1.0 The Body > 1.2 Head and Face > 1.2.7 Ear

#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)

This root typically appears as the final morpheme in words for bodily orifices (anus, ear, mouth, nostril, throat, trachea, vagina), as well as words describing inanimate openings like caves and wells.

The Tiddim forms meaning ‘hole’ with initial w‑ appear to be cognate, although the loss of the initial dental stop is not parallelled elsewhere. Note the Tiddim allofam daŋ ‘throat’ where the initial stop is preserved.

The apparent lateral prefix in the second syllable of the WT word for ‘throat’ ('ol‑ldoṅ) seems to be merely a perseverative effect of the preceding syllable with final ‑l.

Cf. Chinese tǔng ‘tube’ , GSR 1176g.

rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
77626822168dongtube*Sino-Tibetan10Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)0Coblin 86WSC-SH1530
60704822181dwaaŋpit, hole*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB420
72118822182dwaŋpit, hole, cave*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Benedict 72 STCSTC1690
5148728222012dwaːŋhole / cave / pit / well (for water)*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB5870
160060505,822498mit-duŋthroatDamu741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
118780494,822,m503haː◦dang-ranapeDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
39699494,822,484505kʰɑ³¹ diɯŋ⁵³ ɹɑ⁵⁵neckDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Sun H 80 MLDSLZO-MLD0
352255m,822,4881818ɕɯ³¹tɯ³¹gɹu⁵³throatnDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0141.220
192682m,822,488509ɕɯ³¹tɯ³¹gɹu⁵³throatDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC249.490
39700m,822,488505ɕɯ⁵³ tɯ³¹ gɹo⁵³throatDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Sun H 80 MLDSLZO-MLD0
352256m,8221819gɑ³¹dɯŋ³⁵throatnKaman [Miju]61.1.2Deng1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0141.230
192707m,822592gɑ³¹dɯŋ³⁵throatKaman [Miju]61.1.2Deng1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC249.480
3275638221794-daŋthroatnTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Henderson 65 TidCEJAH-TC0
1186858221593-daŋthroat / gullet / esophagusTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
3282628221794-vaŋholenTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Henderson 65 TidCEJAH-TC0
3282638221794-vaŋ/ˋvanform a holevTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Henderson 65 TidCEJAH-TC0
3155718221778vang² > van³have a holevTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB19360
3155728221778vang³holevTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB19370
1711598221597vaŋ²/van³have a holeTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Bhaskararao 94 TCVPB-TCV0
3035048221762wa:ŋhole, make a holeTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Benedict 72 STCSTC45n1500
131560p,822,496805kə◦dəŋ kʰulwindpipe / tracheaKom Rem721.2.4“Old Kuki”0Toba 91 KRQT-KomRQ4.2.10
131558m,822,m,m805kə◦dəŋ səi◦luŋadam's apple / larynxKom Rem721.2.4“Old Kuki”0Toba 91 KRQT-KomRQ4.1.40
150243811,818,811,8221112nà◦béŋ ~ nà◦dúŋeardrumMoyon721.2.4“Old Kuki”0Kosha 90DK-Moyon3.6.50
165426811,8221335nye◦tingearRengma651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
10509483,500,m,8221040ŋuŋ◦sit u◦toŋwindpipe / tracheaMeithei131.4Meithei1Singh 91 MeiQCYS-Meithei4.2.10
118689m,8221064che◦thokthroat / gullet / esophagusMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
117591273,8221626ho-toŋmouthWanang821.7.1.3Koch1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
2584751269,8221281yong◦dongcavePhom851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
31917m,822676khàʔ-thūŋwell / pitJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB2020
333972m,822679khaʔ³¹thuŋ³³wellJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Liu 84JZ-Jingpo0
346773m,8221814khaʔ³¹thuŋ³³wellnJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0035.190
181104m,822690khaʔ³¹thuŋ³³wellJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC22.470
117579m,822,m1352as-tung:◦lɔ³mouthSak401.7.3.2Asakian1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
62017822,8221098tong◦tongthroatTsangla (Central)222.1.2Bodic1Egli-RodunerSER-HSLT33 30
192662822,8221088toŋ toŋthroatTsangla (Motuo)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC249.70
39267822,8221085toŋ⁵⁵ toŋ⁵⁵throatTsangla (Motuo)222.1.2Bodic1Zhang Jichuan 86JZ-CLMenba0
