1.0 The Body > 1.9 Reproductive System > 1.9.4 Breast

#502 PTB *m/s-tuŋ DRINK / SUCKLE

Reconstructed mesoroots below:

This widespread etymon is attested all over TB (NE Indian Areal Group, Himalayish, Lolo-Burmese, Qiangic). It comprises both a simplex and a causative variant, i.e. DRINK (with underlying nasal prefix) vs. GIVE TO DRINK (with underlying *s‑ prefix), and by extension SMOKE (tobacco) vs. GIVE TO SMOKE. (Cf. Japanese tabako wo nomu ‘smoke (“drink”) tobacco’.)

The nasal prefix is clearly reflected in Himalayish (Baima, Amdo Tibetan), Qiangic (Namuyi, Tangut), and Loloish (e.g. Yi Dafang, Luquan, Nasu, Xide), sometimes with an actual nasal segment, sometimes more indirectly (as in Lahu dɔ̀, where the voiced initial is a reliable reflex of PLB *prenasalization).

There is a phonologically excellent Chinese comparandum with the meaning MILK: 湩 [GSR 1188c]. See below.

Loloish has a simplex/causative alternation in this root: cf. Lahu dɔ̀ ‘drink’ ⪤ tɔ ‘give to drink’.

rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
283120502173tɯŋdrink*Tani51.1.1Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST1110
153288m,502,m,m286o-tã-gɯ-nɯdrunkardApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
153289m,502,m,m286o-tã-gɯ-nɯdrunkenness, intoxicationApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
153282m,502,m286o-tã-nɯdrunkApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
153287m,502,m,m286o-tã-nɯ mjudrunkardApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
155411m,502,m286o-taŋ-gɯintoxicateApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
155412m,502,m,m286o-taŋ-gɯ-nɯintoxicateApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
173396502287drinkApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
153244502285drinkApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
153245502286drinkApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
159034502,m285tà-gésoberApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
153249502,m286tan-sadrinknApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
173403502,6405333(tɯŋ)-kjumdrunkBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
173397502333tɯŋdrinkBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
153246502334tɯŋdrinkBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
173404502,6405360(tɯŋ)-kumdrunkBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
153285502,6405365(tɯŋ-)kumdrunkBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
173398502360tɯŋdrinkBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
153247502365tɯŋdrinkBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
4136095021820tɯŋdrinkv.Bokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.240
41427502366tɯŋdrinkBokar Lhoba731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun H 80 MLDSLZO-MLD0
207218502368tɯŋdrinkBokar Lhoba731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.510
219713502,6405368tɯŋ kumdrunkBokar Lhoba731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC779.510
4949735363,s,502,s1979do◦nam-tɨɨ◦namsustenancen.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
45087p,189,502,m,m564i◦si-tɯ-li-nathirstyGalo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 63 GalKDG-IGL0
494361502,m1979tɨɨ◦kaasipvt.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
490782502,64051979tɨɨ◦kumdrunkadj.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
490784502,64051979tɨɨ◦kumdrunk (from liquor)adj.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
494806502,64051979tɨɨ◦kumstoned (from inhaling something)adj.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
490761502,s1979tɨɨ◦namdrinkvt.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
492035502,s1979tɨɨ◦namimbibevt.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
494481502,s1979tɨɨ◦namsmokevt.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
491785502,m1979tɨɨ◦ŋərhangovern.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
45422502,s564tɯ-namdrinkvGalo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 63 GalKDG-IGL0
44462502,s564tɯ-namdrinkingvGalo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 63 GalKDG-IGL0
490763502,63621979`tɨɨ◦jendrinking buddyn.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
490554502,m1979`tɨɨ◦kendelicious (to drink or smoke)adj.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
495156502,m1979`tɨɨ◦lɨɨthirstyadj.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
493190502,m1979`tɨɨ◦pakout-drinkvt.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
22563m,189,502,s1078i◦sh'-tɯ-namdrink waterMiri, Hill731.1.1.1Western Tani1Simon 76 MiriIMS-HMLG0
22564p,189,502,m1078i◦sh'-tɯ-nethirstyMiri, Hill731.1.1.1Western Tani1Simon 76 MiriIMS-HMLG0
21955502,6405,s1078tɯ-kum-namdrukenbe v.Miri, Hill731.1.1.1Western Tani1Simon 76 MiriIMS-HMLG0
