STEDT Etymon #525

This root is abundantly attested in Lolo-Burmese and in Qiangic. It is reconstructed as PLB *ʔkyak in LTSR #58, with the meaning ROPE/STRING; LTSR also tentatively assigns several forms for NAVEL to this etymon.

There are two Chinese candidates for relationship to this etymon: 弋 *di̯ək/i̯ək, GSR #918a-b ‘shoot with arrow with string attached; such an arrow’ ⪤ 繳 OC *t̑i̯ak/tśi̯ak, GSR #1258e [OC form not cited in GSR] ‘string attached to arrow’. STC (p. 176) attempts to relate these Chinese words to PTB *b‑la ‘arrow’ [STC #449], via a hypothetical intermediate form **pli̯ak. I consider this to be far-fetched phonologically and unsatisfying semantically. The semantic association between an umbilical cord and an arrow with string attached is irresistible. The metaphor is still alive today, e.g. in spacecraft, where the lifeline attaching a space-walking astronaut to the mother ship is commonly called an umbilical cord. For more discussion of these Chinese words, see ZJH’s note below.

See HPTB, pp. 318, 319.

rn	analysis	lgid	reflex	gloss	gfn	language	grpid	grpno	grp	genetic	citation	srcabbr	srcid	rn
48470	p,525,m	660	i◦ci-be	navel		Idu	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Anonymous 62 Idu	NEFA-PBI		0
35652	p,525,m	659	i◦ci◦bɤ	navel		Idu	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Pulu 78	JP-Idu		0
166283	525,517	906	cha◦la	navel		Liangmei	64	1.3.3	Zeme Group	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
10534	525,529	1040	cə◦niŋ	navel		Meithei	13	1.4	Meithei	1	Singh 91 MeiQ	CYS-Meithei	5.7.1	0
129767	2102,525	1135	vi³³tsʰa⁵³	navel		Muya [Minyak]	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Sun H 91 MuyQ	SHK-MuyaQ	5.7.1	0
349984	2103,525	1852	pu ʂu̥	navel	n	Qiang (Mawo)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0097.08	0
37469	2103,525	1316	pu◦ʂ	navel		Qiang (Mawo)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Sun J 86 Mawo	JS-Mawo		1
129235	2103,525	1319	pʌ◦tʃə̥	navel		Qiang (Mawo)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Sun H 91 MawQ	SHK-MawoQ	5.7.1	0
17864	2103,525	1325	pu◦tʂu̥	navel		Qiang (Yadu)	34	3.2	Qiangic	1	Dai 89 Qian	DQ-QiangN	123	0
128671	2102,525	560	vəu¹³ tʰya³³	umbilical cord		Ergong (Northern)	35	3.3	rGyalrongic	1	Sun H 91 ErNQ	SHK-ErgNQ	10.4.12	0
128493	2102,525	560	vəu⁵³ tʰya¹³	navel		Ergong (Northern)	35	3.3	rGyalrongic	1	Sun H 91 ErNQ	SHK-ErgNQ	5.7.1	0
129599	2102,525	558	wɯ tɕʰi	navel		Ergong (Danba)	35	3.3	rGyalrongic	1	Sun H 91 ErDQ	SHK-ErgDQ	5.7.1	0
130143	164,525	616	pok tʃʰu	navel		rGyalrong (Eastern)	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Sun H 91 rEQ	SHK-rGEQ	5.7.1	0
130458	164,525	617	təpo tɕʰak	navel		rGyalrong (Northern)	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Sun H 91 rNQ	SHK-rGNQ	5.7.1	0
14032	164,525	606	təpok tɕʰu	navel		rGyalrong	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Dai 89 Jiar	DQ-Jiarong	5.7.1	0
130617	164,525	617	təpu cçʰak	umbilical cord		rGyalrong (Northern)	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Sun H 91 rNQ	SHK-rGNQ	10.4.12	0
130946	p,2102,525	618	tə◦wu tɕʰak	umbilical cord		rGyalrong (NW)	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Sun H 91 rNW	SHK-rGNWQ	10.4.12	0
130778	p,2102,525	618	tə◦ɣ tɕʰak	navel		rGyalrong (NW)	78	3.3.1	rGyalrong	1	Sun H 91 rNW	SHK-rGNWQ	5.7.1	0
30903	525	143	kyakᴴ, ʔkyakᴴ\|	navel		*Lolo-Burmese	42	6.1	Lolo-Burmese	1	Matisoff 78 MLBM	JAM-MLBM	75	0
515277	525	2011	ʔ-\|kyakᴴ	rope / cord / navel		*Lolo-Burmese	42	6.1	Lolo-Burmese	1	Matisoff 03 HPTB	JAM-HPTB	598	0
167764	525	146	ʔklak	rope / string		*Lolo-Burmese	42	6.1	Lolo-Burmese	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	58	0
167679	525	146	ʔkyak	rope / string		*Lolo-Burmese	42	6.1	Lolo-Burmese	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	58	0
311379	525	146	ʔkyak	rope / string / navel		*Lolo-Burmese	42	6.1	Lolo-Burmese	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	58	0
35214	525	113	khyak	navel		*Burmese	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Okell 71	JO-PB		0
38573	525	201	tshɑʔ⁵⁵	navel		Achang (Lianghe)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Dai 85 AcJZ	JZ-Achang		0
38432	525,m	204	tɕhi³¹ tɔt⁵⁵	navel		Achang (Longchuan)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Dai 85 AcJZ	JZ-Achang		0
350004	525,m	1824	tɕhi³¹tɔt⁵⁵	navel	n	Achang (Longchuan)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0097.28	0
38710	525	207	tɕha⁵¹	navel		Achang (Luxi)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Dai 85 AcJZ	JZ-Achang		0
350005	525,3447	1825	tʂhɔʔ⁵⁵thoŋ³¹	navel	n	Achang (Xiandao)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0097.29	0
17385	525,3447	209	tʂʰɔʔ⁵⁵ tʰoŋ³¹	navel		Achang (Xiandao)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Dai 89 Xian	DQ-Xiandao	120	0
17409	525,3447	209	tʂʰɔʔ⁵⁵ tʰoŋ³¹	umbilical cord		Achang (Xiandao)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Dai 89 Xian	DQ-Xiandao	145	0
34671	525	290	hco'	navel		Arakanese	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Okell 71	JO-PB		0