42195822,8221086toŋ◦toŋthroatTsangla (Motuo)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 80 MLDSLZO-MLD0
42185p,476,8221086ʔa◦pak◦taŋmouthTsangla (Motuo)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 80 MLDSLZO-MLD0
297969m,8221093mi⁵⁵toŋ⁵⁵holeTshona (Wenlang)222.1.2Bodic1Lu 86 CuoMJZ-CNMenba0
297968m,8221093ri³⁵toŋ⁵⁵caveTshona (Wenlang)222.1.2Bodic1Lu 86 CuoMJZ-CNMenba0
39540822,8221093toŋ⁵⁵ toŋ⁵⁵throatTshona (Wenlang)222.1.2Bodic1Lu 86 CuoMJZ-CNMenba0
181721m,8221092meʔ⁵³tɔŋ⁵⁵holeTshona (Mama)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC34.60
1816708221092tɔŋ⁵⁵caveTshona (Mama)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC33.60
42023822,8221090tɔŋ⁵⁵ tɔŋ⁵⁵throatTshona (Mama)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 80 MLDSLZO-MLD0
192686822,8221092tɔŋ⁵⁵tɔŋ⁵⁵throatTshona (Mama)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC249.60
352240822,8221851toŋ toŋthroatnMotuo Menba222.1.2Bodic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0141.070
346812m,8221850koŋ⁵⁵toŋ⁵³pitnCuona Menba222.1.2Bodic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0036.060
3463926076,8221850ri³⁵tɔŋ⁵⁵cave (mountain)nCuona Menba222.1.2Bodic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0028.060
352239822,8221850tɔŋ³⁵tɔŋ³⁵throatnCuona Menba222.1.2Bodic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0141.060
3464458221850tɔŋ⁵⁵cave / holenCuona Menba222.1.2Bodic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0029.060
350899m,8221848oŋ doŋanusnTibetan (Alike)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0115.050
346759822,m1848toŋ tɕhəwellnTibetan (Alike)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0035.050
181108822,m1550toŋ tɕhəwellTibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC22.40
359798221584toŋhole (deep)Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 AmdoJS-Amdo1810
181084822,m1585toŋ tɕhəwellTibetan (Amdo:Zeku)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC22.50
3468098221826tũ¹³pitnTibetan (Batang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0036.030
346857m,8221815koŋ⁵⁵toŋ⁵⁵pitnTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0036.020
346808m,8221815sa⁵⁵toŋ⁵⁵pitnTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0036.020
118737490,8221568'o-doṅwindpipe / tracheaTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
118736490,8221568'o-ldoṅwindpipe / tracheaTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
118715490,8221568'ol-ldoṅthroat / windpipeTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
118739490,8221568'ol-ldoṅwindpipe / tracheaTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
377638221575donghole (deep)Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 TbGlJS-Tib1810
589498221577doŋpit, holeTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB420
702188221578doŋdeep hole, pit, ditchTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Benedict 72 STCSTC1690
3468078221804doŋpitnTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0036.010
3049578221578dwa:ŋhole, cave, pitTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Benedict 72 STCSTC190n4880
1187342121,8221568glo-doṅwindpipe / tracheaTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
346810m,8221837khəχ doŋpitnTibetan (Xiahe)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0036.040
3467588221837toŋ tɕəwellnTibetan (Xiahe)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0035.040
5049238221988tung◦hóngpit, holen.Lepcha212.1.3Lepcha1Plaisier 07 LepchaHP-GL0
127579811,m,822,m436nɦa-ye dhoŋ◦riinner earChantyal232.1.4Tamangish1Noonan 92NPB-ChanQ3.6.30
127580811,m,822,m436nɦa-ye dhoŋ◦riear canalChantyal232.1.4Tamangish1Noonan 92NPB-ChanQ3.6.40
47971820,8221529kho◦toŋholeThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 78 TamMM-K78260
68109820,8221531kʰotoŋ tohŋ-ci-wɔperforatedThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangish1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak12.C.350
67742820,8221531kʰo◦toŋholeThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangish1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak5.A.620
67109820,8221531kʰo◦toŋ soh-lɔbore (a hole)Thakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangish1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak8.B.70
118674495,8221169ka◦thuthroat / gullet / esophagusNewar272.2Newar1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