21954502,s1078tɯ-namdrink, pluckMiri, Hill731.1.1.1Western Tani1Simon 76 MiriIMS-HMLG0
46645502,s1444teŋ-namdrinkvTagin731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 83 TagKDG-Tag0
45956502,s1444teŋ-namdrinkTagin731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 83 TagKDG-Tag0
45942502,m1444tiŋ-niŋthirsty / drink wateradjTagin731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 83 TagKDG-Tag0
1733995021253tɯŋdrinkPadam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
153248502498taːdrinkDamu741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
151327502,m,m498taː-pyo-nəbeverageDamu741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
153250502,m,m498taː-pyo-nədrinkableDamu741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
3421585021800timtake (drink)Darang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Anonymous xx TarNEFA-Taraon0
3404265021800timdrinkDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Anonymous xx TarNEFA-Taraon0
39784502505tim³⁵drink (yin)Darang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Sun H 80 MLDSLZO-MLD0
4136075021818tim³⁵drinkv.Darang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.220
207217502509tim³⁵drinkDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.490
39955502590tɑuŋ⁵⁵drinkKaman [Miju]61.1.2Deng1Sun H 80 MLDSLZO-MLD0
4136085021819tɑuŋ⁵⁵drinkv.Kaman [Miju]61.1.2Deng1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.230
207242502592tɑuŋ⁵⁵drinkKaman [Miju]61.1.2Deng1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.480
6539m,5021054tʌ́n-tʻàuŋdrinkv.Kaman [Miju]61.1.2Deng1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT8120
65385021054tʻàuŋdrinkv.Kaman [Miju]61.1.2Deng1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT8120
129037502661tioŋ⁵⁵drinkvIdu61.1.2Deng1Sun H 91 IduQSHK-Idu3.7.70
207243502662tioŋ⁵⁵drinkIdu61.1.2Deng1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.500
48682502660drinkIdu61.1.2Deng1Anonymous 62 IduNEFA-PBI0
35444502,s659tõ◦gadrinkIdu61.1.2Deng1Pulu 78JP-Idu0
4136105021821tioŋ⁵⁵drinkv.Yidu61.1.2Deng1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.250
1727035021694tungsuckZeme641.3.3Zeme Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
172338502,2981694tung◦duimilkZeme641.3.3Zeme Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
10466502,s1040thək◦pədrinkv.Meithei131.4Meithei1Singh 91 MeiQCYS-Meithei3.7.7 1
3113975021062tongsuckMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
470495021063tòng-suckv.Mikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Grüssner 79 BPKHG-MikirQ900
128196502,s378tuŋ◦redrinkvBunan202.1.1Western Himalayish0Sharma, S.R. 91 BuSBN-BunQ3.7.70
542487502,s2108tuŋ◦modrinkvt.Byangsi202.1.1Western Himalayish0Sharma 2003SRS-TBLUP9690
543493502,s2109tuŋ◦modrinkv.Chaudangsi202.1.1Western Himalayish0Krishan 2003SK-TBLUP8340
544461502,s2110tuŋ-modrink, smokev.Darma202.1.1Western Himalayish0Krishan 2003SK-TBLUP8250
339332502,m,m1788tuṅ ran◦migʻgive to drinkvKanauri202.1.1Western Himalayish0Bailey 11BAI19110
339331502,m1788tuṅ◦migʻdrink / smokevtKanauri202.1.1Western Himalayish0Bailey 11BAI19110
131309502,55411005Tùn◦ḍẓinurse / sucklevPattani [Manchati]202.1.1Western Himalayish0Sharma, S.R. 91 MaSTP-ManQ5.4.60
18572502,s1262tuŋg◦midrink, smokev.Pattani [Manchati]202.1.1Western Himalayish0Sharma, D.D. 82 THDS-Patt0
131272502,m1005tuŋ◦midrinkvPattani [Manchati]202.1.1Western Himalayish0Sharma, S.R. 91 MaSTP-ManQ3.7.70
5461455022112tuŋ-drinkv.Raji202.1.1Western Himalayish0Krishan 2003SK-TBLUP7440
5475055022113tũ-drinkvt.Rongpo202.1.1Western Himalayish0Sharma 2003SRS-TBLUP12890
126405502319ndo³⁵drinkvBaima222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 91 BaimSHK-BaimaQ3.7.70
268927502,m721thung◦chyedrinkvKaike222.1.2Bodic1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0540
39604502,m1093tʰoŋ⁵⁵ ŋɑ⁵⁵drinkTshona (Wenlang)222.1.2Bodic1Lu 86 CuoMJZ-CNMenba0
421025021090toŋ⁵⁵drinkTshona (Mama)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 80 MLDSLZO-MLD0
2072215021092toŋ⁵⁵drinkTshona (Mama)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.60
4135925021850toŋ⁵⁵drinkv.Cuona Menba222.1.2Bodic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.060
6542502550thũːdrinkv.Dzongkha242.1.2.1Tibetan1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT8120
4135915021848thoŋdrinkv.Tibetan (Alike)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.050
2072205021550thoŋdrinkTibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.40
2071965021585nthoŋdrinkTibetan (Amdo:Zeku)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.50
363425021584ntʰoŋdrinkTibetan (Amdo:Zeku)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 AmdoJS-Amdo5440
12922502329thõ¹³drinkv.Tibetan (Batang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Dai 89 BataDQ-Batang3.7.70
4135895021826thû⁵⁵drinkv.Tibetan (Batang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.030