350008	525	1829	tʃhaʔ⁵⁵	navel	n	Bola (Luxi)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0097.32	0
13137	525	370	tʃʰaʔ⁵⁵	navel		Bola	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Dai 89 Bola	DQ-Bola	120	0
13162	525	370	tʃʰaʔ⁵⁵	umbilical cord		Bola	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Dai 89 Bola	DQ-Bola	145	0
164686	525	383	kʻyak	navel		Burmese (Modern)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	V.118	0
34669	525	387	hce'	navel		Burmese (Standard Spoken)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Okell 71	JO-PB		0
166296	525	392	khyak	navel		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL		0
117687	525	396	khyak	navel		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
30754	525	399	khyak	navel		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Matisoff 78 MLBM	JAM-MLBM	75	0
34670	525	404	khyak	navel		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Okell 71	JO-PB		0
437202	525	406	khyak	navel		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Benedict 76 WBur	PKB-WBRD		0
117729	525,m	396	khyak-krûi	umbilical cord		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
164685	525	393	kʻyak	navel		Burmese (Written)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	V.118	0
234075	525,m,525,m	653	shɛ̀ʔ shú, shɛ̀◦əshú	navel		Hpun (Northern)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Henderson 86 Hpun	EJAH-Hpun		0
34672	525	663	hye'	navel		Intha	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Okell 71	JO-PB		0
350007	525	1828	tʃhɔʔ⁵⁵	navel	n	Langsu (Luxi)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0097.31	0
15549	525	886	tʃhɔʔ⁵⁵	navel		Lashi	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Dai 89 Lash	DQ-Lashi	5.7.1	0
350009	525	1830	tʃhɔʔ⁵⁵	navel	n	Leqi (Luxi)	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0097.33	0
452543	525	1965	khyaʔ	navel		Marma	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huziwara 08 Sak	HK-Sak	39	0
34674	525	1029	chó'	navel		Maru [Langsu]	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Okell 71	JO-PB		0
15295	525	1024	tʃhɔʔ⁵⁵	navel		Maru [Langsu]	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Dai 89 Lang	DQ-Langsu	5.7.1	0
34673	525	1503	hyi'	navel		Tavoyan	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Okell 71	JO-PB		0
44063	525	1686	tʃhoʔ⁵⁵	navel		Atsi [Zaiwa]	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Xu 84 Zaiwa	JZ-Zaiwa		0
350006	525	1827	tʃhoʔ⁵⁵	navel	n	Atsi [Zaiwa]	44	6.1.1	Burmish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0097.30	0
11217	525	152	(C-\|k)yakᴴ\|	navel		*Loloish	45	6.1.2	Loloish	1	Bradley 79 PLo	DB-PLolo	120A	0
15790	525,520	958	tshe̱⁴⁴ dv̩³¹	navel		Lolopho	45	6.1.2	Loloish	1	Dai 89 Lolo	DQ-Lolopho	5.7.1	0
496013	520,525,m	1980	tv²⁴tsʰɿ²⁴ʑɛ³¹	navel		Gazhuo	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Mu 03 Gazhuo	MS-Gazhuo		0
350023	520,525,m	1845	tv³⁵tshɿ³⁵jɛ³²³	navel	n	Gazhuo	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0097.47	0
13810	520,525,m	584	tv̩³⁵ tshɿ³⁵ jɛ³²³	navel		Gazhuo	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Dai 89 Gazh	DQ-Gazhuo	5.7.1	0
292430	m,525	879	hí-tshí	rope		Lalo	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Björverud 94	SB-Lalo		0
9446	m,m,525	878	tɕʰi³³ pɑ³³ tʂɑ³³	umbilical cord		Lalo	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Chen 86 Yi	CK-YiQ	10.4.12	0
9358	525,m,520	878	tɕʰi̱³³ mɑ³³ du̪²¹	navel		Lalo	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Chen 86 Yi	CK-YiQ	5.7.1	0
9353	m,m,525	878	ʂɑ⁵⁵ ku̪⁵⁵ tʂɑ³³	backbone / spine		Lalo	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Chen 86 Yi	CK-YiQ	5.5.4	2
296380	525,520	904	tshe⁵⁵du²¹	navel		Lipho	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Chen 86 Yi	CK-YiQ	5.7.1	0
33236	525	972	tʂa 22s\|	rope / string		Luquan	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	58	0
9564	525,m,520	1148	tsʰa̱²¹ bi²¹ du³³	navel		Nasu	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Chen 86 Yi	CK-YiQ	5.7.1	0
33237	525	1152	tʂa 32s\|	rope / string		Nasu	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	58	0
9665	525	1148	tʂʰa̱²¹	umbilical cord		Nasu	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Chen 86 Yi	CK-YiQ	10.4.12	0
9773	525,m,520	1164	tsʰɿ³³ bi²¹ tu⁵⁵	navel		Nesu	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Chen 86 Yi	CK-YiQ	5.7.1	0
284299	525,m,520	1193	tʂha³³bi²¹du³³	navel		Noesu	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Chen 86 Yi	CK-YiQ	5.7.1	0
283629	525,m,519	1194	tɕho̱²¹bu²¹di³³	navel		Nosu	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Chen 86 Yi	CK-YiQ	5.7.1	0
15963	525	1218	tsʰɛ̱³¹	navel		Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Dai 89 NusA	DQ-NusuA	120.	0
15987	525	1218	tsʰɛ̱¹	umbilical cord		Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Dai 89 NusA	DQ-NusuA	145.	0
229910	m,525	1215	tɕhi⁵⁵tɕhɑ³¹	self		Nusu (Bijiang)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	979.45	0
350010	525	1831	tʂha̱⁵³	navel	n	Nusu (Central)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0097.34	0
