STEDT Etymon #5382
#5382 PTB *dz(y)ay-s QUOTATIVE PARTICLE |
The final *‑s is attested both in WT and rGyalrongic.
This particle is evidently a grammaticalization of a full verb meaning ‘speak’. Loloish seems to have differentiated these two senses, leading to a doublet džay²/¹ ‘quotative particle’ and dze² ‘speak’.
| rn | analysis | lgid | reflex | gloss | gfn | language | grpid | grpno | grp | genetic | citation | srcabbr | srcid | rn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 514932 | 5382 | 2012 | dz(y)ay-|s | quotative particle | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Matisoff 03 HPTB | JAM-HPTB | 589 | 0 | |
| 30432 | 5382,5382 | 177 | dʒay ⪤ tʃay | quotative particle | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Matisoff 85 GSTC | JAM-GSTC | 104 | 0 | |
| 126414 | 5382 | 319 | dzø³⁵ | speak | v | Baima | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Sun H 91 Baim | SHK-BaimaQ | 3.8.1 | 0 |
| 249363 | 5382 | 1564 | ces | so (like that) | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 29825 | 5382 | 1569 | c̀es | so, thus | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Matisoff 85 GSTC | JAM-GSTC | 104 | 1 | |
| 143986 | 5382 | 115 | ɟe- | speak | v. | *Dum-Thu-Kha | 77 | 2.3.3 | Central Kiranti | 1 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 165 | 0 |
| 143987 | 5382 | 544 | dzeː- | speak, to talk | v. | Dumi | 77 | 2.3.3 | Central Kiranti | 1 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 165 | 0 |
| 143988 | 5382 | 544 | dzeːt- | call, to address, to speak | v. | Dumi | 77 | 2.3.3 | Central Kiranti | 1 | Michailovsky 91 Kr | BM-PK7 | 165 | 0 |
| 72658 | 5382 | 547 | dzeː◦nɨ | speak, talk. | Dumi | 77 | 2.3.3 | Central Kiranti | 1 | Driem 93 Dumi | SVD-Dum | 0 | ||
| 472806 | 5382 | 1970 | tshji̱j (tshjij) | speak, talk, say | Tangut [Xixia] | 33 | 3.1 | Tangut | 1 | Li 97 Tangut | LFW1997 | 5612 | 0 | |
| 42805 | 5382 | 1304 | tʃə¹³ | speak | Pumi (Qinghua) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Lu 83 Pumi | JZ-Pumi | 0 | ||
| 207760 | 5382 | 1306 | tʃə⁵⁵ | say / speak | Pumi (Qinghua) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 545.11 | 0 | |
| 42953 | 5382 | 1307 | tɕɨ³⁵ | speak | Pumi (Taoba) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Lu 83 Pumi | JZ-Pumi | 0 | ||
| 207784 | 5382 | 1309 | tɕɨ³⁵ | say / speak | Pumi (Taoba) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 545.10 | 0 | |
| 426456 | 5382 | 1852 | dʑɛ | speak | v. | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1649.08 | 0 |
| 43242 | 5382 | 1321 | dʑi²³¹ | speak | Qiang (Taoping) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 81 Qia | JZ-Qiang | 0 | ||
| 207759 | 5382 | 1323 | dʑi²⁴¹ | say / speak | Qiang (Taoping) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 545.9 | 0 | |
| 18012 | 5382 | 1325 | dʑe | speak | Qiang (Yadu) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Dai 89 Qian | DQ-QiangN | 2263 | 0 | |
| 566872 | p,5382 | 2165 | 'ka◦tsə | say | v | rGyalrong (Lixian Xinglong Kechun) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 557704 | m,5382 | 2145 | də³tsəs³ | say | v | rGyalrong (Jinchuan Cengda) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 576809 | p,5382 | 2184 | ka-ʦəs | speak | v | rGyalrong (Maerkang Soman) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0901 | 0 |
| 576811 | p,5382 | 2184 | ka-ʦəs | say | v | rGyalrong (Maerkang Soman) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 586452 | p,5382 | 2166 | ka-ʦɿ | say | v | rGyalrong (Lixian Xuecheng Jiamizhai) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 548654 | p,5382 | 2120 | ka22tsɨ44 | say | v | rGyalrong (Baoxing Qiaoqi Leilecun Duoguozu) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 566462 | p,5382 | 2164 | ka³tsə⁵³ | say | v | rGyalrong (Lixian Xiameng Xiaogoucun) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 566049 | p,5382 | 2163 | ka⁵tsə⁵ | speak | v | rGyalrong (Lixian Shangmeng Rajipu) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0901 | 0 |