65415021551thūŋ̀-drinkv.Tibetan (Central)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT8120
268928502,m,m701thung-gi-dukqdrinkvTibetan (Jirel)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0540
2071955021380thuŋ⁵³drinkTibetan (Khams:Dege)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.30
4135885021815thuŋ⁵⁵drinkv.Tibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.020
2072195021557thuŋ⁵⁵drinkTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.20
268929502,m,m1402thung-gu-widrinkvTibetan (Sherpa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0540
126727502,s1407thung◦endrinkvTibetan (Sherpa:Helambu)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Bishop 89B-ShrpaHQ3.7.70
126969502,s1426thuŋ◦jedrinkvSpiti242.1.2.1Tibetan1Bodh 91CB-SpitiQ3.7.70
2403445021564'thuṅdrinkvTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
311399502,s1564'thuṅ-basuckTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
381265021575thungdrinkTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 TbGlJS-Tib5440
4135875021804ɦthuŋdrinkv.Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.010
2071945021582ɦthuŋdrinkTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.10
6540502,s1562ɦthuŋ-badrinkv.Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT8120
4135905021837thoŋdrinkv.Tibetan (Xiahe)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.040
5049685021988thóngdrinkv.Lepcha212.1.3Lepcha1Plaisier 07 LepchaHP-GL0
177209502172ᴮtʰuŋdrink*TGTM232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis4920
127591502,s436thũ-wadrinkvChantyal232.1.4Tamangish1Noonan 92NPB-ChanQ3.7.70
268921502,s596thu̩q-mdrinkvGurung232.1.4Tamangish1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0540
66253502,s604tĩq◦bagive drinkv.Gurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Glover 72 GuVoSIL-Gur0
64616502,s604tʰũq-mdrinkGurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Glover 72 GuVoSIL-Gur1.540
66252502,s604tʰũq◦badrinkGurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Glover 72 GuVoSIL-Gur7.B.2.280
177207502600²tʰũ-drinkGurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis4920
66086254,502,s604ŋeh tĩq◦banurseGurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Glover 72 GuVoSIL-Gur6.B.2.10
79889502,s999tɯŋ² badrinkVManang (Gyaru)232.1.4Tamangish1Nagano 84 ManYN-Man0860
1772085021003²tʰuŋ-drinkManang (Prakaa)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis4920
209815021002¹tʰuŋ-drinkManang (Prakaa)232.1.4Tamangish1Hoshi 84HM-Prak03290
21213502,s1002¹tʰuŋ◦pədrinkn.Manang (Prakaa)232.1.4Tamangish1Hoshi 84HM-Prak05250
65365021468'thuŋdrinkv.Tamang (Bagmati)232.1.4Tamangish1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT8120
1262455021455²tʰuŋdrinkvTamang (Risiangku)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 91 TamQMM-TamRisQ3.7.70
1772015021456²tʰuŋdrinkvTamang (Risiangku)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis4920
124514502,s1464'tʰuŋ-padrinkv.Tamang (Sahu)232.1.4Tamangish1Taylor 72 TmVoSIL-Sahu18.B.280
122964502,s1464'tʰuŋ◦padrinkv.Tamang (Sahu)232.1.4Tamangish1Taylor 72 TmVoSIL-Sahu1.540
268922m,502,s1457the 'tung◦pādrinkvTamang (Sahu)232.1.4Tamangish1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0540
1772025021462²tʰuŋdrinkTamang (Sahu)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis4920
177203502,s1467tʰuŋ-badrinkTamang (Taglung)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis4920
268923502,s1520thung-padrinkvThakali232.1.4Tamangish1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0540
177205502,m1524⁴⁴'⁴³tʰuŋ-dzidrinkvThakali (Marpha)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis4920
177206502,m1526⁵⁵'⁵⁵tʰuŋ-odrinkvThakali (Syang)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis4920
168379502,m1531tʰuŋ-lɔdrinkThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangish1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak7.B.2.28.10
67399502,s1531tʰuŋ-pɔdrinkThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangish1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak1.540
1772045021530²tʰuŋdrinkThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis4920
62158502,s1174ton◦edrinkv.Newar272.2Newar1Shakya 89SH-KNw3.7.70
4414445021919twan-edrinkNewar (Kathmandu)272.2Newar1Malla 07 PCKPM-pc0
90055021176twɔn-drinkNewar (Dolakhali)272.2Newar1Genetti 90 DolaCG-Dolak0
92415021177twɔn-drinkNewar (Kathmandu)272.2Newar1Genetti 90 KathCG-Kath0
143074502129tuŋ-drinkv.*Kiranti292.3Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7490
5333555022068ʔtuŋ-drink*Kiranti292.3Kiranti1Opgenort 11 TilungJRO-Tilung0
478378502,m1975thuŋs-uedrinkAthpare (Rai)312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Ebert 97 AthpareKE-GA0
478379502,m1975thuŋ◦madrinkAthpare (Rai)312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Ebert 97 AthpareKE-GA0