16216	525	1216	tʂʰa̱⁵³	navel		Nusu (Central)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Dai 89 NusB	DQ-NusuB	120.	0
16235	525	1216	tʂʰa̱⁵³	umbilical cord		Nusu (Central)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Dai 89 NusB	DQ-NusuB	145.	0
201517	525	1658	tsa³³	rope		Yi (Dafang)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	422.22	0
463436	525	1962	ʨhɔ³³	navel; umbilical cord		Yi (Liangshan)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Ma 08 Yi	SIL-Nuosu	index	0
463437	525,m,519	1962	ʨhɔ³³bu²¹di³³	navel		Yi (Liangshan)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Ma 08 Yi	SIL-Nuosu	index	0
201493	m,525	1662	ni̱⁵⁵tɕe̱³³	rope		Yi (Mile)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	422.25	0
201519	525	1663	tɕe̱³³	rope		Yi (Mojiang)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	422.26	0
350013	525,m,520	1834	tɕhe̱³³me̱²¹du²¹	navel	n	Yi (Nanhua)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0097.37	0
201518	525,m	1664	tʂᴀ̱³³vɛ̱²¹	rope		Yi (Nanhua)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	422.24	0
201492	m,525	1666	pɑ³³tɕe³³	rope		Yi (Nanjian)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	422.23	0
350012	525,m,520	1833	tʂhɿ̄³³mɑ³³du²¹	navel	n	Yi (Weishan)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0097.36	0
350014	525,m,520	1835	tʂhɑ̱⁴bi̱²dv̩³³	navel	n	Yi (Wuding)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0097.38	0
350011	525,m,519	1832	tɕhɔ³³bu²¹di³³	navel	n	Yi (Xide)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0097.35	0
9970	525,m,519	1667	tɕʰɔ³³-bu²¹-di³³	navel		Yi (Xide)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Chen 79 YiCh	CSL-YIzd		0
33232	525	214	tše 44\|	rope / string		Ahi	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	58	0
284091	525,m,520,m	210	tɕhe̱³³bu²¹dɯ⁵⁵lɯ⁵⁵	navel		Ahi	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Chen 86 Yi	CK-YiQ	5.7.1	0
47423	525,m,520,m	216	tʂʻi̱²¹ bu̱²¹ dɯ⁵⁵ lɯ⁵⁵	navel		Ahi	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Luo 90	LMZ-AhiQ	5.7.1	0
350020	525,520	1842	tʃha⁴²to⁴⁴	navel	n	Jinuo	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0097.44	0
14195	525,520	698	tʃʰa³¹ to⁴⁴	navel		Jinuo (Baya/Banai)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Dai 89 JinA	DQ-JinA	123	0
14222	525,520	698	tʃʰa³¹ to⁴⁴	umbilical cord		Jinuo (Baya/Banai)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Dai 89 JinA	DQ-JinA	148	0
14223	525,520,m	698	tʃʰa³¹ to⁴⁴ lo⁴⁴	umbilical cord		Jinuo (Baya/Banai)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Dai 89 JinA	DQ-JinA	148.1	0
41025	525,520,m	700	tʃʰɑ⁴² to⁴⁴ lo⁴⁴	navel		Jinuo (Youle)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Gai 86	JZ-Jinuo		0
33230	525	839	câʔ	rope / string		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	58	0
117730	137,137,520,525	831	g̈û(~g̈ɔ̂)-tu-câʔ	umbilical cord		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 88 DL	JAM-DL	1138	0
41528	p,535,525	850	ɔ³¹ kv̩⁵³ tsaʔ⁵⁴	muscle		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Chang 86	JZ-Lahu		0
118031	5450,535,525	832	ɔ̀-ku-câʔ	blood vessel / vein / artery		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
118120	5450,535,525	832	ɔ̀-ku-câʔ	muscle		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
118100	5450,535,525	832	ɔ̀-ku-câʔ	sinew / tendon		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
145081	5450,1629,525	831	ɔ̀-pi-câʔ	strap; sash; belt	n.	Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 88 DL	JAM-DL	p. 817	0
117731	137,520,1019,525	831	ɣû-tu-šī-câʔ	umbilical cord		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 88 DL	JAM-DL	1129	0
302300	525,372	856	tsa⁶khɛ¹	rope		Lahu (Yellow)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Chang 86	JZ-Lahu		0
41638	p,535,525	856	ɔ³¹ ku³³ tsaʔ⁵⁴	sinew, muscle		Lahu (Yellow)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Chang 86	JZ-Lahu		0
41679	p,535,525	856	ɔ³¹ ku⁵⁵ tsaʔ⁵⁴	muscle		Lahu (Yellow)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Chang 86	JZ-Lahu		0
286296	m,525	943	chi¹-hchya⁵	self		Lisu (Central)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Fraser 22	JF-HLL		0
164687	525,520	949	chʻɛ²du⁵	navel		Lisu (Putao)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	V.118	0
286242	525,m	943	hchi³ ra⁵	rope		Lisu (Central)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Fraser 22	JF-HLL		0
33234	525,m	930	hchi³-ra⁵	rope / string		Lisu	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	58	0
285886	525,520	943	hchya⁴-du⁵	navel	n.	Lisu (Central)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Fraser 22	JF-HLL		0
10759	525,520	923	hchya⁴du⁵	navel		Lisu	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Bradley 79 PLo	DB-PLolo	120A	0
164688	525,520	950	hchya⁴du⁵	navel		Lisu (Theng-yüeh)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Luce 85	GHL-PPB	V.118	0
41826	525,520	947	tʃʰɛ³⁵ du³¹	navel		Lisu (Nujiang)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Xu 86 Lisu	JZ-Lisu		0
