9.0 Shape, Size, Color, Measure, Number, Time, Space > 9.4 Colors

#6130 PTB *s-ma(ŋ/k) BLACK / INK / DEEP

Reconstructed mesoroots below:
rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
312796130,6130166s-|mak ⪤ s-|maŋink / black*Sino-Tibetan10Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 83 TILJAM-TIL370
765636130168sməkblack / dark*Sino-Tibetan10Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)0Coblin 86WSC-SH450
5154226130,61302012s-|maŋ ⪤ s-|makblack / dark / ink*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB6010
33983461301800ma:blackDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Anonymous xx TarNEFA-Taraon0
39679961301818mɑŋ⁵³blackDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.220
2228746130509mɑŋ⁵³blackDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.490
2229006130662mɑ⁵⁵blackIdu61.1.2Deng1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC841.500
39680261301821mɑ⁵⁵blackYidu61.1.2Deng1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1005.250
619356p,61302229a-ma(ŋ)DARKbe v.*Central Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Bruhn 14 PCNDWB-PCNIII.1970
618985p,61302228a-maŋDARKbe v.*Ao631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Bruhn 14 PCNDWB-PCNII.2120
619561p,61302226a³-maŋ¹darkbe v.Ao (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Bruhn 14 PCNDWB-PCNII.2120
239764p,6130270a◦mangdarkAo (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
259293p,6130270a◦mangnightAo (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2588076130,s273mang◦ogoeveningAo (Mongsen: Longchang)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
450416p,61301963(NZP-) màŋdarkbe v.Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Coupe 07 AoARC-GMA0
4505946130,m1963màŋ-phàŋcloud over [clouded over] ('be dark' + 'cover')v.Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Coupe 07 AoARC-GMA0
62026661302231məŋ³-dark (environment)be v.Lotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Bruhn 14 PCNDWB-PCNIII.1970
617070p,61302220e◦mungdarkLotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Murry 78LLC-ALV280
617073p,61302220e◦müngnightLotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Murry 78LLC-ALV780
316596p,6130961é◦mə̀ŋdarknessLotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Acharya 75ACH19750
2397706130,m963mang◦khangadarkLotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
3169036130,s961mə̄ŋ◦àdarkLotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Acharya 75ACH19750
239782p,61301364a◦madarkSangtam631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
239783p,6130,m1364a◦ma◦rüradarkSangtam631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
618111p,m,61302205a◦ro◦mangnightSangtam631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Kumar 73 SangBBK-Sangtam0
259314m,61301364ro◦mangnightSangtam631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
239791p,6130,m1672a◦mü◦tüdarkYimchungrü631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
239785m,61301471tangkha◦mangdarkTangkhul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
3783356130,56671826ȵ̥a⁵⁵dza⁵³ink (Chinese)nTibetan (Batang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0649.030
3783346130,56671815nak⁵⁵tsha⁵⁵ink (Chinese)nTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0649.020
3783366130,56671837naχ htsaink (Chinese)nTibetan (Xiahe)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0649.040
1788626130172ᴬʰmlaŋblack*TGTM232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis8030
646556130,m604mlõ-gyaːblackGurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Glover 72 GuVoSIL-Gur1.910
2694436130,m596mlo̩-gyā:blackGurung232.1.4Tamangish1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0910
1788616130600¹mlõ-blackGurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis8030
802766130,m999mlaŋ² gya²blackManang (Gyaru)232.1.4Tamangish1Nagano 84 ManYN-Man3380
211576130,m1002³mlã◦kyablackManang (Prakaa)232.1.4Tamangish1Hoshi 84HM-Prak04780
17886461301456²mlaŋ -mlaŋ-pablack, veryTamang (Risiangku)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis8040
26944461301457'mlāngblackTamang (Sahu)232.1.4Tamangish1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0910
12300261301464'mlaŋblackTamang (Sahu)232.1.4Tamangish1Taylor 72 TmVoSIL-Sahu1.910
17886561301462²mlaŋblackTamang (Sahu)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis8040
17886661301467mlaŋblackTamang (Taglung)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis8040
26944561301520mlāngblackThakali232.1.4Tamangish1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0910
17886861301526mlaŋblackThakali (Syang)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis8040
6708061301531mlaŋblackThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangish1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak1.910
17886761301530ᴴmlaŋblackThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis8040
53340061302068makblack*Kiranti292.3Kiranti1Opgenort 11 TilungJRO-Tilung0
75144m,6130911kha makt-become night <dark>Limbu312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Michailovsky 89 LmBM-Lim0
751366130911makblackLimbu312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Michailovsky 89 LmBM-Lim0
34350861301801makblack, beBantawa762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Rai 85 BnDsNKR-Bant0
220997m,6130561jɑ³³nɛ⁵⁵deepErsu343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC804.180
39561161301811nu̵⁵⁵deepadjGuiqiong343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.160