74670502911thuŋ-drinkv.Limbu312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Michailovsky 89 LmBM-Lim0
143070502912thuŋ-drinkv.Limbu312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7490
143071502,s912thuŋ◦s-cause to drink, to entertaiv.Limbu312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7490
148391502,s1878thuŋ◦s-cause to drink, to give drink tov.Limbu312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Driem 88? LimASVD-LimA0
51073502327DuNdrinkBantawa762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Rai 85 BnDsNKR-Bant0
143069502323duŋ-drinkv.Bantawa762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7490
143067502,s424ding-udrinkv.Chamling762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7490
79640502425dung-drinkChamling762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Winter 85WW-Cham110
143068502,s424dung-udrinkv.Chamling762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7490
143066502821duŋŋ-drinkv.Kulung762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7490
61394502,s822duŋŋ-udrinkv.Kulung762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Rai 75 KulRPHH-Kul0
143061502544tɨŋ-drinkv.Dumi772.3.3Central Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7490
73649502,m547tɨŋ◦nɨdrink; smokeDumi772.3.3Central Kiranti1Driem 93 DumiSVD-Dum0
268931502,m752tu-nedrinkvKhaling772.3.3Central Kiranti1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0540
143065502754√tuŋ-drinkv.Khaling772.3.3Central Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7490
143057502307tuŋ-drinkv.Bahing302.3.4Western Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7490
120699502641tundrink (except water)vr, vtHayu302.3.4Western Kiranti1Michailovsky 89 H2BM-Hay84.2450
143055502643tun-drinkv.Hayu302.3.4Western Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7490
268930502,m1433tu:-cādrinkvSunwar302.3.4Western Kiranti1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0540
1430595021435tuː-drinkv.Sunwar302.3.4Western Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7490
493545021545Du(ŋ)-drinkv.Thulung302.3.4Western Kiranti1Allen 75NJA-Thulung0
1430625021542ɖu(ŋ)-drinkv.Thulung302.3.4Western Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7490
268933502,s441tung.sādrinkvChepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN01.0540
2215502442tuŋdrinkv.Chepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT70
4820765021977tuŋ-drink, imbibe, suck fruit, smoke (cigarette, etc.)vt.Chepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 00 ChepangRC-DOC0
62963502,s449tuŋ-sadrinkChepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 72 CVocSIL-Chep1.540
480164502,m1977tuŋ.gadrinkn.Chepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 00 ChepangRC-DOC0
482078502,m1977tuŋ.gadrinkn.Chepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 00 ChepangRC-DOC0
482079502,m,m1977tuŋ.gu.liŋdrinkn.Chepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 00 ChepangRC-DOC0
486049502,m,m1977tuŋ.gu.liŋdrinkn.Chepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 00 ChepangRC-DOC0
127905502,s452tuŋ◦naʔdrinkvChepang (Eastern)282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 90 CheQRC-ChepQ3.7.70
307385021492ndeɦdrinkTangut [Xixia]333.1Tangut1Matisoff 78 MLBMJAM-MLBM70 2
2347505021494ndeɦdrink waterTangut [Xixia]333.1Tangut1Nishida 64 TanNT-SGK181-08a0
176755021491ndɪ̃drinkv.Tangut [Xixia]333.1Tangut1Dai 89 XixiDQ-Xixia3.7.70
128739502562tshɛ⁵⁵drinkErsu343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ErsQSHK-ErsCQ0
207227502561tshɛ⁵⁵drinkErsu343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.180
128895502594tɕhɑ³⁵drinkGuiqiong343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 GuiQSHK-GuiqQ0
207201502595tɕhɑ³⁵drinkGuiqiong343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.170
4136035021813tɕhi⁵³drinkv.Lyuzu343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.180
413601m,5021810ɦæ³³tɕhə⁵³drinkv.Muya343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.150
2072005021136tɕhyɯ⁵³drinkMuya [Minyak]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.150
1297235021135tɕʰyɯ⁵³drinkv.Muya [Minyak]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 MuyQSHK-MuyaQ3.7.70
1298975021146ndʐɿ³⁵drinkv.Namuyi343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 NamQSHK-NamuQ3.7.70
2072025021147ndʐɿ³⁵drinkNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.190
4136315021844dʐɿ³⁵drinkv.Namuyi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.460
4135965021805thɛ̃⁵⁵drinkv.Pumi (Jiulong)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.100
4135955021853thiɛ̃⁵⁵drinkv.Pumi (Lanping)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.090
2071995021306thiɛ̃⁵⁵drinkPumi (Qinghua)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.110
427945021304tʰiɛ̃⁵⁵drinkPumi (Qinghua)343.2Qiangic1Lu 83 PumiJZ-Pumi0