279800	525,520	946	tɕhæ³⁵du²¹	navel	N	Lisu (Northern)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Bradley 94 Lisu	DB-Lisu		0
350016	525,520	1838	tɕhɛ³⁵du³¹	navel	n	Lisu	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0097.40	0
276195	m,525	946	tɕi⁵⁵tɕhæ²¹	self; individual	P	Lisu (Northern)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Bradley 94 Lisu	DB-Lisu		0
33233	525	1368	tše 44\|	rope / string		Sani [Nyi]	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	58	0
132001	525,m,520	1379	tɕhe³³bu²¹du⁵⁵	navel		Sani [Nyi]	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Wu 84	YHJC-Sani		0
132095	525,m	1379	tɕhe³³tʂɒ³³	umbilical cord		Sani [Nyi]	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Wu 84	YHJC-Sani		3
283868	525,m,520	1223	tɕhe⁴⁴bu²¹du⁵⁵	navel		Sani [Nyi]	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Chen 86 Yi	CK-YiQ	5.7.1	0
350015	525,m,520,m	1836	tɕhe⁴⁴bv̩¹¹dv̩⁵⁵ɚ⁵⁵	navel	n	Yi (Sani)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0097.39	0
283979	525,m	1223	tɕhe⁴⁴tʂɑ³³	umbilical cord		Sani [Nyi]	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Chen 86 Yi	CK-YiQ	10.4.12	0
17273	525,m	1366	tɕʰe³³ tʂɑ³³	umbilical cord		Sani [Nyi]	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Wu 84	WAH-Sani	233.1	0
137277	p,525,p,525	244	á tjaq / á tsaq	rope		Akha (Yunnan)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Hansson 89 AHKP	ILH-PL	451	0
33231	p,525	234	a-ca H-HS	rope / string		Akha	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	58	0
137276	p,525	243	á◦tjáq	rope, string, cord		Akha (Thai)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Hansson 89 AHKP	ILH-PL	451	0
113776	525,3447	229	caˆ tah˯	navel		Akha	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
117732	525,m,m	229	caˆ uˇ	umbilical cord		Akha	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
118101	34,535,34,525	229	sha˯◦gu˯ sha˯ caˆ	sinew / tendon		Akha	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
134430	525	228	tjaq	rope		Akha	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Hansson 89 AHKP	ILH-PL	451	0
137279	p,525	633	à tjaq	rope		Hani (Lüchun)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Hansson 89 AHKP	ILH-PL	451	0
201496	p,525	510	a⁵⁵tsa̱³³	rope		Hani (Dazhai)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	422.31	0
350017	525,m	1839	tɕha⁵⁵be⁵⁵	navel	n	Hani (Lüchun)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0097.41	0
134433	525	1299	tjhɔ	rope		Hani (Pijo)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Hansson 89 AHKP	ILH-PL	451	0
137281	m,525	1299	tə̀ tjhɔ	rope		Hani (Pijo)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Hansson 89 AHKP	ILH-PL	451	0
300166	p,525	630	a⁵⁵tɕa̱³³	rope		Hani (Gelanghe)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Li Yongsui 86 Hani	JZ-Hani		0
137278	p,525	635	al◦zav	rope		Hani (Wordlist)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Hansson 89 AHKP	ILH-PL	451	0
201522	p,525	1416	a⁵⁵tʃha³³	rope		Hani (Shuikui)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	422.32	0
134432	525	784	tjhɔ	rope		Hani (Khatu)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Hansson 89 AHKP	ILH-PL	451	0
137280	m,525	784	tsỳ tjhɔ	rope		Hani (Khatu)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Hansson 89 AHKP	ILH-PL	451	0
350018	525,m,m,m	1840	tʃha³¹mɔ³³pi³³li³³	navel	n	Hani (Mojiang)	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0097.42	0
30755	525,3447	1117	tɕeʔ⁴-thuŋ²	navel		Mpi	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Matisoff 78 MLBM	JAM-MLBM	75	0
236241	525,3447	1114	tɕeʔ⁴thuŋ²	navel		Mpi	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Bradley 79 PLo	DB-PLolo		0
435918	525,3447	1120	tɕeʔ⁴thuŋ²	navel		Mpi	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Srinuan 76	SD-MPD		0
127507	5450,535,525	1290	ã◦ku³¹ ca	blood vessel / vein / artery		Côông [Phunoi]	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Ferlus 91	MF-PhnQ	8.7.1	0
117690	m,525	1286	mə̆◦chàʔ	navel		Côông [Phunoi]	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
236083	m,525	1284	mə◦chà	navel		Côông [Phunoi]	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Bradley 79 PLo	DB-PLolo		0
16693	m,525	1285	mə◦cʰɑʔ¹¹	navel		Côông [Phunoi]	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Bradley xx Phu	DB-Phunoi		0
172920	525	1618	cɔ̌ʔ	navel		Ugong	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Bradley 93 Ugo	DB-Ugong	5.7.1	0
172921	525,m,525,572	1618	cɔ̌ʔ ʔé̩ŋ/ cɔ̌ʔ khlɪ́	navel lint		Ugong	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Bradley 93 Ugo	DB-Ugong		0
33235	525	1635	tsʻa 33\|	rope / string		Woni	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Matisoff 72 LTSR	JAM-TSR	58	0
518119	525,m	2016	tʂʰɑ³³mɔ̠²³	navel		Phola	75	6.1.2.4	Southeastern Loloish	1	Pelkey 11 Phula	JP-CPL	312	0
516359	525,m	1999	tɕʰɤ˥pu˩	navel		Laze (Xiangjiao)	43	6.2	Naxi	1	Michaud 06 NaLaze	AM-NaLaze1	340	0
20598	525,525	480	t̑i̯ɑk/tśi̯ɑk	string attached to arrow		Chinese (Old/Mid)	53	9.0.1	Old Chinese	0	Chou 72	ACST	1258e	0