| 566050 | p,5382 | 2163 | ka⁵tsə⁵ | say | v | rGyalrong (Lixian Shangmeng Rajipu) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 582253 | p,m,p,5382 | 2196 | ka◦'rju / ka◦'tsis | say | v | rGyalrong (Xiaojin Jiesi) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 555233 | p,5382 | 2139 | ka◦'tse | say | v | rGyalrong (Ganzi Seda Geletuo Naoluocun) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 572220 | p,5382 | 2174 | ka◦'tsi | say | v | rGyalrong (Maerkang Dangba Geerda) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 564806 | p,5382 | 2160 | ka◦'tsə | speak | v | rGyalrong (Lixian Jiabi) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0901 | 0 |
| 564807 | p,5382 | 2160 | ka◦'tsə | say | v | rGyalrong (Lixian Jiabi) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 565222 | p,5382 | 2161 | ka◦'tsə | say | v | rGyalrong (Lixian Miyalo) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 565636 | p,5382 | 2162 | ka◦'tsə | say | v | rGyalrong (Lixian Putou) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 556883 | p,5382 | 2143 | ka◦'tsəs | say | v | rGyalrong (Hongyuan Rangkou Jiadang) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 576074 | p,5382 | 2183 | ka◦'tsəs | say | v | rGyalrong (Maerkang Soman Seermi) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 580594 | p,5382 | 2192 | ka◦'tsəs | say | v | rGyalrong (Xiaojin Bajiao) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 581009 | p,5382 | 2193 | ka◦'tsəs | say | v | rGyalrong (Xiaojin Dawei) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 582671 | p,5382 | 2197 | ka◦'tsəs | say | v | rGyalrong (Xiaojin Mupo) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 574836 | p,5382 | 2180 | ka◦'tsʰə | say | v | rGyalrong (Maerkang Kangshan) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 575652 | p,5382 | 2182 | ka◦'tsʰə | say | v | rGyalrong (Maerkang Ribu) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 570587 | p,5382 | 2172 | ka◦'zə | say | v | rGyalrong (Maerkang Caodeng (A)) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 574419 | p,5382 | 2178 | ka◦tçʲɛ | say | v | rGyalrong (Maerkang Jiamuzu Konglong) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 567275 | p,5382 | 2167 | ka◦tsa | say | v | rGyalrong (Maerkang Baiwan Muerji) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 168693 | p,5382 | 618 | ka◦tsʰə | speak | v | rGyalrong (NW) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Sun H 91 rNW | SHK-rGNWQ | 3.8.1 | 0 |
| 583075 | p,5382 | 2198 | ka◦ˈtsʊ | say | v | rGyalrong (Xiaojin Rilong) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 560308 | p,5382 | 2149 | ko³tsəs⁵ | say | v | rGyalrong (Jinchuan Hedong) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 583900 | m,5382 | 2200 | kwe◦'tsəs | say | v | rGyalrong (Xiaojin Zhailong) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 571309 | p,5382 | 2173 | kǝ55 tsɨ44 | say | v | rGyalrong (Maerkang Caodeng (B)) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 562378 | p,5382 | 2154 | kə◦'tsəs | say | v | rGyalrong (Jinchuan Maori Maori) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 608028 | p,5382 | 2170 | kɐ22 ʧis44 | say | v | rGyalrong (Maerkang Bola (B)) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 331790 | p,5382 | 1797 | kɐ́-tsə | say; speak | Caodeng | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Sun J 97 Cao | JS-Caodeng | 0 | ||
| 332007 | p,5382 | 1797 | kɐ́-tsə | speak | Caodeng | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Sun J 97 Cao | JS-Caodeng | 0 | ||
| 569677 | m,5382 | 2169 | nə44 tɕəs24 | say | v | rGyalrong (Maerkang Bola (A)) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 548653 | p,m,p,5382 | 2120 | ta44mi44 ka22tsɨ44 | speak | v | rGyalrong (Baoxing Qiaoqi Leilecun Duoguozu) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0901 | 0 |