441479495,8221919ka◦thuthroatNewar (Kathmandu)272.2Newar1Malla 07 PCKPM-pc0
62155495,8221174kɔ◦thuuvulaNewar272.2Newar1Shakya 89SH-KNw3.7.40
62201495,8221174kɔ◦thuthroat / gullet / pharynxNewar272.2Newar1Shakya 89SH-KNw4.20
1175598221169twā(th)mouth / nozzle / beakNewar272.2Newar1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
143662686,822,s912si◦daŋ◦bamouthLimbu312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71210
4998801269,8221873ruŋ◦daŋcave, larger than a "rummuk"nYamphu312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Rutgers 98RR-Yamphu572.280
344622164,8221801buk◦TaNcave / denBantawa762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Rai 85 BnDsNKR-Bant0
344438m,1269,8221801Dhi◦luN◦TaNcaveBantawa762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Rai 85 BnDsNKR-Bant0
79537m,822328ngam-tangthroatBantawa762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Rai 84 BnDcWW-Bant560
479872687,822,m1977hmo.toŋ klyak-talk hot air, shoot one's mouth offvi.Chepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 00 ChepangRC-DOC0
480940687,822,m1977hmo.toŋ.camouth soresn.Chepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 00 ChepangRC-DOC0
487626687,8221977hmoʔ.toŋmouth, opening, entrance, wide endn.Chepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 00 ChepangRC-DOC0
143654687,822443hmo◦tongmouthChepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71200
117555687,822445hmo◦tongmouthChepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
6247687,822442hmo◦toŋmouthChepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT7360
63571687,822449hmo◦toŋmouthChepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 72 CVocSIL-Chep1.420
127898687,822452hmo◦toŋmouthChepang (Eastern)282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 90 CheQRC-ChepQ3.70
127950488,822452ryo◦dhyoŋʔwindpipe / tracheaChepang (Eastern)282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 90 CheQRC-ChepQ4.2.10
127948822,m452thyoŋ◦waʔadam's apple / larynxChepang (Eastern)282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 90 CheQRC-ChepQ4.1.40
1177801002,822,494994mi-Dung◦gāneckMagar282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
181702665,8221147qu⁵⁵tu³³holeNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC34.190
377816m,8221844ju̵⁵⁵tu⁵³snare / trapnNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0638.460
377867m,8221844ju̵⁵⁵tu⁵³ qu⁵³tu³¹trap / pitfallnNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0639.460
407013665,8221844qu⁵³tu³¹luo³³χa³⁵pierce throughNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1222.460
346485665,8221844qu⁵⁵tu³¹cave / holenNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0029.460
350940m,m,m,8221844tshɿ³³tshɿ³³qu⁵⁵tu³¹anusnNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0115.460
131138811,812,8221698ne⁵⁵ po⁵⁵ to⁵⁵earQueyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZhaQSHK-ZhabQ3.60
192283811,812,8221699ne⁵⁵po⁵⁵to⁵⁵earQueyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC241.160
3464518221807doŋcave / holenDaofu353.3rGyalrongic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0029.120
3468188221807doŋpitnDaofu353.3rGyalrongic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0036.120
572681822,m,m,m,m2175doŋ◦du'◦cu◦rə◦ʁadig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Maerkang Dazang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
573097822,m,m,m,m2176doŋ◦du'◦cu◦rə◦ʁadig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Maerkang Japhug Shaerzong (A))783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
558799822,m,822,m2147dɑŋ◦ke◦doŋ◦lɑdig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Jinchuan Erkai)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
181724665,8221340khɐi duholerGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC34.120
346450665,8221806khɐi jducave / holenrGyalrong (Maerkang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0029.110
580638m,m,p,8222192kʰən◦kʰən'◦ka◦toŋdig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Xiaojin Bajiao)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
551138m,m,p,8222125kʰə◦bok̚'◦ka◦toŋdig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Banshanmen)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
581053m,m,p,8222193kʰə◦pok̚'◦ka◦təŋdig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Xiaojin Dawei)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