3956136130,61301813nɯ⁵³nɯ⁵³deepadjLyuzu343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.180
3956106130,61301810ni³³ni⁵³deepadjMuya343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.150
2209706130,61301136ni³³ni⁵⁵deepMuya [Minyak]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC804.150
2209722697,61301147da⁵⁵mo³³deepNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC804.190
3956412697,61301844da⁵³mo³¹deepadjNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.460
50930261301997ȵàdeepQiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang14240
3956096130,61301809n̥a⁵⁵ n̥a⁵⁵deepadjZhaba (Daofu County)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.140
395649m,61301807gɛ navdeepadjDaofu353.3rGyalrongic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.120
2209956130557naudeepErgong (Danba)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC804.140
3956076130,61301807nav navdeepadjDaofu353.3rGyalrongic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.120
220994p,61301340kə rnakdeeprGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC804.120
395606p,61301806kə rnɑkdeepadjrGyalrong (Maerkang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.110
330477p,61301797kə-rnadeepCaodeng783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun J 97 CaoJS-Caodeng0
332838p,61301799kə-rnakdeeprGBenzhen783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun J 97 rGBJS-rGBenzhe0
3956166130,m1817ȵɯŋ³¹ɛ⁵⁵deepadjNung384Nungic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.210
2210106130,m269ȵɯŋ³¹ɛ⁵⁵deepAnong384Nungic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC804.440
5900461301607na⁴³deepTrung [Dulong]384Nungic1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB510
395615m,61301816ɹɯ³¹nɑʔ⁵⁵deepadjDulong384Nungic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.200
221011m,6130537ɹɯ³¹nɑ̆ʔ⁵⁵deepTrung [Dulong]384Nungic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC804.460
59002m,6130539rɯ³¹ naʔ⁵⁵deepTrung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)384Nungic1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB510
59003m,6130541rɯ³¹ naʔ⁵⁵deepTrung [Dulong] (Nujiang)384Nungic1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB510
299632m,6130540ɹɯ³¹nɑ̆ʔ⁵⁵deepTrung [Dulong] (Nujiang)384Nungic1Sun H 82 DulJZ-Dulong0
5062096130148-nakdeep*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB510
1679286130146nakdeep*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR157(a)0
51550961302011ʔ-|nakᴸdeep*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB603 1
309106130143ʔ-|nakᴸdeep*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 78 MLBMJAM-MLBM820
1679296130146ʔnakdeep*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR157(b)0
590066130206nək³¹deepAchang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB510
2874576130207nək³¹deepAchang (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
39562461301825nɯk⁵⁵deepadjAchang (Xiandao)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.290
39562761301829naʔ³¹deepadjBola (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.320
39562261301823nɛʔ⁴deepadjBurmese (Rangoon)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.270
22100861301428nɛʔ⁴⁴deepBurmese (Spoken Rangoon)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC804.400
4382476130406hmaŋinkBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 76 WBurPKB-WBRD0
2051216130,m411hmɑŋ²khɑi³ink cakeBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC493.390
2051726130,m411hmɑŋ²rɑȵ²inkBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC494.390
4382466130406maŋ( prn. hmaŋ ) inkBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 76 WBurPKB-WBRD0
311006130,6130400maŋ~hmaŋinkBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 83 TILJAM-TIL370
2434066130392mhaṅinkBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
200126130,6130388mɑŋ~hmɑŋinkBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Chou 72ACST904a-b0
37835861301822mɑŋ²ink (Chinese)nBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0649.260
3764396130,m1822mɑŋ²o³marker (ink, carpenter's)nBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0612.260
2398296130392nakdeepBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
1344036130394nakdeepBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4610
307776130399nakdeepBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 78 MLBMJAM-MLBM820
4372396130406nakdeepBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 76 WBurPKB-WBRD0
2209826130411nɑkdeepBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC804.390
39562161301822nɑk⁴deepadjBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.260
2337526130,6130,m653nᴜ̀ʔ, nᴜ̀ʔ-ŋdeepHpun (Northern)446.1.1Burmish1Henderson 86 HpunEJAH-Hpun0
39562661301828nɔʔ³¹deepadjLangsu (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.310
39562861301830nəːk³¹deepadjLeqi (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.330
45332061301965naʔdeepviMarma446.1.1Burmish1Huziwara 08 SakHK-Sak3680
22098461301034nɔʔ³¹deepMaru [Langsu]446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC804.430
39562561301827nik²¹deepadjAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.300
22100961301693nik²¹deepAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC804.420
39564261301845na³⁵deepadjGazhuo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.470
2920996130879ʔnìqdeepLalo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Björverud 94SB-Lalo0
