STEDT Etymon #5440
6.0 Verbs of Motion, of Manipulation, and of Production > 6.13 Convergence
#5440 PTB *tip ⪤ *tu(p/m) WRAP UP |
This root shows two kinds of variation: alternation between medial *‑u‑ and *‑i‑, and between nasal and stop labial finals.
Kuki-Chin has a doublet at the PKC level: *tom ⪤ *tum WRAP / ENVELOP and PKC *tuam BANDAGE / BIND / COVER / WRAP.
| rn | analysis | lgid | reflex | gloss | gfn | language | grpid | grpno | grp | genetic | citation | srcabbr | srcid | rn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 515944 | 5440,5440,5440 | 2012 | tip ⪤ tup ⪤ tum | wrap up | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Matisoff 03 HPTB | JAM-HPTB | 615 | 0 | |
| 161227 | 5440 | 498 | tɯm-paː-ra | wrap up | Damu | 74 | 1.1.1.2 | Eastern Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 Tani | JS-Tani | 0 | ||
| 500277 | 5440 | 1920 | tom ⪤ tum | WRAP / ENVELOP | *Chin | 8 | 1.2 | Kuki-Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 246 | 0 | |
| 500209 | 5440 | 1920 | tuam | BANDAGE / BIND / COVER / WRAP | *Chin | 8 | 1.2 | Kuki-Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 178 | 0 | |
| 442381 | 5440 | 1930 | tuam | bandage, to cover, wrap | v | Paite | 68 | 1.2.1.1 | Northern Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 178 | 0 |
| 442380 | 5440 | 1926 | tûom-I, tùom-II | bandage, gird, bind | Thado | 68 | 1.2.1.1 | Northern Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 178 | 0 | |
| 442379 | 5440 | 1925 | tuam¹ | cover | Tiddim | 68 | 1.2.1.1 | Northern Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 178 | 0 | |
| 442687 | 5440 | 1928 | tum | wrap something in, to envelop with | v | Cho (Mindat) | 69 | 1.2.1.2 | Southern Plains Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 246 | 0 |
| 442686 | 5440 | 1947 | tôm-I, tǒm-II | wrap, to envelop | v | Lai (Hakha) | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 246 | 0 |
| 442376 | 5440 | 1947 | tûam-I, tǔam-II | bandage, bind, to wrap up | v | Lai (Hakha) | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 178 | 0 |
| 442377 | 5440 | 1923 | túam-I, tùam-II | bandage, to wrap up | v | Lai (Falam) | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 178 | 0 |
| 253454 | 5440 | 976 | tuam | wrap | v | Lushai [Mizo] | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | |
| 442378 | 5440 | 1924 | tǔam | bind, to wrap, to bandadge, to enfold, cover, evelope | v | Lushai [Mizo] | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 178 | 0 |
| 315430 | 5440 | 1779 | tuam | wrap around | Lushai [Mizo] | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | Bhaskararao 96 CDB | PB-CLDB | 1820 | 0 | |
| 442685 | 5440 | 1921 | tȳ | roll, as paper; a bunch, as of flowers | n | Lakher [Mara] | 71 | 1.2.3 | Maraic | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 246 | 0 |
| 529141 | 5440 | 2031 | dom | wrap | *Tangkhulic | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Mortensen 12 Tk | DRM-Tk | 732 | 0 | |
| 253446 | 5440 | 1471 | ram | wrap | v | Tangkhul | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | |
| 306987 | 5440 | 1470 | rom | wrap | Tangkhul | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Bhat 69 TNV | Bhat-TNV | 100 | 0 | |
| 526930 | m,5440 | 2025 | kʰə-rom | wrap | Ukhrul | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Mortensen 12 Tk | DRM-Tk | 0 | ||
| 31477 | 5440 | 676 | thùp | wrap up | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Matisoff 74 TJLB | JAM-TJLB | 347 | 0 | |
| 18568 | 5440,m | 1262 | tup◦tʃi | wrap, cling | v. | Pattani [Manchati] | 20 | 2.1.1 | Western Himalayish | 0 | Sharma, D.D. 82 TH | DS-Patt | 0 | |
| 298509 | 5440 | 1093 | dɑm³⁵ | tie into a bundle | Tshona (Wenlang) | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Lu 86 CuoM | JZ-CNMenba | 0 | ||
| 213851 | 5440 | 1092 | tᴀm¹³ | tie (e.g. firewood)into a bund | Tshona (Mama) | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 664.6 | 0 | |
| 403301 | 5440 | 1850 | tam³⁵ | bind / tie up | Cuona Menba | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1141.06 | 0 | |
| 426257 | 5440 | 1850 | tam³⁵ sa³¹ | tie (a cow) to | v. | Cuona Menba | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1645.06 | 0 |
| 213826 | 5440 | 1585 | wdam | tie (e.g. firewood)into a bund | Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 664.5 | 0 | |