583944m,m,p,8222200kʰə◦pok̚'◦ka◦təŋdig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Xiaojin Zhailong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
553631m,m,p,8222135kʰə◦pok̚'◦na◦toŋdig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Taipingqiao)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
583531m,m,p,8222199kʰə◦pok̚'◦na◦toŋdig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Xiaojin Xingge)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
560766m,m,p,8222150kʰə◦poŋ'◦na◦toŋdig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Jinchuan Jimu Zhouchan)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
583118m,m,p,8222198kʰʊˈ◦po̚ kaˈ◦toŋdig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Xiaojin Rilong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
556519m,8222142qə'◦toŋdig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Heishui Shashiduo Muchang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
14136p,3333,665,822606ta sop kʰoi jduanus / rectumrGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Dai 89 JiarDQ-Jiarong9.120
331533822,8221797toŋ-toŋpitCaodeng783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun J 97 CaoJS-Caodeng0
330995822,8221797toŋ-toŋhole (small)Caodeng783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun J 97 CaoJS-Caodeng0
548698822,822,m,57622120toŋ44toŋ44 ka22rwa44dig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Baoxing Qiaoqi Leilecun Duoguozu)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
548273822,m2119toŋ◦'kaɫgadig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Aba Rongan Menggucun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
574879822,822,m,57622180toŋ◦toŋ◦'ka◦ɫwadig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Maerkang Kangshan)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
579817822,m,m2190toŋ◦ʒalo◦'cidig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Rangtang Shili Erguowucun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
13960p,811,665,822606tə rȵa kʰoi jduear canalrGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Dai 89 JiarDQ-Jiarong3.6.40
13925p,m,665,822606tə ɕna kʰoi jdusinusrGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Dai 89 JiarDQ-Jiarong2.60
13938p,m,665,822606tə ɕna kʰoi jdupupilrGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Dai 89 JiarDQ-Jiarong3.4.2.20
13950p,803,665,822606tə ɕna kʰoi jdunostrilrGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Dai 89 JiarDQ-Jiarong3.5.20
552803822,5762,m2133təˈ◦lo◦lidig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Dasang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
130376p,811,m,822617tə◦rna kʰuŋ◦duinner earrGyalrong (Northern)783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 rNQSHK-rGNQ3.6.30
130377p,811,p,822617tə◦rna ən◦duear canalrGyalrong (Northern)783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 rNQSHK-rGNQ3.6.40
130053p,803,665,822616tə◦ʃna kʰɐ◦jdunostrilrGyalrong (Eastern)783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 rEQSHK-rGEQ3.5.20
130608p,661,820,822617tə◦ʃtu kʰuŋ◦duvaginarGyalrong (Northern)783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 rNQSHK-rGNQ10.4.10
350905m,m,m,8221806tɑ sop khɐi duanusnrGyalrong (Maerkang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0115.110
581882p,8222195ŋa'◦toŋdig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Xiaojin Hanniu)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
332688m,8221799kʰe-ducaverGBenzhen783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun J 97 rGBJS-rGBenzhe0
332543m,m,m,8221799ta-sɔp kʰe-duanusrGBenzhen783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun J 97 rGBJS-rGBenzhe0
589518221203duŋ-khrpit, holeAnong384Nungic1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB420
70219822,6651205duŋ-khrholeAnong384Nungic1Benedict 72 STCSTC1690
71153822,6651205duŋ-khrholeAnong384Nungic1Benedict 72 STCSTC3500
501429822,6651982dəŋ³¹ khɯr³¹pitRawang384Nungic1LaPolla 03RJL-Rawang430
5014181269,8221982lɔŋ⁵³ doŋ³¹mountain caveRawang384Nungic1LaPolla 03RJL-Rawang320
5015182520,8221982ni⁵³ dɯŋ³¹anusRawang384Nungic1LaPolla 03RJL-Rawang1300
3509142520,m,8221816nɯ³¹ɹɔn⁵⁵duŋ⁵⁵anusnDulong384Nungic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0115.200
181690m,822537ɑŋ³¹duŋ⁵⁵caveTrung [Dulong]384Nungic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC33.460