3377961301152na 55|deepNasu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR157(b)0
22097561301662ne̱⁵⁵deepYi (Mile)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC804.250
22100161301663ne̱²¹deepYi (Mojiang)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC804.260
39563261301834ne̱⁵⁵deepadjYi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.370
22100061301664ne̱⁵⁵deepYi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC804.240
22097461301666ni̱²¹deepYi (Nanjian)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC804.230
39563161301833ʔnɪ̱²¹deepadjYi (Weishan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.360
39563361301835nɑ̱⁵⁵deepadjYi (Wuding)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.380
3017496130699nɑ⁵⁵deepJinuo (Buyuan)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Gai 86JZ-Jinuo0
3014546130700n̥ɑ⁵⁵deepJinuo (Youle)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Gai 86JZ-Jinuo0
221005m,6130696tɕi³³na⁴⁴deepJinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC804.340
395639m,61301842tɕi⁴⁴ na⁵⁵deepadjJinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.440
47693261301969na55deepKucong476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Dai 09 KucongDC-Kucong0
590056130843deepLahu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB510
39563861301841nɑ³⁵deepadjLahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.430
307766130835deepLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 78 MLBMJAM-MLBM820
337746130839deepLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR157(b)0
2209796130851nᴀ³⁵deepLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC804.330
3027146130856na⁴deepLahu (Yellow)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Chang 86JZ-Lahu0
337786130930ná1deepLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR157(b)0
2851016130943ná¹deepLisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
2784176130946næ⁵⁵deep; profoundVLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2784186130,6130946næ⁵⁵ næ⁵⁵deeply felt; go deep intoLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2784216130,6130,m946næ⁵⁵næ⁵⁵zɔʔ²¹a bit deepLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
39563561301838nɛ⁵⁵deepadjLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.400
2209766130942nɛ⁵⁵deepLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC804.270
3377661301368ne 55|deepSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR157(b)0
39563461301836ne⁵⁵deepadjYi (Sani)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.390
137339m,6130244jɔ nàqdeepAkha (Yunnan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4610
337756130234na LS|deepAkha486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR157(b)0
1373386130243nàqdeepAkha (Thai)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4610
1344046130228nàqdeepAkha486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4610
337776130631na 21c|deepHani (Hu T’an)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR157(b)0
1373416130633naq ?deepHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4610
2209786130510na̱³¹deepHani (Dazhai)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC804.310
39563661301839na̱³¹deepadjHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.410
13734361301299deepHani (Pijo)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4610
2210036130418na̱³¹deepHani (Caiyuan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC804.300
3005216130630na̱³¹deepHani (Gelanghe)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Li Yongsui 86 HaniJZ-Hani0
1373406130635navqdeepHani (Wordlist)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4610
22100461301416na³¹deepHani (Shuikui)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC804.320
1373426130784deepHani (Khatu)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4610
39563761301840na³¹deepadjHani (Mojiang)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0982.420
3378161301118naŋʔ1deepMpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR157(b)0
13440861301115naŋʔ¹deepMpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4610
3077561301117naŋʔ¹deepMpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Matisoff 78 MLBMJAM-MLBM820
43545261301120naŋʔ¹deepMpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Srinuan 76SD-MPD0
458890m,61301961ʔaŋ33 na31deepPyen486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Shintani 09 PyenST-PL2040200
45919861301968na̰21deepSila486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Kato 08 LaoKT-LPDR2360
52363861302020nɛ⁴⁴DEEPAzha756.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish1Pelkey 11 PhulaJP-CPL10500
52127261302018ȵɛ²¹DEEPSouthern Muji756.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish1Pelkey 11 PhulaJP-CPL10500
51887161302016nɑ̠³¹DEEPPhola756.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish1Pelkey 11 PhulaJP-CPL10500
52248661302019ʔmo³³DEEPHlepho Phowa756.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish1Pelkey 11 PhulaJP-CPL10500
52007561302017ȵi⁵⁵DEEPPhuza756.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish1Pelkey 11 PhulaJP-CPL10500
5139642658,61301998si˧nɑ˥deep forestNa (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze10
205036130480məkinkChinese (Old/Mid)539.0.1Old Chinese0Chou 72ACST904c0
205026130480xməkblackChinese (Old/Mid)539.0.1Old Chinese0Chou 72ACST904a-b0
2956546130471hmɨkblackChinese (Old)539.0.1Old Chinese0Baxter 92WHB-OC13230
311016130475məkink / blackChinese (Old)539.0.1Old Chinese0Matisoff 83 TILJAM-TIL370