2072235021309thiẽ⁵³drinkPumi (Taoba)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.100
429425021307tʰiẽ³⁵drinkPumi (Taoba)343.2Qiangic1Lu 83 PumiJZ-Pumi0
5100435021996tɕhísmoke (a cigarette) (drink)Qiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang17290
5106605021996tɕhídrinkQiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang19640
1292275021319stinurse / sucklevQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 MawQSHK-MawoQ5.4.60
2072225021320thidrinkQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.80
4135945021852tɕhədrinkv.Qiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.080
430755021317tʰidrinkQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 81 QiaJZ-Qiang0
1291815021319tʰidrinkvQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 MawQSHK-MawoQ3.7.70
510662502,5021997thié ~ thièdrink, suck, smoke (tobacco)Qiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang19640
2071985021323thie³³drinkQiang (Taoping)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.90
432305021321tʰie³³drinkQiang (Taoping)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 81 QiaJZ-Qiang0
179795021325tɕʰədrinkQiang (Yadu)343.2Qiangic1Dai 89 QianDQ-QiangN19640
131144p,5021698kə³⁵ tʰũ⁵⁵drinkvQueyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZhaQSHK-ZhabQ3.7.70
207226p,5021699kə³⁵thũ⁵⁵drinkQueyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.160
413599m,5021808ɣɯ¹³tho⁵⁵drinkv.Queyu (Xinlong)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.130
1310105021408tɕhĩ³⁵drinkXumi343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ShiQSHK-ShixQ0
2072285021409tɕhĩ³⁵drinkXumi343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.200
413602502,m1812tɕhĩ³⁵ɕĩ⁵⁵drinkv.Xumi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.170
413600m,5021809kʌ³³thɪ⁵⁵drinkv.Zhaba (Daofu County)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.140
13611253,253,502559nu nu stheinurse / sucklev.Ergong (Daofu)353.3rGyalrongic1Dai 89 DaofDQ-Daofu5.4.60
128483502560stʰə³³nurse / sucklevErgong (Northern)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 ErNQSHK-ErgNQ5.4.60
4135985021807thidrinkv.Daofu353.3rGyalrongic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.120
128425502560tʰə¹³drinkvErgong (Northern)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 ErNQSHK-ErgNQ3.7.70
207225502557wthidrinkErgong (Danba)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.140
129565502558wtʰidrinkv.Ergong (Danba)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 ErDQSHK-ErgDQ3.7.70
13566502559ʔthudrinkv.Ergong (Daofu)353.3rGyalrongic1Dai 89 DaofDQ-Daofu3.7.70
554736m,5022138ju'◦tʰidrinkvtrGyalrong (Ganzi Daofu Xianshuizhen)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD03830
553909m,5022136jə◦'tʰidrinkvtrGyalrong (Ganzi Daofu Jiasikong kharjiacun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD03830
130710p,502618ka tʰidrinkvrGyalrong (NW)783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 rNWSHK-rGNWQ3.7.70
555145m,5022139ka'◦tʰidrinkvtrGyalrong (Ganzi Seda Geletuo Naoluocun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD03830
570497m,5022172ka'◦tʰidrinkvtrGyalrong (Maerkang Caodeng (A))783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD03830
574745m,5022180ka'◦tʰidrinkvtrGyalrong (Maerkang Kangshan)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD03830
571034m,5022173ka44 t‘i33drinkvtrGyalrong (Maerkang Caodeng (B))783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD03830
572961m,5022176ku'◦tʰidrinkvtrGyalrong (Maerkang Japhug Shaerzong (A))783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD03830
579685p,5022190kə'◦tʰidrinkvtrGyalrong (Rangtang Shili Erguowucun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD03830
130447m,502617kəwu ʃtʰinurse / sucklevrGyalrong (Northern)783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 rNQSHK-rGNQ5.4.60
130388p,m,502617kə◦wu tʰidrinkvrGyalrong (Northern)783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 rNQSHK-rGNQ3.7.70
572546p,m,5022175kə◦wu'◦tʰidrinkvtrGyalrong (Maerkang Dazang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD03830
330567p,m,m,5021797kɐ-nɐ-wɔ́-tʰidrink (booze)Caodeng783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun J 97 CaoJS-Caodeng0
330568p,502,m,m1797kɐ́-tʰi (ní-tʰi)drinkCaodeng783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun J 97 CaoJS-Caodeng0
553086m,5022134oˈ◦tʰidrinkvtrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Niega Jiaju)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD03830
5784565022187tʰedrinkvtrGyalrong (Queyu Gala)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD03830
5788605022188tʰedrinkvtrGyalrong (Rangtang Puxi siyaowucun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD03830
5594145022148tʰédrinkvtrGyalrong (Jinchuan Guaninqiao Wobzi)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD03830