346826m,8221816ɑŋ⁵⁵duŋ⁵³pitnDulong384Nungic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0036.200
58947m,822539aŋ³¹ duŋ⁵⁵pit, holeTrung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)384Nungic1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB420
58948m,822541aŋ³¹ duŋ⁵⁵pit, holeTrung [Dulong] (Nujiang)384Nungic1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB420
2988851269,m,822540lɯ³¹kɑ⁵⁵duŋ⁵⁵caveTrung [Dulong] (Nujiang)384Nungic1Sun H 82 DulJZ-Dulong0
298886m,822540ɑŋ³¹duŋ⁵⁵holeTrung [Dulong] (Nujiang)384Nungic1Sun H 82 DulJZ-Dulong0
43523389,m,8221617gua²¹ la⁵⁵ du̵³⁵throatTujia (Southern)415Tujia1Tian 86JZ-Tujia0
127417m,m,8221612se³⁵ a²¹ dɯ³⁵anus / rectumTujia415Tujia1Chen 86 TuMQCK-TujMQ9.120
5148738222011dwaŋ²well (for water)*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB5870
287905m,822201lɑ³¹tuŋ⁵⁵graveAchang (Lianghe)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
58954m,822203tʂuUŋ³¹ tuŋ³¹pit, holeAchang (Lianghe)446.1.1Burmish1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB420
287651m,822201tʂɯŋ³¹tuŋ³¹caveAchang (Lianghe)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
287652m,822201ɑ³¹tuŋ³⁵holeAchang (Lianghe)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
181713p,822200a³¹tɔŋ³¹holeAchang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC34.410
346414163,8221824pum⁵⁵tɔŋ³¹cave (mountain)nAchang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0028.280
181662m,822200pum⁵⁵tɔŋ³¹caveAchang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC33.410
589531423,822206pun⁵⁵ tɔŋ³¹pit, holeAchang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB420
3464678221824tɔŋ³¹cave / holenAchang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0029.280
3468348221824tɔŋ³¹pitnAchang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0036.280
350106572,8221824tɕhi³¹tuŋ³¹buttocksnAchang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0099.280
350922572,822,8221824tɕhi³¹tuŋ³¹tuŋ³¹anusnAchang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0115.280
348654m,8221824ʐɿ³¹tuŋ⁵⁵tombnAchang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0071.280
198543m,822200ʐɿ³¹tuŋ⁵⁵graveAchang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC364.410
286826m,822207tsəŋ⁵¹tuaŋ⁵¹caveAchang (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
286827822207tuaŋ⁵¹holeAchang (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
350107572,8221825khu⁵⁵tuŋ³¹buttocksnAchang (Xiandao)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0099.290
350923572,8221825khɯ̆³¹tuŋ³¹anusnAchang (Xiandao)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0115.290
17387572,822209kʰu⁵⁵ tuŋ³¹buttocksAchang (Xiandao)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 89 XianDQ-Xiandao1220
17403572,822209kʰɯ̆³¹ tuŋ³¹anusAchang (Xiandao)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 89 XianDQ-Xiandao1400
346418163,8221829pam⁵⁵tuŋ³¹cave (mountain)nBola (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0028.320
3464918221829tuŋ³¹cave / holenBola (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0029.320
3778538221829tuŋ³¹ŋja̱m³⁵trap / pitfallnBola (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0639.320
117532454,822396kham-twâŋmouthBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
31918m,822401re-twâŋwell / pitBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB2020
70223m,822409re-twàŋpit, hole, caveBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 72 STCSTC1690
346780m,8221822re²twɑŋ³wellnBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0035.260
181100m,822411re²twɑŋ³wellBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC22.390
260274m,822392re◦twaṅ:wellnBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
259011822392twaṅ:holeBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
438378822406twâŋhole, pitBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 76 WBurPKB-WBRD0
58950822407twâŋpit, holeBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB420
70220822409twaŋhole, pitBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 72 STCSTC1690
3468328221822twɑŋ³pitnBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0036.260
3464178221828tuŋ³⁵cave (mountain)nLangsu (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0028.310
3464708221828tuŋ³⁵cave / holenLangsu (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0029.310
3468378221828tuŋ³⁵khuŋ³¹pitnLangsu (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0036.310