analysis

lgid

reflex

gloss

gfn

language

grpid

grpno

grp

genetic

citation

srcabbr

srcid

48470

p,525,m

660

i◦ci-be

navel

Idu

1.1.2

Deng

Anonymous 62 Idu

NEFA-PBI

35652

p,525,m

659

i◦ci◦bɤ

navel

Idu

1.1.2

Deng

Pulu 78

JP-Idu

166283

525,517

906

cha◦la

navel

Liangmei

1.3.3

Zeme Group

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

10534

525,529

1040

cə◦niŋ

navel

Meithei

1.4

Meithei

Singh 91 MeiQ

CYS-Meithei

5.7.1

129767

2102,525

1135

vi³³tsʰa⁵³

navel

Muya [Minyak]

3.2

Qiangic

Sun H 91 MuyQ

SHK-MuyaQ

5.7.1

349984

2103,525

1852

pu ʂu̥

navel

Qiang (Mawo)

3.2

Qiangic

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0097.08

37469

2103,525

1316

pu◦ʂ

navel

Qiang (Mawo)

3.2

Qiangic

Sun J 86 Mawo

JS-Mawo

129235

2103,525

1319

pʌ◦tʃə̥

navel

Qiang (Mawo)

3.2

Qiangic

Sun H 91 MawQ

SHK-MawoQ

5.7.1

17864

2103,525

1325

pu◦tʂu̥

navel

Qiang (Yadu)

3.2

Qiangic

Dai 89 Qian

DQ-QiangN

123

128671

2102,525

560

vəu¹³ tʰya³³

umbilical cord

Ergong (Northern)

3.3

rGyalrongic

Sun H 91 ErNQ

SHK-ErgNQ

10.4.12

128493

2102,525

560

vəu⁵³ tʰya¹³

navel

Ergong (Northern)

3.3

rGyalrongic

Sun H 91 ErNQ

SHK-ErgNQ

5.7.1

129599

2102,525

558

wɯ tɕʰi

navel

Ergong (Danba)

3.3

rGyalrongic

Sun H 91 ErDQ

SHK-ErgDQ

5.7.1

130143

164,525

616

pok tʃʰu

navel

rGyalrong (Eastern)

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Sun H 91 rEQ

SHK-rGEQ

5.7.1

130458

164,525

617

təpo tɕʰak

navel

rGyalrong (Northern)

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Sun H 91 rNQ

SHK-rGNQ

5.7.1

14032

164,525

606

təpok tɕʰu

navel

rGyalrong

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Dai 89 Jiar

DQ-Jiarong

5.7.1

130617

164,525

617

təpu cçʰak

umbilical cord

rGyalrong (Northern)

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Sun H 91 rNQ

SHK-rGNQ

10.4.12

130946

p,2102,525

618

tə◦wu tɕʰak

umbilical cord

rGyalrong (NW)

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Sun H 91 rNW

SHK-rGNWQ

10.4.12

130778

p,2102,525

618

tə◦ɣ tɕʰak

navel

rGyalrong (NW)

3.3.1

rGyalrong

Sun H 91 rNW

SHK-rGNWQ

5.7.1

30903

525

143

kyakᴴ, ʔkyakᴴ|

navel

*Lolo-Burmese

6.1

Lolo-Burmese

Matisoff 78 MLBM

JAM-MLBM

515277

525

2011

ʔ-|kyakᴴ

rope / cord / navel

*Lolo-Burmese

6.1

Lolo-Burmese

Matisoff 03 HPTB

JAM-HPTB

598

167764

525

146

ʔklak

rope / string

*Lolo-Burmese

6.1

Lolo-Burmese

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

167679

525

146

ʔkyak

rope / string

*Lolo-Burmese

6.1

Lolo-Burmese

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

311379

525

146

ʔkyak

rope / string / navel

*Lolo-Burmese

6.1

Lolo-Burmese

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

35214

525

113

khyak

navel

*Burmese

6.1.1

Burmish

Okell 71

JO-PB

38573

525

201

tshɑʔ⁵⁵

navel

Achang (Lianghe)

6.1.1

Burmish

Dai 85 AcJZ

JZ-Achang

38432

525,m

204

tɕhi³¹ tɔt⁵⁵

navel

Achang (Longchuan)

6.1.1

Burmish

Dai 85 AcJZ

JZ-Achang

350004

525,m

1824

tɕhi³¹tɔt⁵⁵

navel

Achang (Longchuan)

6.1.1

Burmish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0097.28

38710

525

207

tɕha⁵¹

navel

Achang (Luxi)

6.1.1

Burmish

Dai 85 AcJZ

JZ-Achang

350005

525,3447

1825

tʂhɔʔ⁵⁵thoŋ³¹

navel

Achang (Xiandao)

6.1.1

Burmish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0097.29

17385

525,3447

209

tʂʰɔʔ⁵⁵ tʰoŋ³¹

navel

Achang (Xiandao)

6.1.1

Burmish

Dai 89 Xian

DQ-Xiandao

120

17409

525,3447

209

tʂʰɔʔ⁵⁵ tʰoŋ³¹

umbilical cord

Achang (Xiandao)

6.1.1

Burmish

Dai 89 Xian

DQ-Xiandao

145

34671

525

290

hco'

navel

Arakanese

6.1.1

Burmish

Okell 71

JO-PB

350008

525

1829

tʃhaʔ⁵⁵

navel

Bola (Luxi)

6.1.1

Burmish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0097.32

13137

525

370

tʃʰaʔ⁵⁵

navel

Bola

6.1.1

Burmish

Dai 89 Bola

DQ-Bola

120

13162

525

370

tʃʰaʔ⁵⁵

umbilical cord

Bola

6.1.1

Burmish

Dai 89 Bola

DQ-Bola

145

164686

525

383

kʻyak

navel

Burmese (Modern)

6.1.1

Burmish

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

V.118

34669

525

387

hce'

navel

Burmese (Standard Spoken)

6.1.1

Burmish

Okell 71

JO-PB

166296

525

392

khyak

navel

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Marrison 67 Naga

GEM-CNL

117687

525

396

khyak

navel

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

30754

525

399

khyak

navel

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Matisoff 78 MLBM

JAM-MLBM

34670

525

404

khyak

navel

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Okell 71

JO-PB

437202

525

406

khyak

navel

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Benedict 76 WBur

PKB-WBRD

117729

525,m

396

khyak-krûi

umbilical cord

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

164685

525

393

kʻyak

navel

Burmese (Written)

6.1.1

Burmish

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

V.118

234075

525,m,525,m

653

shɛ̀ʔ shú, shɛ̀◦əshú

navel

Hpun (Northern)

6.1.1

Burmish

Henderson 86 Hpun

EJAH-Hpun

34672

525

663

hye'

navel

Intha

6.1.1

Burmish

Okell 71

JO-PB

350007

525

1828

tʃhɔʔ⁵⁵

navel

Langsu (Luxi)

6.1.1

Burmish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0097.31

15549

525

886

tʃhɔʔ⁵⁵

navel

Lashi

6.1.1

Burmish

Dai 89 Lash

DQ-Lashi

5.7.1

350009

525

1830

tʃhɔʔ⁵⁵

navel

Leqi (Luxi)