| 549079 | p,m,p,5382 | 2121 | ta◦mi◦'ka◦tsə | speak | v | rGyalrong (Baoxing Qiaoqi Yuojie) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0901 | 0 |
| 582670 | p,m,p,5382 | 2197 | ta◦mi◦'ka◦tsə | speak | v | rGyalrong (Xiaojin Mupo) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0901 | 0 |
| 553587 | p,m,m,5382 | 2135 | ta◦mi◦'na◦tsəs | speak | v | rGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Taipingqiao) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0901 | 0 |
| 583899 | p,m,p,5382 | 2200 | ta◦mi◦ka◦'tsəs | speak | v | rGyalrong (Xiaojin Zhailong) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0901 | 0 |
| 550663 | p,5382,m | 2124 | to3'tsə5sej1 | say | v | rGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Badi) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 581838 | p,5382 | 2195 | to◦'tsis | say | v | rGyalrong (Xiaojin Hanniu) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 557295 | m,p,5382 | 2144 | tərjo◦'ka◦tsə | speak | v | rGyalrong (Hongyuan Shuajinsi Selong) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0901 | 0 |
| 561962 | p,m,m,5382 | 2153 | tə³mə⁵də³tsəs³ | speak | v | rGyalrong (Jinchuan Manai Genza) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0901 | 0 |
| 579773 | p,5382 | 2190 | tə◦'tsi | say | v | rGyalrong (Rangtang Shili Erguowucun) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 583487 | m,5382 | 2199 | ŋa◦'tsəs | say | v | rGyalrong (Xiaojin Xingge) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 581423 | m,5382 | 2194 | ŋa◦'tsəs | say | v | rGyalrong (Xiaojin Fubian) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0904 | 0 |
| 549636 | m,5382,m,m | 2122 | ˊko tsəs / ˊko rju | speak | v | rGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Badi Munashan) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Nagano 2013 rGyDB | YN-RGLD | 0901 | 0 |
| 514931 | 5382 | 2011 | džay²/¹| | quotative particle | *Lolo-Burmese | 42 | 6.1 | Lolo-Burmese | 1 | Matisoff 03 HPTB | JAM-HPTB | 589 | 0 | |
| 30433 | 5382 | 141 | dʒay¹/²| | quotative particle | *Lolo-Burmese | 42 | 6.1 | Lolo-Burmese | 1 | Matisoff 85 GSTC | JAM-GSTC | 104 | 0 | |
| 11006 | 5382 | 152 | dze² | speak | *Loloish | 45 | 6.1.2 | Loloish | 1 | Bradley 79 PLo | DB-PLolo | 663B | 0 | |
| 12233 | 5382 | 152 | jay¹/²|/³| | quotative | *Loloish | 45 | 6.1.2 | Loloish | 1 | Bradley 79 PLo | DB-PLolo | 861 | 0 | |
| 42717 | 5382 | 1217 | dʑɑ⁵³ | say | Nusu (Central) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Sun J 86 Nusu | JZ-Nusu | 0 | ||
| 16403 | m,5382 | 1216 | tu³¹ dʐa̱⁵³ | speak | Nusu (Central) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Dai 89 NusB | DQ-NusuB | 2263. | 0 | |
| 16157 | m,5382 | 1218 | tu³¹ dʑa̱³¹ | speak | Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Dai 89 NusA | DQ-NusuA | 2263. | 0 | |
| 426482 | m,5382 | 1831 | tu³¹dʐa̱⁵³ | speak | v. | Nusu (Central) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1649.34 | 0 |
| 461583 | 5382 | 1962 | ʥɿ⁵⁵ | say; speak | Yi (Liangshan) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Ma 08 Yi | SIL-Nuosu | index | 0 | |
| 29822 | 5382 | 833 | cê | quotative prt. | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 85 GSTC | JAM-GSTC | 104 | 0 | |
| 135713 | 5382 | 244 | dja | say | Akha (Yunnan) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Hansson 89 AHKP | ILH-PL | 197 | 0 | |
| 29824 | 5382 | 230 | djé | quotative particle | Akha | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 85 GSTC | JAM-GSTC | 104 | 0 | |
| 29823 | 5382 | 230 | je⁵⁵ | quotative particle | Akha | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 85 GSTC | JAM-GSTC | 104 | 0 | |
| 518432 | 5382 | 2016 | ʣɨ³³ | speak | Phola | 75 | 6.1.2.4 | Southeastern Loloish | 1 | Pelkey 11 Phula | JP-CPL | 617 | 0 | |
| 518426 | 5382 | 2016 | ʣɨ̠²³ | say | Phola | 75 | 6.1.2.4 | Southeastern Loloish | 1 | Pelkey 11 Phula | JP-CPL | 612 | 0 |