| 213849 | 5440 | 1557 | tam¹³ | tie (e.g. firewood)into a bund | Tibetan (Lhasa) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 664.2 | 0 | |
| 403298 | 5440 | 1815 | tam¹³² | bind / tie up | Tibetan (Lhasa) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1141.02 | 0 | |
| 213773 | 5440 | 1582 | gtum | wrap | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 663.1 | 0 | |
| 213824 | 5440 | 1582 | sdom | tie (e.g. firewood)into a bund | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 664.1 | 0 | |
| 403300 | 5440 | 1837 | dam | bind / tie up | Tibetan (Xiahe) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1141.04 | 0 | |
| 403350 | 5440 | 1837 | təm | wrap | v | Tibetan (Xiahe) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1142.04 | 0 |
| 505004 | 5440 | 1988 | dám | tie, bind | v. | Lepcha | 21 | 2.1.3 | Lepcha | 1 | Plaisier 07 Lepcha | HP-GL | 0 | |
| 168496 | 5440,m | 1531 | tum-lɔ | wrap | v. | Thakali (Tukche) | 23 | 2.1.4 | Tamangish | 1 | Hari 71a ThVo | SIL-Thak | 6.B.2.12 1 | 0 |
| 168495 | 5440,m | 1531 | tum-lɔ | wrap (things) | Thakali (Tukche) | 23 | 2.1.4 | Tamangish | 1 | Hari 71a ThVo | SIL-Thak | 6.B.2.13.1 | 0 | |
| 167721 | 5440,5440,5440 | 146 | tup⪤tip⪤tum | wrap up and tie | *Lolo-Burmese | 42 | 6.1 | Lolo-Burmese | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 23 | 0 | |
| 287344 | 5440 | 207 | thɔp⁵⁵ | wrap | Achang (Luxi) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Dai 85 AcJZ | JZ-Achang | 0 | ||
| 164635 | 5440 | 383 | tʻuṁ⁴ | knot (the hair) | v. | Burmese (Modern) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Luce 85 | GHL-PPB | V.55 | 0 |
| 403372 | 5440 | 1823 | thoʔ⁴ | wrap | v | Burmese (Rangoon) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1142.27 | 0 |
| 213817 | 5440 | 1428 | thoʔ⁴⁴ | wrap | Burmese (Spoken Rangoon) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 663.40 | 0 | |
| 213791 | 5440 | 411 | htup | wrap | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 663.39 | 0 | |
| 32000 | 5440 | 401 | thûm | tie in knot | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Matisoff 74 TJLB | JAM-TJLB | 180 | 0 | |
| 439536 | 5440 | 406 | thûṁ | tie in a knot | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Benedict 76 WBur | PKB-WBRD | 0 | ||
| 438015 | 5440 | 406 | thup | wrap up | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Benedict 76 WBur | PKB-WBRD | 0 | ||
| 253448 | 5440,m | 392 | thup-rac | wrap | v | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | |
| 403371 | 5440 | 1822 | thup⁴ | wrap | v | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1142.26 | 0 |
| 439537 | p,5440 | 406 | ə-thûṁ | knot | n. | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Benedict 76 WBur | PKB-WBRD | 0 | |
| 32001 | p,5440 | 401 | ʔə◦thûm | knot | n. | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Matisoff 74 TJLB | JAM-TJLB | 180 | 0 |
| 453017 | 5440 | 1965 | thouʔ | wrap | Marma | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huziwara 08 Sak | HK-Sak | 215-1 | 0 | |
| 403382 | 5440 | 1834 | thə̱³³ | wrap | v | Yi (Nanhua) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1142.37 | 0 |
| 213809 | 5440 | 1664 | thɯ̱²¹ | wrap | Yi (Nanhua) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 663.24 | 0 | |
| 213783 | 5440 | 1666 | thy³³ | wrap | Yi (Nanjian) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 663.23 | 0 | |
| 403381 | 5440 | 1833 | thy̱³³ | wrap | v | Yi (Weishan) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1142.36 | 0 |
| 403380 | 5440 | 1832 | the³³ | wrap | v | Yi (Xide) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1142.35 | 0 |
| 213782 | 5440 | 1670 | the³³ | wrap | Yi (Xide) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 663.21 | 0 | |
| 301314 | 5440 | 700 | thœ⁴² | wrap | Jinuo (Youle) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Gai 86 | JZ-Jinuo | 0 | ||
| 403389 | 5440 | 1842 | thœ⁴² | wrap | v | Jinuo | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1142.44 | 0 |
| 403388 | 5440 | 1841 | thi⁵⁴ | wrap | v | Lahu (Lancang) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1142.43 | 0 |
| 33062 | 5440 | 839 | thîʔ | wrap and tie up / make a packet | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 23 | 0 | |