6.1.1

Burmish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0097.33

452543

525

1965

khyaʔ

navel

Marma

6.1.1

Burmish

Huziwara 08 Sak

HK-Sak

34674

525

1029

chó'

navel

Maru [Langsu]

6.1.1

Burmish

Okell 71

JO-PB

15295

525

1024

tʃhɔʔ⁵⁵

navel

Maru [Langsu]

6.1.1

Burmish

Dai 89 Lang

DQ-Langsu

5.7.1

34673

525

1503

hyi'

navel

Tavoyan

6.1.1

Burmish

Okell 71

JO-PB

44063

525

1686

tʃhoʔ⁵⁵

navel

Atsi [Zaiwa]

6.1.1

Burmish

Xu 84 Zaiwa

JZ-Zaiwa

350006

525

1827

tʃhoʔ⁵⁵

navel

Atsi [Zaiwa]

6.1.1

Burmish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0097.30

11217

525

152

(C-|k)yakᴴ|

navel

*Loloish

6.1.2

Loloish

Bradley 79 PLo

DB-PLolo

120A

15790

525,520

958

tshe̱⁴⁴ dv̩³¹

navel

Lolopho

6.1.2

Loloish

Dai 89 Lolo

DQ-Lolopho

5.7.1

496013

520,525,m

1980

tv²⁴tsʰɿ²⁴ʑɛ³¹

navel

Gazhuo

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Mu 03 Gazhuo

MS-Gazhuo

350023

520,525,m

1845

tv³⁵tshɿ³⁵jɛ³²³

navel

Gazhuo

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0097.47

13810

520,525,m

584

tv̩³⁵ tshɿ³⁵ jɛ³²³

navel

Gazhuo

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Dai 89 Gazh

DQ-Gazhuo

5.7.1

292430

m,525

879

hí-tshí

rope

Lalo

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Björverud 94

SB-Lalo

9446

m,m,525

878

tɕʰi³³ pɑ³³ tʂɑ³³

umbilical cord

Lalo

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Chen 86 Yi

CK-YiQ

10.4.12

9358

525,m,520

878

tɕʰi̱³³ mɑ³³ du̪²¹

navel

Lalo

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Chen 86 Yi

CK-YiQ

5.7.1

9353

m,m,525

878

ʂɑ⁵⁵ ku̪⁵⁵ tʂɑ³³

backbone / spine

Lalo

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Chen 86 Yi

CK-YiQ

5.5.4

296380

525,520

904

tshe⁵⁵du²¹

navel

Lipho

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Chen 86 Yi

CK-YiQ

5.7.1

33236

525

972

tʂa 22s|

rope / string

Luquan

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

9564

525,m,520

1148

tsʰa̱²¹ bi²¹ du³³

navel

Nasu

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Chen 86 Yi

CK-YiQ

5.7.1

33237

525

1152

tʂa 32s|

rope / string

Nasu

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

9665

525

1148

tʂʰa̱²¹

umbilical cord

Nasu

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Chen 86 Yi

CK-YiQ

10.4.12

9773

525,m,520

1164

tsʰɿ³³ bi²¹ tu⁵⁵

navel

Nesu

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Chen 86 Yi

CK-YiQ

5.7.1

284299

525,m,520

1193

tʂha³³bi²¹du³³

navel

Noesu

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Chen 86 Yi

CK-YiQ

5.7.1

283629

525,m,519

1194

tɕho̱²¹bu²¹di³³

navel

Nosu

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Chen 86 Yi

CK-YiQ

5.7.1

15963

525

1218

tsʰɛ̱³¹

navel

Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Dai 89 NusA

DQ-NusuA

120.

15987

525

1218

tsʰɛ̱¹

umbilical cord

Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Dai 89 NusA

DQ-NusuA

145.

229910

m,525

1215

tɕhi⁵⁵tɕhɑ³¹

self

Nusu (Bijiang)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

979.45

350010

525

1831

tʂha̱⁵³

navel

Nusu (Central)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0097.34

16216

525

1216

tʂʰa̱⁵³

navel

Nusu (Central)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Dai 89 NusB

DQ-NusuB

120.

16235

525

1216

tʂʰa̱⁵³

umbilical cord

Nusu (Central)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Dai 89 NusB

DQ-NusuB

145.

201517

525

1658

tsa³³

rope

Yi (Dafang)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

422.22

463436

525

1962

ʨhɔ³³

navel; umbilical cord

Yi (Liangshan)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Ma 08 Yi

SIL-Nuosu

index

463437

525,m,519

1962

ʨhɔ³³bu²¹di³³

navel

Yi (Liangshan)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Ma 08 Yi

SIL-Nuosu

index

201493

m,525

1662

ni̱⁵⁵tɕe̱³³

rope

Yi (Mile)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

422.25

201519

525

1663

tɕe̱³³

rope

Yi (Mojiang)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

422.26

350013

525,m,520

1834

tɕhe̱³³me̱²¹du²¹

navel

Yi (Nanhua)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0097.37

201518

525,m

1664

tʂᴀ̱³³vɛ̱²¹

rope

Yi (Nanhua)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

422.24

201492

m,525

1666

pɑ³³tɕe³³

rope

Yi (Nanjian)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

422.23

350012

525,m,520

1833

tʂhɿ̄³³mɑ³³du²¹

navel

Yi (Weishan)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0097.36

350014

525,m,520

1835

tʂhɑ̱⁴bi̱²dv̩³³

navel

Yi (Wuding)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0097.38

350011

525,m,519

1832

tɕhɔ³³bu²¹di³³

navel

Yi (Xide)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0097.35

9970

525,m,519

1667

tɕʰɔ³³-bu²¹-di³³

navel

Yi (Xide)

6.1.2.1

Northern Loloish

Chen 79 YiCh

CSL-YIzd

33232

525

214

tše 44|

rope / string

Ahi

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

284091

525,m,520,m

210

tɕhe̱³³bu²¹dɯ⁵⁵lɯ⁵⁵

navel

Ahi

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Chen 86 Yi

CK-YiQ

5.7.1

47423

525,m,520,m

216

tʂʻi̱²¹ bu̱²¹ dɯ⁵⁵ lɯ⁵⁵

navel

Ahi

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Luo 90

LMZ-AhiQ

5.7.1

350020

525,520

1842

tʃha⁴²to⁴⁴

navel

Jinuo

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0097.44

14195

525,520

698

tʃʰa³¹ to⁴⁴

navel

Jinuo (Baya/Banai)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Dai 89 JinA