15482811,822886nə̌³³ tuaŋ³³ear canalLashi446.1.1Burmish1Dai 89 LashDQ-Lashi3.6.40
15481811,822,m886nə̌³³ tuaŋ³³ khou³³inner earLashi446.1.1Burmish1Dai 89 LashDQ-Lashi3.6.30
15647577,820,822886tʃhə̌⁵⁵ khuŋ⁵⁵ tuaŋ³³anus / rectumLashi446.1.1Burmish1Dai 89 LashDQ-Lashi9.120
349228681,8221830mjoʔ³¹tuaŋ³³facenLeqi (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0082.330
3464728221830tuaŋ³³cave / holenLeqi (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0029.330
3468398221830tuaŋ³³khuaŋ⁵⁵pitnLeqi (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0036.330
350927577,820,8221830tʃhə̆⁵⁵khuŋ⁵⁵tuaŋ³³anusnLeqi (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0115.330
15228811,8221024nə̆³¹ tuŋ³⁵ear canalMaru [Langsu]446.1.1Burmish1Dai 89 LangDQ-Langsu3.6.40
15227811,822,m1024nə̆³¹ tuŋ³⁵ khuk³¹inner earMaru [Langsu]446.1.1Burmish1Dai 89 LangDQ-Langsu3.6.30
1816638221034tuŋ³⁵caveMaru [Langsu]446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC33.430
1817148221034tuŋ³⁵holeMaru [Langsu]446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC34.430
352263489,8221827khjuŋ ²¹toŋ²¹throatnAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0141.300
346416163,8221827pum⁵¹toŋ²¹cave (mountain)nAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0028.300
181688m,8221693pum⁵¹toŋ²¹caveAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC33.420
3464698221827toŋ²¹cave / holenAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0029.300
1817398221693toŋ²¹holeAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC34.420
350924577,8221827tʃhĭ⁵⁵toŋ²¹anusnAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0115.300
15731811,812,m,822958no⁵⁵ pɒ⁴⁴ mi³³ dv̩³¹ear canalLolopho456.1.2Loloish1Dai 89 LoloDQ-Lolopho3.6.40
70224m,822,m,822960śi-du ⪤ hi-ducave, holeLolopho456.1.2Loloish1Benedict 72 STCSTC1690
15874572,822958ɕi³¹ dv̩³¹anus / rectumLolopho456.1.2Loloish1Dai 89 LoloDQ-Lolopho9.120
3464868221845tuŋ³⁵cave / holenGazhuo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0029.470
9311803,809,820,822878ʔnɑ⁵⁵ kʰu̪³³ kʰu̪⁵⁵ du̪⁵⁵nostrilLalo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ3.5.20
9655572,820,8221148ɬi³³ xo³³ du³³anus / rectumNasu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ9.120
9861m,8221164thi³³ du³³anus / rectumNesu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ9.120
284386m,8221193ʈhi²¹du³³anusNoesu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ9.120
3348838221219dõ³⁵holeNusu (Northern)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun J 86 NusuJZ-Nusu0
3464738221831doŋ⁵⁵cave / holenNusu (Central)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0029.340
3468408221831doŋ⁵⁵pitnNusu (Central)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0036.340
3357878221220dõ⁵⁵holeNusu (Southern)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun J 86 NusuJZ-Nusu0
350928572,8221831khɹi⁵⁵doŋ⁵⁵anusnNusu (Central)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0115.340
16233572,8221216kʰʴi⁵⁵ doŋ⁵⁵anusNusu (Central)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Dai 89 NusBDQ-NusuB140.0
15982572,8221218kʰʴi⁵⁵ dõ⁵³anusNusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Dai 89 NusADQ-NusuA140.0
334882m,8221219lu̱³¹dõ³⁵caveNusu (Northern)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun J 86 NusuJZ-Nusu0
181678m,8221658fa¹³du³³caveYi (Dafang)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC33.220
1926943363,8221658tɕhɒ³³thɔ²¹throatYi (Dafang)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC249.220
436603363,8221656tɕʰɒ³³ tʰɔ²¹throatYi (Dafang)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 85 YiJZJZ-Yi0
1816808221663tɯ²¹caveYi (Mojiang)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC33.260
3468438221834du²¹pitnYi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0036.370
1816798221664du³³caveYi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC33.240
181730822,8221664du³³;thu³³holeYi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC34.240
350931572,8221834ɕi²¹du²¹anusnYi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0115.370
181653665,8221666khu̪⁵⁵du̪⁵⁵caveYi (Nanjian)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC33.230
181704820,8221666khu̪⁵⁵du̪⁵⁵holeYi (Nanjian)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC34.230
346475665,8221833khu̪⁵⁵du̪⁵⁵cave / holenYi (Weishan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0029.360