5522475022132tʰidrinkvtrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Dandong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD03830
5792765022189tʰədrinkvtrGyalrong (Rangtang Puxicun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD03830
552666m,5022133wəˈ◦tʰidrinkvtrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Dasang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD03830
554321m,5022137ʁə'◦tʰidrinkvtrGyalrong (Ganzi Daofu Kongse Xiaoguoqiaocun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD03830
514828502,5022011m-|daŋ¹ ⪤ m-|doŋ¹drink*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB5860
514853502,5022011m-|doŋ¹ ⪤ m-|daŋ¹drink*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB5870
30898502143ndaŋ¹ ⪤ ʔdaŋ¹|drink*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 78 MLBMJAM-MLBM700
12033502152m-|daŋ¹drink*Loloish456.1.2Loloish1Bradley 79 PLoDB-PLolo6310
133954502153mdaŋ¹drink*Loloish456.1.2Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL2450
303160502956ntʻɒdrinkLolo456.1.2Loloish1Benedict 72 STCSTC22n760
15740502958dɒ³³drinkv.Lolopho456.1.2Loloish1Dai 89 LoloDQ-Lolopho3.7.70
17835502585to²¹³drinkGazhuo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Dai 87 GazhDLF-Gazhuo0
142234502586to³²³drinkvGazhuo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Dai 91 TB15DHFRL0
13773502584to³²³drinkv.Gazhuo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Dai 89 GazhDQ-Gazhuo3.7.70
4136325021845to³²³drinkv.Gazhuo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.470
17770502585to³³drinkGazhuo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Dai 87 GazhDLF-Gazhuo0
13804502584to³³nurse / sucklev.Gazhuo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Dai 89 GazhDQ-Gazhuo5.4.60
292117502879drinkLalo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Björverud 94SB-Lalo0
9324502878du⁵⁵drinkv.Lalo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ3.7.70
9351502878tu³³nurse / sucklev.Lalo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ5.4.60
296325502904da³³drinkLipho466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ3.7.70
296372502904ta³³nurseLipho466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ5.4.60
30741502970ntʻɐ¹¹drinkLuquan466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Matisoff 78 MLBMJAM-MLBM700
307425021151d'ɔ¹³drinkNasu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Matisoff 78 MLBMJAM-MLBM700
3031595021746dʼɔdrinkNasu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Benedict 72 STCSTC22n760
95195021148ndʰɔ²¹drinkv.Nasu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ3.7.70
95485021148ndʰɔ²¹swallowv.Nasu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ4.2.30
95575021148tɔ²¹nurse / sucklev.Nasu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ5.4.60
97315021164da²¹drinkv.Nesu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ3.7.70
97595021164da²¹swallowv.Nesu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ4.2.30
2842565021193ndo¹³drinkNoesu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ3.7.70
2842925021193to²¹nurseNoesu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ5.4.60
2835815021194ndo³³drinkNosu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ3.7.70
2836215021194to²¹nurseNosu466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ5.4.60
437205021656ndɔ²¹drinkYi (Dafang)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 85 YiJZJZ-Yi0
437275021656ndɔ²¹swallowv.i.Yi (Dafang)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 85 YiJZJZ-Yi0
437265021656ndɔ²¹swallowv.t.Yi (Dafang)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 85 YiJZJZ-Yi0
2072295021658ndɔ²¹drinkYi (Dafang)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.220
4626895021962ndo³³devour; drink; smoke (tobacco)Yi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
4603045021962to²¹breastfeed; drink, cause toYi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
4603135021962to³⁴offer (drink or smoke)Yi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
463730m,5021962ʂo²¹ndo³³drink upYi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
159295021661dɔ³¹drinkYi (Lishan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Dai 87 GazhDLF-Gazhuo0
2072055021662tu³³drinkYi (Mile)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.250
2072315021663dɒ²¹drinkYi (Mojiang)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.260
4136225021834dɑ³³drinkv.Yi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.370
2072305021664dᴀ³³; tᴀ³¹|drink; drink (caus.)Yi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.240
4136365021834tɑ³³drinkv.Yi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.370
438525021665du⁵⁵drinkYi (Nanjian)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 85 YiJZJZ-Yi0