| 213788 | 5440 | 851 | thi⁵⁴ | wrap | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 663.33 | 0 | |
| 302562 | 5440 | 856 | thi⁶ | wrap | Lahu (Yellow) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Chang 86 | JZ-Lahu | 0 | ||
| 286565 | 5440,m,m,5440 | 943 | (htē⁵ lē³ bē³) htē⁵ | tie (a knot) | v. | Lisu (Central) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Fraser 22 | JF-HLL | 0 | |
| 33065 | 5440 | 930 | htē2 | wrap up and tie | Lisu | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 23 | 0 | |
| 286772 | 5440 | 943 | htē² | wrap | v. | Lisu (Central) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Fraser 22 | JF-HLL | 0 | |
| 164637 | 5440 | 950 | htē⁵ | knot (the hair) | v. | Lisu (Theng-yüeh) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Luce 85 | GHL-PPB | V.55 | 0 |
| 285672 | 5440,m,m | 943 | htē⁵-lē⁵-bē³ | knot (in string) | n. | Lisu (Central) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Fraser 22 | JF-HLL | 0 | |
| 403385 | 5440 | 1838 | the³⁵ | wrap | v | Lisu | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1142.40 | 0 |
| 213785 | 5440 | 942 | the³⁵ | wrap | Lisu | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 663.27 | 0 | |
| 280923 | 5440 | 946 | thø³⁵ | wrap; include | V | Lisu (Northern) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 94 Lisu | DB-Lisu | 0 | |
| 164636 | 5440 | 949 | tʻü⁵ | knot (the hair) | v. | Lisu (Putao) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Luce 85 | GHL-PPB | V.55 | 0 |
| 41957 | 385,5440 | 945 | u⁵⁵ thɯ⁵⁵ | wrap the head | Lisu (Luquan) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Xu 86 Lisu | JZ-Lisu | p.108 | 0 | |
| 41963 | 385,5440 | 951 | vu⁵⁵ ʈhɯ³⁵ | wrap the head | Lisu (Yongsheng) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Xu 86 Lisu | JZ-Lisu | p.108 | 0 | |
| 279247 | 385,5440 | 946 | ɔ⁵⁵thɯ³⁵ | headdress (cloth to wrap up head) | Lisu (Northern) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 94 Lisu | DB-Lisu | 0 | ||
| 33064 | 5440 | 234 | taw HS| | wrap around and tie | Akha | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 23 | 0 | |
| 31478 | 5440 | 233 | tawˆ | wrap up | Akha | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 74 TJLB | JAM-TJLB | 347 | 0 | |
| 33066 | 5440 | 631 | to 33c | wrap up and tie | Hani (Hu T’an) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 23 | 0 | |
| 213787 | 5440 | 510 | to̱³³ | wrap | Hani (Dazhai) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 663.31 | 0 | |
| 403386 | 5440 | 1839 | to̱³³ | wrap | v | Hani (Lüchun) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1142.41 | 0 |
| 300377 | 5440 | 630 | tø̱³³ | wrap | Hani (Gelanghe) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Li Yongsui 86 Hani | JZ-Hani | 0 | ||
| 33068 | 5440 | 1118 | theʔ3 | wrap up and tie | Mpi | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 23 | 0 | |
| 435341 | 5440 | 1120 | theʔ³ | wrap | v. | Mpi | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Srinuan 76 | SD-MPD | 0 | |
| 33067 | 5440 | 1635 | tʻu 55| | wrap up and tie | Woni | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 23 | 0 | |
| 520641 | m,5440 | 2018 | jɛ⁵⁵tʰɯ³³ | head-wrap | Southern Muji | 75 | 6.1.2.4 | Southeastern Loloish | 1 | Pelkey 11 Phula | JP-CPL | 443 | 0 | |
| 519728 | 5440 | 2017 | tʌ⁵⁵ | tie; bind | Phuza | 75 | 6.1.2.4 | Southeastern Loloish | 1 | Pelkey 11 Phula | JP-CPL | 730 | 0 | |
| 519729 | 5440,m | 2017 | tʌ⁵⁵kʰɛ³¹ | tie into a bundle | Phuza | 75 | 6.1.2.4 | Southeastern Loloish | 1 | Pelkey 11 Phula | JP-CPL | 731 | 0 | |
| 517126 | 5440,5440 | 1999 | tʰu˧tʰu˧˥ | wrap, pack (reduplicated) | v. | Laze (Xiangjiao) | 43 | 6.2 | Naxi | 1 | Michaud 06 NaLaze | AM-NaLaze1 | 2386 | 0 |
| 517125 | 5440 | 1999 | tʰu˧˥ | wrap, pack | v. | Laze (Xiangjiao) | 43 | 6.2 | Naxi | 1 | Michaud 06 NaLaze | AM-NaLaze1 | 2385 | 0 |
縶 OC *ti̯əp, GSR #685f ‘rope, tether, bind’; Schuessler 2007:616 *trəp; B & S 2011: *t‹r›ip; Mand. zhí.
蠶 OC *dzəm, GSR #660i ‘silkworm’; Coblin 86:138 ST *sdom > PC *sdəm > OC *dzəm; Schuessler 2007:175 *dzə̂m; B & S 2011: *C.dzˁəm {C.dzˁ[ə]m}; Mand. cán.
蔪 OC *dz’i̯ɑm, GSR #611h ‘entwined (of vegetation)’; Coblin 86:43 ST *sdjam > PC *sdjamx > OC *dzjamx; Schuessler 2007: 305 *dzamʔ; B & S 2011: (*dzamʔ); Mand. jiàn.
纏 OC *d’i̯ɑn, GSR #204c ‘bind, wind’; B & S 2011: *dran {[d]ra[n]}; Mand. chán. (from #313)