1.0 The Body > 1.3 Mouth and Throat > 1.3.2 Lip

#454 PTB *r-ka(ː)m LIP / MOUTH / EDGE / BANK

Reconstructed mesoroots below:
rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
5151544542012r-ka(ː)m|edge / bank / precipice / lip / mouth*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB5940
147616454182r-ka(ː)m|precipice, bank, edge, lips, mouth*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Benedict 72 STCSTC3290
143667454176r-kam|bank, edge*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71220
31280454178r-ka[ː]m|bank / shore*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 83 TILJAM-TIL360
168829454176r-kaːm|bank, edge*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71220
173846p,m,454,452333a-kɯŋ gam-bɯrlipBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
156141p,m,454,452334a-kɯŋ gam-bɯrlower lipBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
155966454,452334gam-bɯrlipBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
158111454,m334gam-bɯːrim, edgeBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
159226454,m334gam-faːspit out (food)Bengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
159770454,m334gam-gjoːtalkBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
154391454,m334gam-hɯrgargleBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
159797454,m334gam-jaːtartarBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
157127454,m334gam-kakpalateBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
159225454,6426334gam-linspit out (food)Bengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
161266454,m334gam-sɯːyawnBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
381492454,4761820ɦam paŋsidenBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0709.240
381974454,4761820ɦam pəŋedge / rim / marginnBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0718.240
183095454,476368ham paŋedgeBokar Lhoba731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC61.510
45878454,4521444gam◦burrlipTagin731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 83 TagKDG-Tag0
45880454,4521444gam◦burrlower lipTagin731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 83 TagKDG-Tag0
115031454,m189gom-mangdumb / mutePadam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety 2
2092454,m1070kam-kuyawnMilang741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Tayeng 76 MilAT-MPB0
5003324541920kamMOUTH*Chin81.2Kuki-Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC3010
3425794541802kammouthKuki-Chin681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Haokip 98Qbp-KC3.70
342593454,m1802kam◦amomhold in mouthvKuki-Chin681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Haokip 98Qbp-KC3.7.140
342594454,273a1802kam◦kagape / open mouthvKuki-Chin681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Haokip 98Qbp-KC3.7.150
4429634541930kammouthPaite681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC3010
4429644541927kammouthSizang681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC3010
54634541511kàmlanguage / mouthThado681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT5080
4429624541926kámmouthThado681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC3010
2935784541509kʌ̀mmouthThado681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Thirumalai 72THI1972620
293792454,m1509kʌ̄m◦sìnshut (the mouth)Thado681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Thirumalai 72THI1972670
3277164541794-kammouth / speech / languagenTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Henderson 65 TidCEJAH-TC0
4429614541925kam²mouthTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC3010
3139404541778kam²bank of a riverTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB5450
3139424541778kam²mouthTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB5460
5002864541983kamBANK / SIDE / SHORE*Central Chin701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2550
4427364541947kâmbank (of a river) side (of a road), shore (of an ocean)Lai (Hakha)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2550
4429594541947kâmmouthLai (Hakha)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC3010
5462454975kámlanguage / mouthLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT5080
117569454978kammouthLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
4427374541924kámbank (of a river, lake), side (of a road), shore or coast (of ocean)nLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2550
4429604541924kámmouthnLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC3010
3139394541779kambankLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB5450
3139414541779kammouthLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB5460
304912454984kambank shore, mouthLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Benedict 72 STCSTC183n4820
71074454984kambank, shore, mouthLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Benedict 72 STCSTC3290
304913454984kha:mprecipiceLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Benedict 72 STCSTC183n4820
3141394541779khaːmprecipiceLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB7170
71075454984khaːmprecipiceLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Benedict 72 STCSTC3290
19880454974khɑːmprecipiceLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Chou 72ACST652k0
19879454974kɑmbank / shore / mouthLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Chou 72ACST652k0
236938m,454976lui◦kambank (edge)Lushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
6188554542228khəmEDGE, BANK*Ao631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Bruhn 14 PCNDWB-PCNII.0820
2369151631,454270tzü◦kümbank (edge)Ao (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
165696p,682,454273tü◦ni◦kamforeheadAo (Mongsen: Longchang)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
236916m,454273yung◦kambank (edge)Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
4511747770,4541963juŋ-khəmriver bank ('river' + 'precipice')n.Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Coupe 07 AoARC-GMA0
4511254541963khəmprecipicen.Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Coupe 07 AoARC-GMA0
4514341269,4541963lùŋ-khə̀mvillage name (Lungkum) ('stone' + 'precipice')n.Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Coupe 07 AoARC-GMA0