2072045021666du⁵⁵drinkYi (Nanjian)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.230
4136215021833du⁵⁵drinkv.Yi (Weishan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.360
4136235021835nthɒ¹¹drinkv.Yi (Wuding)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.380
9929p,254,5021667a³⁴-nᴇ³³ to²¹breast feedYi (Xide)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 79 YiChCSL-YIzd0
100405021667ndo³³drinkYi (Xide)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 79 YiChCSL-YIzd0
439795021669ndo³³drinkYi (Xide)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 85 YiJZJZ-Yi0
4136205021832ndo³³drinkv.Yi (Xide)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.350
2072035021670ndo³³drinkYi (Xide)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.210
284044502210tu²²drinkAhi476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ3.7.70
284084502210tu²²nurseAhi476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ5.4.60
47352502216tu²²drinkv.Ahi476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Luo 90LMZ-AhiQ3.7.70
14369m,502698pi⁴⁴ tʌ⁴⁴make drinkJinuo (Baya/Banai)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Dai 89 JinADQ-JinA1964.10
14591m,502697pi⁴⁴ tʌ⁴⁴make drinkJinuo (Baka)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Dai 89 JinBDQ-JinB1964.10
41089502700tə⁴²drinkJinuo (Youle)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Gai 86JZ-Jinuo0
4136295021842tə⁴²drinkv.Jinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.440
207235502696tɐ⁴²drinkJinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.340
14368502698tʌ³¹drinkJinuo (Baya/Banai)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Dai 89 JinADQ-JinA19640
14590502697tʌ³¹drinkJinuo (Baka)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Dai 89 JinBDQ-JinB19640
4770965021969dɔ31drinkvKucong476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Dai 09 KucongDC-Kucong0
12034502492daw˯drink[Sem:R]*Common Lahu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 79 PLoDB-PLolo0
303158502844dɔ̀drinkLahu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Benedict 72 STCSTC22n760
4136285021841dɔ³¹drinkv.Lahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.430
41580502850dɔ³¹drinkLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Chang 86JZ-Lahu0
207209502851dɔ³¹drinkLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.330
30739502835dɔ̀drinkLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 78 MLBMJAM-MLBM700
441441m,502,450831šú dɔ̀ vesmoke tobaccoLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 88 DLJAM-DL11930
311409502831give to drink; give to smokeLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 88 DLJAM-DL6490
30740502835give drinkv.Lahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 78 MLBMJAM-MLBM700
41734502856dɔʔ²¹drinkLahu (Yellow)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Chang 86JZ-Lahu0
10876502923daw⁴drinkLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 79 PLoDB-PLolo6310
285174502943daw⁴drinkv.Lisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
41889502947do³³drinkLisu (Nujiang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Xu 86 LisuJZ-Lisu0
4136255021838do³³drinkv.Lisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.400
207206502942do³³drinkLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.270
202922502942do³³kɯ⁵⁵cupLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC450.270
282148m,m,502,m946dza²¹du³³ dɔ⁴⁴du³³food and drink; beverage; foodLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
282175m,m,502,m946dza²¹dze²¹ dɔ⁴⁴dze²¹leftover food and drinkLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
282161m,m,502,m946dza²¹lɔ³³ dɔ⁴⁴lɔ³³food and drinkLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
282166m,m,502,m946dza²¹ʃɿ²¹ dɔ⁴⁴ʃɿ²¹food; food and drinkLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
273721502946dɔ⁴⁴drink; eatVLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
273724502,m946dɔ⁴⁴phja³⁵drink with no restraintLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
27601934,230,502946hwa²¹si²¹ dɔ⁴⁴suck blood wineLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
276020m,230,502,m,m946hwa²¹si²¹ dɔ⁴⁴ læ²¹hɔ³³drink blood wineLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
272357m,502946pæ³⁵dɔ⁴⁴drink together (Two people drink from the same wine glass, with cheeks touching)VLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
280600230,502,m,m946si²¹dɔ⁴⁴ læ²¹hɔ³³drink blood wineLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
132007p,254,5021379A³³ni³³to³³nursevSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Wu 84YHJC-Sani0
2838615021223to³³nurseSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ5.4.60
2838195021223tʂi⁵⁵drinkSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ3.7.70
1319105021379tʂi⁵⁵drinkSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Wu 84YHJC-Sani0