Chinese comparandum

墨 OC *mək, GSR #904c ‘ink’; Schuessler 2007:277 *mə̂k; B & S 2011: *C.mˁək; Mand.
黑 OC *xmək, GSR #904a-b ‘black’; Schuessler 2007:277 *hmə̂k; B & S 2011: *m̥ˁək (dial. *m̥ˁ‑ > *xˁ‑); Mand. hēi.

暮 OC *mɑ̂g, GSR #802d ‘evening, sunset; late in season’; Schuessler 2007:393 *mâkh; B & S 2011: (*C.mˁak‑s); Mand. .
墓 OC *mɑ̂g, GSR #802f ‘tomb, graveyard’; Schuessler 2007:393 *mâkh; B & S 2011: *C.mˁak‑s; Mand. .

匿 OC *ni̯ək, GSR #777l-m ‘conceal’; Schuessler 2007:493 *nrək; B & S 2011: *nrək; Mand. .
慝 OC *t’nək, GSR #777o ‘evil’; Schuessler 2007:493 *nhə̂k; B & S 2011: *n̥ˁək; Mand. .


^ 1.
Although Written Burmese does not differentiate between nak BLACK and DEEP, Lahu has a clear distinction: nâʔ ‘black’ < *s‑nakᴴ vs. *ʔ‑nakᴸ ‘deep’. This latter Lahu word has the high rising tone which developed by “glottal dissimilation” in syllables containing both a glottal onset and a stopped final (see Matisoff: 1970 passim and 1972, section 2.3).