1373342483,m635nav◦jovqneiblackHani (Wordlist)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4600
1378692483,m635nav◦jovqneivery blackHani (Wordlist)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL5460
22289124831416na³³blackHani (Shuikui)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.320
2225342483,m1416na³³xu³¹darkHani (Shuikui)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.320
137336p,2483784à nablackHani (Khatu)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4600
1344132483784nablackHani (Khatu)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4600
1378712483,m,m784ná jɔ jɔ̀very blackHani (Khatu)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL5460
39681924831840na³³blackHani (Mojiang)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.420
3972172483,m1840na³³xu³¹darkHani (Mojiang)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1013.420
13441524831115naŋʔ³blackMpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4600
3076624831117naŋʔ³blackMpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Matisoff 78 MLBMJAM-MLBM790
43545624831120naŋʔ³blackMpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Srinuan 76SD-MPD0
3370124831635na 45|blackWoni486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR1420
53276324832062nja³¹blackPhu Kha756.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish1Fried 00 PhuKhaRF-PK0
5174412473,24831999mu˧nɑ˧˥dark: the sky is darkLaze (Xiangjiao)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze133650
5169972483,m,m1999nɑ˥fv˥fv˥dark (weather, a room is dark)Laze (Xiangjiao)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze120340
51698824831999nɑ˧˥blackLaze (Xiangjiao)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze120110
3370424831109na 11|blackMoso436.2Naxi1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR1420
512951m,2483,m1998gi˧nɑ˧mi#˥bearNa (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze10
512952m,2483,m,m1998gi˧nɑ˧mi˧zo˧black bearNa (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze10
5135542483,m,m1998næ˩qʰæ˧ʈʂʰe˩blackNa (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze10
51354324831998nɑ˩blackNa (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze10
514256m,m,2483,m1998tsʰi˧zi˧nɑ˩hĩ˩˧black barleyNa (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze10
39682224831843nɑ²¹blackNaxi436.2Naxi1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.450
3972202483,m1843nɑ²¹fv̩⁵⁵darkNaxi436.2Naxi1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1013.450
4276062483,m1843nɑ²¹fv̩⁵⁵dark, getv.Naxi436.2Naxi1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1672.450
2228892483908nɑ³¹blackNaxi (Lijiang)436.2Naxi1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.280
2225322483,m908nɑ³¹fv⁵⁵darkNaxi (Lijiang)436.2Naxi1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.280
22250724831676nɑ¹³darkNaxi (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC834.290
22286424831676nɑ¹³blackNaxi (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.290
185583m,24831676ʑi³³nɑ⁵⁵black bovineNaxi (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC110.290

Chinese comparandum

Comment: Cf. comparanda and discussion under #6130 PTB *s‑ma(ŋ/k) BLACK / INK / DEEP.