169915021365tʂʅ⁵⁵drink, smokevSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Ma 89 SanQMXL-SaniQ341.10
4136245021836tʂʐ̩⁵⁵drinkv.Yi (Sani)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.390
136001502243dɔ́drinkAkha (Thai)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL2450
136002502244dɔ́drinkAkha (Yunnan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL2450
133955502228dɔ́drinkAkha486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL2450
141999502346táŋdrinkvBisu486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Bradley 9x BisuDB-Bisu0
136004502633drinkHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL2450
40592502629do⁵⁵drinkHani (Dazhai)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Li Yongsui 86 HaniJZ-Hani0
207208502510do⁵⁵drinkHani (Dazhai)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.310
4136265021839do⁵⁵drinkv.Hani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.410
1339585021299drinkHani (Pijo)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL2450
40444502628tu⁵⁵drinkHani (Caiyuan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Li Yongsui 86 HaniJZ-Hani0
207233502418tu⁵⁵drinkHani (Caiyuan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.300
40744502630dɔ⁵⁵drinkHani (Gelanghe)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Li Yongsui 86 HaniJZ-Hani0
136003502635ddoldrinkHani (Wordlist)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL2450
136007502638tv̩⁵⁵drinkHaoni486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL2450
40888502634tv̩⁵⁵drinkHani (Shuikui)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Li Yongsui 86 HaniJZ-Hani0
2072345021416tv̩⁵⁵drinkHani (Shuikui)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.320
133957502784drinkHani (Khatu)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL2450
4136275021840tv̩⁵⁵drinkv.Hani (Mojiang)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.420
435277502,5021120toŋ⁵ (tɑŋ⁵drinkv.Mpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Srinuan 76SD-MPD0
1339605021115toŋ⁵/tɑŋ⁵|drinkMpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL2450
4352345021120tɑŋ⁵drinkv.Mpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Srinuan 76SD-MPD0
16810502,m1285tɑ̃⁵⁵ sə¹¹drinkCôông [Phunoi]486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Bradley xx PhuDB-Phunoi0
4587355021961taŋ45drinkv.Pyen486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Shintani 09 PyenST-PL1320290
1501175021362taŋ⁵⁵drinkSangkong486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Li Yongsui 91 SangLYS-Sangkon0
4590045021968do55drinkv.Sila486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Kato 08 LaoKT-LPDR460
5208075022018də³³drinkSouthern Muji756.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish1Pelkey 11 PhulaJP-CPL5990
5184135022016ⁿtɔ³³drinkPhola756.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish1Pelkey 11 PhulaJP-CPL5990
518414502,m2016ⁿtɔ³³pi³¹give to drinkPhola756.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish1Pelkey 11 PhulaJP-CPL6000
5220045022019ⁿdə²¹drinkHlepho Phowa756.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish1Pelkey 11 PhulaJP-CPL5990
5195805022017dʌ³¹drinkPhuza756.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish1Pelkey 11 PhulaJP-CPL5990
5143605021998ʈʰɯ˩drinkv.Na (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze10
4136305021843thɯ²¹drinkv.Naxi436.2Naxi1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1370.450
2072075021676thɯ³³drinkNaxi (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.290
207232502908thɯ³¹drinkNaxi (Lijiang)436.2Naxi1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC534.280
1265705021157tʰɯ³¹drinkNaxi (Eastern)436.2Naxi1He 85JZ-Naxi0
1294305021159tʰɯ³¹drinkNaxi (Western)436.2Naxi1He 85JZ-Naxi0
169715502,502481ti̯ung/t̑i̯wong-milkChinese (Old/Mid)539.0.1Old Chinese0Karlgren 57 GSRGSR1188c0
169716502,502481tung/tung-milkChinese (Old/Mid)539.0.1Old Chinese0Karlgren 57 GSRGSR1188c0
1702125021007tungmilkChinese (Mandarin)559.0.3Modern Chinese0Karlgren 57 GSRGSR1188c0

Chinese comparandum

湩 OC *ti̯ung/*tung, GSR #1188c ‘milk’; Li 1971: *tjungh/*tungh; Baxter 1992: *tjongs/*tongs; Mand. dòng ~ zhòng.

The correspondences are a perfect match. OC *u (Li)/*o (Baxter) regularly corresponds to PTB *u before velar codas.

However, there is a competing etymology suggesting that this word is an early borrowing from a Central Asian language (Pulleyblank 1962:250ff). This etymology is supported by the fact that this is not the ordinary Chinese word for ‘milk’; early glosses define it as ‘milk (of cows and mares)’. The Chinese themselves did not drink such milk, so it would not be surprising if this word were borrowed from nomadic peoples.
[ZJH]


^ 1.
Note assimilation of the medial consonants.
^ 2.
This form is originally from Nishida 1964-66:415.