DQ-JinA

123

14222

525,520

698

tʃʰa³¹ to⁴⁴

umbilical cord

Jinuo (Baya/Banai)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Dai 89 JinA

DQ-JinA

148

14223

525,520,m

698

tʃʰa³¹ to⁴⁴ lo⁴⁴

umbilical cord

Jinuo (Baya/Banai)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Dai 89 JinA

DQ-JinA

148.1

41025

525,520,m

700

tʃʰɑ⁴² to⁴⁴ lo⁴⁴

navel

Jinuo (Youle)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Gai 86

JZ-Jinuo

33230

525

839

câʔ

rope / string

Lahu (Black)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

117730

137,137,520,525

831

g̈û(~g̈ɔ̂)-tu-câʔ

umbilical cord

Lahu (Black)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 88 DL

JAM-DL

1138

41528

p,535,525

850

ɔ³¹ kv̩⁵³ tsaʔ⁵⁴

muscle

Lahu (Black)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Chang 86

JZ-Lahu

118031

5450,535,525

832

ɔ̀-ku-câʔ

blood vessel / vein / artery

Lahu (Black)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

118120

5450,535,525

832

ɔ̀-ku-câʔ

muscle

Lahu (Black)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

118100

5450,535,525

832

ɔ̀-ku-câʔ

sinew / tendon

Lahu (Black)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

145081

5450,1629,525

831

ɔ̀-pi-câʔ

strap; sash; belt

Lahu (Black)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 88 DL

JAM-DL

p. 817

117731

137,520,1019,525

831

ɣû-tu-šī-câʔ

umbilical cord

Lahu (Black)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 88 DL

JAM-DL

1129

302300

525,372

856

tsa⁶khɛ¹

rope

Lahu (Yellow)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Chang 86

JZ-Lahu

41638

p,535,525

856

ɔ³¹ ku³³ tsaʔ⁵⁴

sinew, muscle

Lahu (Yellow)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Chang 86

JZ-Lahu

41679

p,535,525

856

ɔ³¹ ku⁵⁵ tsaʔ⁵⁴

muscle

Lahu (Yellow)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Chang 86

JZ-Lahu

286296

m,525

943

chi¹-hchya⁵

self

Lisu (Central)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Fraser 22

JF-HLL

164687

525,520

949

chʻɛ²du⁵

navel

Lisu (Putao)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

V.118

286242

525,m

943

hchi³ ra⁵

rope

Lisu (Central)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Fraser 22

JF-HLL

33234

525,m

930

hchi³-ra⁵

rope / string

Lisu

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

285886

525,520

943

hchya⁴-du⁵

navel

Lisu (Central)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Fraser 22

JF-HLL

10759

525,520

923

hchya⁴du⁵

navel

Lisu

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Bradley 79 PLo

DB-PLolo

120A

164688

525,520

950

hchya⁴du⁵

navel

Lisu (Theng-yüeh)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Luce 85

GHL-PPB

V.118

41826

525,520

947

tʃʰɛ³⁵ du³¹

navel

Lisu (Nujiang)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Xu 86 Lisu

JZ-Lisu

279800

525,520

946

tɕhæ³⁵du²¹

navel

Lisu (Northern)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Bradley 94 Lisu

DB-Lisu

350016

525,520

1838

tɕhɛ³⁵du³¹

navel

Lisu

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0097.40

276195

m,525

946

tɕi⁵⁵tɕhæ²¹

self; individual

Lisu (Northern)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Bradley 94 Lisu

DB-Lisu

33233

525

1368

tše 44|

rope / string

Sani [Nyi]

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

132001

525,m,520

1379

tɕhe³³bu²¹du⁵⁵

navel

Sani [Nyi]

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Wu 84

YHJC-Sani

132095

525,m

1379

tɕhe³³tʂɒ³³

umbilical cord

Sani [Nyi]

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Wu 84

YHJC-Sani

283868

525,m,520

1223

tɕhe⁴⁴bu²¹du⁵⁵

navel

Sani [Nyi]

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Chen 86 Yi

CK-YiQ

5.7.1

350015

525,m,520,m

1836

tɕhe⁴⁴bv̩¹¹dv̩⁵⁵ɚ⁵⁵

navel

Yi (Sani)

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0097.39

283979

525,m

1223

tɕhe⁴⁴tʂɑ³³

umbilical cord

Sani [Nyi]

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Chen 86 Yi

CK-YiQ

10.4.12

17273

525,m

1366

tɕʰe³³ tʂɑ³³

umbilical cord

Sani [Nyi]

6.1.2.2

Central Loloish

Wu 84

WAH-Sani

233.1

137277

p,525,p,525

244

á tjaq / á tsaq

rope

Akha (Yunnan)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Hansson 89 AHKP

ILH-PL

451

33231

p,525

234

a-ca H-HS

rope / string

Akha

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

137276

p,525

243

á◦tjáq

rope, string, cord

Akha (Thai)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Hansson 89 AHKP

ILH-PL

451

113776

525,3447

229

caˆ tah˯

navel

Akha

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

117732

525,m,m

229

caˆ uˇ

umbilical cord

Akha

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

118101

34,535,34,525

229

sha˯◦gu˯ sha˯ caˆ

sinew / tendon

Akha

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

134430

525

228

tjaq

rope

Akha

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Hansson 89 AHKP

ILH-PL

451

137279

p,525

633

à tjaq

rope

Hani (Lüchun)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Hansson 89 AHKP

ILH-PL

451

201496

p,525

510

a⁵⁵tsa̱³³

rope

Hani (Dazhai)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

422.31

350017

525,m

1839

tɕha⁵⁵be⁵⁵

navel

Hani (Lüchun)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0097.41

134433

525

1299

tjhɔ

rope

Hani (Pijo)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Hansson 89 AHKP

ILH-PL

451

137281

m,525

1299

tə̀ tjhɔ

rope

Hani (Pijo)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Hansson 89 AHKP

ILH-PL

451

300166

p,525

630

a⁵⁵tɕa̱³³

rope

Hani (Gelanghe)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Li Yongsui 86 Hani