4514292658,4541963səŋ◦khə̀mvillage gate (probably 'wood' + 'precipice')n.Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Coupe 07 AoARC-GMA0
450784p,682,4541963[tə]-nik khəmforehead ('eye' + 'precipice')n.Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Coupe 07 AoARC-GMA0
236927m,4541364pe◦khümbank (edge)Sangtam631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
236920m,454906pa◦gembank (edge)Liangmei641.3.3Zeme Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
55946454,m803kan-dahem, edgeKokborok801.7.1.1Bodo1Tripuri 88PT-Kok0
71073m,454579ri◦kambank, margin, rimGaro811.7.1.2Garo1Benedict 72 STCSTC3290
78999454161kyamedge / mouth*Northern Naga121.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1French 83WTF-PNN5240
71070m,m,454685kha, nin◦gambank of a riverJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Benedict 72 STCSTC3290
371672m,m,m,4541814lă³³ka̱³³n⁵⁵kam⁵¹flight of stepsnJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0520.190
31980454676ǹ-|gàmprecipiceJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB1850
71069m,454685ngam (n-|gam)precipitous; precipiceJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Benedict 72 STCSTC3290
622218m,454668níng-gâmflight of stepsJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Dai 83 JingDQ-Jingpho5970
420144541090kᴀm⁵³mouthTshona (Mama)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 80 MLDSLZO-MLD0
126312682,4541455¹mi◦rkameyebrownTamang (Risiangku)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 91 TamQMM-TamRisQ3.4.30
143663454115kommouth*Dum-Thu-Kha772.3.3Central Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71220
143665454544kəmmouthDumi772.3.3Central Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71220
72820454547kəmmouthDumi772.3.3Central Kiranti1Driem 93 DumiSVD-Dum0
72821454,m,m547kəm◦ri◦səmmouthDumi772.3.3Central Kiranti1Driem 93 DumiSVD-Dum0
72822454,366547kəm◦səmmoustacheDumi772.3.3Central Kiranti1Driem 93 DumiSVD-Dum0
147756454,442547kəm◦tsobeak, bill, snout, mouth (of animals).Dumi772.3.3Central Kiranti1Driem 93 DumiSVD-Dum0
147757454,478,686547kəm◦tsok◦silips (human); mouth (buccal cavity) and lips; beak, bill,Dumi772.3.3Central Kiranti1Driem 93 DumiSVD-Dum0
147758454,478,686547kəm◦tsok◦silips (human); mouth (buccal cavity) and lips; beak, bill,Dumi772.3.3Central Kiranti1Driem 93 DumiSVD-Dum0
147759454,m547kəŋ◦kɨlips (human); mouth (buccal cavity) and lips; beak, bill,Dumi772.3.3Central Kiranti1Driem 93 DumiSVD-Dum0
117513454,366755'kwām◦swāmmoustacheKhaling772.3.3Central Kiranti1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
143666454754kwaammouthKhaling772.3.3Central Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71220
5461454753kwamlanguage / mouthKhaling772.3.3Central Kiranti1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT5080
117556454755kwāmmouthKhaling772.3.3Central Kiranti1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
117357454,2095,448755kwām◦to◦tarlipKhaling772.3.3Central Kiranti1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
117355454,686644kum◦tshiŋlipHayu302.3.4Western Kiranti1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
143545454,686643kum◦tsiŋlipHayu302.3.4Western Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71070
143664454,686643kum◦tsiŋ◦lipHayu302.3.4Western Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71220
117512454,1111445gon◦chemoustacheChepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
63585454,1111449gon◦cʰemoustacheChepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 72 CVocSIL-Chep2.A.140
128037454,1111452gon◦chemoustacheChepang (Eastern)282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 90 CheQRC-ChepQ8.1.2.30
127899454452kammouthChepang (Eastern)282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 90 CheQRC-ChepQ3.70
17847681,4541325mi xkameyebrowQiang (Yadu)343.2Qiangic1Dai 89 QianDQ-QiangN1030
130208454,368616kʰom◦ɲebeard / moustacherGyalrong (Eastern)783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 rEQSHK-rGEQ8.1.20
31983m,454401hmut-khâmbank (river) / precipiceBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB1850
192371471,454411hnut khɑm³lipBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC243.390
117330471,454396hnut-khâmlipBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
31981471,454401hnut-khâmlip, brim / upper edge of vesseln.Burmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB1850
71072471,454409hnut-khàmlipBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 72 STCSTC3290
349382471,4541822hnut⁴khɑm³lipnBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0085.260
31105454400kambank / shoreBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 83 TILJAM-TIL360
439291454406kâmgive, transmitBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 76 WBurPKB-WBRD0
439290454406kâmbank of riverBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 76 WBurPKB-WBRD0
71071454,m409kàm |(archaic khàm)bank of a river / seaBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 72 STCSTC3290
236935454392kam:bank (edge)Burmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
117331454396khamlipBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
31106454381khambank / shoreBurmese (Inscriptional)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 83 TILJAM-TIL360
31982454401khâm (obs.)bank (river) / precipiceBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB1850
439312454406khaṁ-mouthBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 76 WBurPKB-WBRD0
117532454,822396kham-twâŋmouthBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
166177471,454392nhut◦kham:lipBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
20412454480kʻəm/kʻɑ̥̂mcliff / bank / steepChinese (Old/Mid)539.0.1Old Chinese0Chou 72ACST6580
31107454475k'âmbank / shoreChinese (Old)539.0.1Old Chinese0Matisoff 83 TILJAM-TIL360

Chinese comparandum

𠪚 OC *k’ɑ̂m~*ngi̯əm, GSR #607f-g ‘precipitous; bank along fields’; Schuessler 2007:332 *khâmʔ; B & S 2011: *N‑qʰˁəmʔ; Mand. kǎn ~ yín ~ ǎn.
嵁/磡 OC *k’əm ~ *k’ɛm ~ *ngəm, GSR #658r ‘cliff; bank; step’; Schuessler 2007:332 *khə̂ms; B & S 2011: (*kʰˁəm‑s); Mand. kàn.
S332


^ 1.
Since the PTB prefix *r‑ regularly develops into the Jingpho syllabic nasal prefix (see STC:109 and HPTB:129), we treat these Jingpho forms as a unit.
^ 2.
Abor-Miri gom ‘speech’; ‑mang NEGATIVE.