3468448221835dv̩³³pitnYi (Wuding)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0036.380
702211013,822844ɣɨ◦túpit, hole, caveLahu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Benedict 72 STCSTC1690
114770572,822832qhɛ̂-tûanusLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
114771572,822,820832qhɛ̂-tû-qhɔanusLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
70222822940dupit, hole, caveLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Benedict 72 STCSTC1690
70225m,8221376fe-ducaveSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Benedict 72 STCSTC1690
702261423,8221376pu-duholeSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Benedict 72 STCSTC1690
17248572,8221366tʂʰʅ²¹ du²¹anusSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Wu 84WAH-Sani196.20
283964572,8221223ɬi²¹du²¹anusSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ9.120
131840572,8221379ɬi²¹du²¹anusSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Wu 84YHJC-Sani0
350933572,8221836ɬz̩¹¹dv̩¹¹anusnYi (Sani)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0115.390
4353588221120thaŋʔ¹caveMpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Srinuan 76SD-MPD0
127477479,3361,822,m1290li³⁵ kho³⁵ tõ³¹ phanneck / throatCôông [Phunoi]486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Ferlus 91MF-PhnQ40
127478479,3361,822,m1290li³⁵ khũ tõ³¹ phanneck / throatCôông [Phunoi]486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Ferlus 91MF-PhnQ40
150064m,8221362maŋ³¹ thoŋ³¹mouthSangkong486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Li Yongsui 91 SangLYS-Sangkon0
516722m,8221999pɑ˥tv˥pitfall, pit, trap; little hole in the ground, uneven patch on the ground; puddle, pool, water holeLaze (Xiangjiao)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze113500
513781572,8221998qʰæ˧tv˧anusNa (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze10
513583467,8221998ɲi˧to˧mouth and jawNa (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze10
349345467,8221843nv̩⁵⁵tɑ⁵³mouthnNaxi436.2Naxi1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0084.450
129480467,8221159nv⁵⁵tɑ³³mouthNaxi (Western)436.2Naxi1He 85JZ-Naxi0
192315467,8221676ȵe³¹to³¹mouthNaxi (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC242.290
126621467,8221157ȵi³³to³³mouthNaxi (Eastern)436.2Naxi1He 85JZ-Naxi0
326011811,8221793nio tɔ 34earBai (Dali)518Bai1Dell 81Dell-Bai2550
19190811,822312nio³ tɔ⁴earBai (Dali)518Bai1Dell 81FD-Baipp.150-1690
192267811,822314ȵv³³to⁴²earBai (Dali)518Bai1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC241.350
38963811,822313ȵv̩³³ to³¹earBai (Dali)518Bai1Xu 84 BaiJZ-Bai0
145949811,822,665309jɯ̃³³ tɯ̱²¹ kuã⁵⁵ mɯ⁵⁵ kʰɯ³¹ fv̩³³ no³³inner earBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai3.6.30
145948811,822,665309jɯ̃³³ tɯ̱²¹ kuã⁵⁵ mɯ⁵⁵ ŋua̱⁴⁴ fv̩³³ no³³outer earBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai3.6.20
80618811,822,665,m309jɯ̃³³ tɯ̱²¹ kuã⁵⁵ sɿ³³earwaxBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai3.6.60
145951811,822,665,m,m309jɯ̃³³ tɯ̱²¹ kuã⁵⁵ tɕi³³ ne̱²¹eardrumBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai3.6.50
145947811,822,665,m309jɯ̃³³ tɯ̱²¹ kuã⁵⁵ tɕĩ⁵⁵ ne̱²¹earlobeBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai3.6.10
145950811,822,665,m309jɯ̃³³ tɯ̱²¹ kuã⁵⁵ ʔuĩ³³ xɯ³¹ear canalBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai3.6.40
39096811,822,665316jɯ̃³³ tɯ̱²¹ kuɑ̃⁵⁵earBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Xu 84 BaiJZ-Bai0
192293811,822,665317jɯ̃³³tɯ²¹kuɑ̃⁵⁵earBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC241.360
181685822317tṽ⁴⁴caveBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC33.360
349192811,822,6651846ɲi³³tiə⁴²kuɑ̃⁵⁵earnBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0081.480
283002822478dongtubenChinese (Old)539.0.1Old Chinese0Coblin 86WSC-SH1530
283000822478dunghcave / holenChinese (Old)539.0.1Old Chinese0Coblin 86WSC-SH530
283003822468dungtubenChinese (Middle)549.0.2Middle Chinese0Coblin 86WSC-SH1530
283001822468dung-cave / holenChinese (Middle)549.0.2Middle Chinese0Coblin 86WSC-SH530
1424578221010dòngholeChinese (Mandarin)559.0.3Modern Chinese0Evans 91ELS-CLL0
367868221011duhnghole (deep)Chinese (Mandarin)559.0.3Modern Chinese0Sun J 85 ChGlJS-Ch1810
36976820,8221011kuung◦duhngholeChinese (Mandarin)559.0.3Modern Chinese0Sun J 85 ChGlJS-Ch3660

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