JZ-Hani

137278

p,525

635

al◦zav

rope

Hani (Wordlist)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Hansson 89 AHKP

ILH-PL

451

201522

p,525

1416

a⁵⁵tʃha³³

rope

Hani (Shuikui)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Sun H 91 ZMYY

ZMYYC

422.32

134432

525

784

tjhɔ

rope

Hani (Khatu)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Hansson 89 AHKP

ILH-PL

451

137280

m,525

784

tsỳ tjhɔ

rope

Hani (Khatu)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Hansson 89 AHKP

ILH-PL

451

350018

525,m,m,m

1840

tʃha³¹mɔ³³pi³³li³³

navel

Hani (Mojiang)

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Huang and Dai 92 TBL

TBL

0097.42

30755

525,3447

1117

tɕeʔ⁴-thuŋ²

navel

Mpi

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Matisoff 78 MLBM

JAM-MLBM

236241

525,3447

1114

tɕeʔ⁴thuŋ²

navel

Mpi

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Bradley 79 PLo

DB-PLolo

435918

525,3447

1120

tɕeʔ⁴thuŋ²

navel

Mpi

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Srinuan 76

SD-MPD

127507

5450,535,525

1290

ã◦ku³¹ ca

blood vessel / vein / artery

Côông [Phunoi]

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Ferlus 91

MF-PhnQ

8.7.1

117690

m,525

1286

mə̆◦chàʔ

navel

Côông [Phunoi]

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Matisoff 87 BP

JAM-Ety

236083

m,525

1284

mə◦chà

navel

Côông [Phunoi]

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Bradley 79 PLo

DB-PLolo

16693

m,525

1285

mə◦cʰɑʔ¹¹

navel

Côông [Phunoi]

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Bradley xx Phu

DB-Phunoi

172920

525

1618

cɔ̌ʔ

navel

Ugong

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Bradley 93 Ugo

DB-Ugong

5.7.1

172921

525,m,525,572

1618

cɔ̌ʔ ʔé̩ŋ/ cɔ̌ʔ khlɪ́

navel lint

Ugong

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Bradley 93 Ugo

DB-Ugong

33235

525

1635

tsʻa 33|

rope / string

Woni

6.1.2.3

Southern Loloish

Matisoff 72 LTSR

JAM-TSR

518119

525,m

2016

tʂʰɑ³³mɔ̠²³

navel

Phola

6.1.2.4

Southeastern Loloish

Pelkey 11 Phula

JP-CPL

312

516359

525,m

1999

tɕʰɤ˥pu˩

navel

Laze (Xiangjiao)

6.2

Naxi

Michaud 06 NaLaze

AM-NaLaze1

340

20598

525,525

480

t̑i̯ɑk/tśi̯ɑk

string attached to arrow

Chinese (Old/Mid)

9.0.1

Old Chinese

Chou 72

ACST

1258e

Chinese comparanda

弋 OC *di̯ək GSR #918a, ‘shoot arrow (with string attached)’; Li 1971: *rək; Baxter 1992 #467: *ljɨk; Mand. yì.

There is considerable disagreement about the reconstruction of words with MC initial j‑ which appear in phonetic series with words having dental initials. While Karlgren’s *d‑ (GSR) is no longer accepted, variations of *r‑, *l‑, and *j‑ are proposed by a number of scholars.

This Chinese word does not appear to be directly cognate to the PTB form, as there is no evidence of a velar initial. Gong (2001) revives Benedict’s (STC p. 176) comparison with PTB *b‑la ‘arrow’, reconstructing OC *blək, with the regular development *bl‑ > *l‑. Gong’s system would also admit the possibility of reconstructing *glək.

Cf. 射 OC *mljaks Baxter 1992 #1357, 1393, ‘shoot with bow’ (Mand. shè), with revision of *L‑ to *ml‑. This may also be etymologically related to 弋 and/or PTB *b‑la.

繳 OC (see below), GSR #1258e ‘string attached to arrow’; Li 1971: (*krjakw?) Baxter: (*kjewk?); Mand. zhuó.

This character has two Middle Chinese readings, one with velar initial and no coda, and one with palatal initial and velar coda. Based on internal Chinese evidence, the Old Chinese reconstruction cannot be determined with certainty. Karlgren placed this word in series #1258, which is not a phonetic series at all but a collection of words that Karlgren deemed unreconstructible for lack of evidence. Other characters that appear to have the same phonetic element appear in GSR #1162, all of which are reconstructed as open syllables with velar initial.

The character 激 ‘dam up and cause (water) to rush up’ (Mand. jī), found in GSR #1162 and apparently sharing a phonetic element with 繳 zhuó, is reconstructed *kewk by Baxter 1992 and *kiakw by Li 1971, suggesting that in Baxter’s system, 繳 should be reconstructed *kjewk and *kewʔ to account for the two Middle Chinese pronunciations. An *a vocalism in Baxter’s system cannot be completely discounted, but it would make it difficult to explain the subsequent palatalization of the initial velar in one of the Middle Chinese forms.

All of the possible Old Chinese reconstructions present problems in terms of the Chinese/PTB vowel correspondence. Old Chinese coda *‑kw (Li)/*‑wk (Baxter) regularly corresponds to TB rounded vowels.

Given the difficulty of determining the Old Chinese reconstruction of 繳, this proposed cognate set must be considered tentative.
[ZJH]

^ 2.

Note the similarity between the last two syllables and the Lahu forms ɔ̀‑ku‑câʔ ‘vein, sinew, tendon’ and ɔ̀‑ku‑ɔ̀‑câʔ ‘every bone in the body’.

^ 3.

The Sani forms tɕhe³³tʂɒ³³, tɕhe⁴⁴tʂɑ³³, tɕʰe³³ tʂɑ³³ are puzzling, since either syllable is a plausible reflex of this root. Perhaps two Sani variants have developed, one (with aspirated initial) < *kyak, meaning ‘navel’; and the other (with unaspirated initial) < *gyak, meaning ‘cord’.

#525 PTB *kyak NAVEL / UMBILICAL CORD / ROPE

Chinese comparanda