Allofams:

1 #1821 *s/g-ray ⪤ way BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR / GOD
1a #449 *g-ray BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR
1b #658 *g-ray GOD / CREATOR
1c #450 *way BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR
1d #5495 *s-ray PLURALIZER

1.0 The Body > 1.1 Body Parts > 1.1.2 Life/Breathe/Exist > 1.1.2.3 Existence

#450 PTB *way BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR

rn	analysis	lgid	reflex	gloss	gfn	language	grpid	grpno	grp	genetic	citation	srcabbr	srcid	rn
515757	449,450	2012	ray ⪤ way	copula / nominalizer / subordinator		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Matisoff 03 HPTB	JAM-HPTB	610	0
217390	450	537	e⁵³	be / copula		Trung [Dulong]	38	4	Nungic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	733.46	0
217441	2436,450	537	mɯ³¹e⁵³	NEG+copula		Trung [Dulong]	38	4	Nungic	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	734.46	0
299558	450	540	e⁵³	be / copula		Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)	38	4	Nungic	1	Sun H 82 Dul	JZ-Dulong		0
299559	2436,450	540	mɯ³¹e⁵³	NEG+copula		Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)	38	4	Nungic	1	Sun H 82 Dul	JZ-Dulong		0
11406	450	152	ʔ-\|way²/\|³	plural		*Loloish	45	6.1.2	Loloish	1	Bradley 79 PLo	DB-PLolo	442/3/4-2	1
621410	450,405	2239	ve³³ ~ ve⁵⁵	subordinator; final particle		Luquan	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Matisoff 03 HPTB	JAM-HPTB	221	0
405884	m,m,450	1841	kɛ³¹ɛ³¹ve³³	clarify / clear up		Lahu (Lancang)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1197.43	0
377864	m,m,450	1841	mi³¹qo¹¹ve³³	trap / pitfall	n	Lahu (Lancang)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0639.43	0
395426	m,m,450	1841	qɛ³¹ɛ³¹ve³³	spacious / commodious	adj	Lahu (Lancang)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0978.43	0
401029	m,450	1841	si¹¹ve³³	dead		Lahu (Lancang)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1089.43	0
400942	m,450	1841	te²¹ve³³	living (adj.)		Lahu (Lancang)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1087.43	0
410642	m,450	1841	tɕhe⁵³ve⁵⁴	shiver / tremble	v.	Lahu (Lancang)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	1303.43	0
395477	6186,m,450	1841	tɕo²¹ɛ³¹ve³³	cramped / narrow	adj	Lahu (Lancang)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0979.43	0
355692	m,m,m,450	1841	tɕɔ²¹pɯ³³ɛ³¹ve³³	hunchback	n	Lahu (Lancang)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0207.43	0
368353	m,m,450	1841	ɕu³⁵ (dɔ⁵⁴ve³³)	cigarette / tobacco	n	Lahu (Lancang)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0455.43	0
118619	5450,m,m,450	832	á-qàʔ yì ve	shit (euph.)		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
441485	3000,m,450	831	bàʔ bà ve	slice off (as a strip of bark)		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 88 DL	JAM-DL	933	2
30076	36,5419,450	833	câ ni ve	try eating; have a taste		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	145	0
441380	58,97,450	831	cê hu ve	raise animals	ov	Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 88 DL	JAM-DL	1072	0
441397	1354,1359,450	831	cha pàʔ ve	copulate with a woman		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 88 DL	JAM-DL	517,814	0
114959	m,450	832	cɨ̀ ve	cough	v.	Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
116078	m,450	832	dì ve	have orgasm		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
29212	1606,m,5795,450	833	g̈âʔ-mu cɨ̂ʔ ve	pluck a chicken's feathers		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	033	0
116430	m,450	832	hwɛ̄ ve	wound		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
174683	650,3493,450	831	jî̵ pí ve	urinate	v	Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 88 DL	JAM-DL	p. 582	0
148780	2453,174,450	834	mì hā ve	rough ground		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 93 PC	JAM-II		0
148755	2473,105,450	831	mû qhâʔ ve	drought, be a; not have rain		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 88 DL	JAM-DL	p. 993	0
146147	2473,m,m,m,450	833	mû-ni cè ko ve	for the sun to be encircled by a colored haze		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	013	0
146315	681,m,m,450	833	mɛ̂ʔ še e ve	look at sthg sidelong; squint at out of the corner of one's eye		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	180	0
115118	811,1409,1409,450	832	nā-pɔ pô ve	deaf		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
29946	m,m,450	833	nê te ve	appease the spirits		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	122	0
118193	m,m,450	832	ôʔ e ve	blister		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
115025	1752,450	832	qā ve	dumb / mute		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
115775	572,m,450	832	qhɛ̂ tɛ̀ʔ ve	flatulent; fart		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
173028	32,1007,450	831	šá chêʔ ve	die (breath is cut off)	v	Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 88 DL	JAM-DL	p. 1160	0
150515	32,1810,450	831	šá g̈ɔ̀ ve	breathe ("draw breath")		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 88 DL	JAM-DL	1160	0
148827	32,1810,450	831	šá g̈ɔ̀ ve	draw breath;inhale		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 88 DL	JAM-DL	p.1160	0
441441	m,502,450	831	šú dɔ̀ ve	smoke tobacco		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 88 DL	JAM-DL	1193	0
30077	m,5419,450	833	te ni ve	try doing		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	145	0
585975	2202,m,450	831	tɔ̀ʔ-nà ve	revolted by the thought of eating; be unable to stand food	be v.	Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 88 DL	JAM-DL	667	0
621411	450	831	ve	nominalizer; relativizer; genitivizer		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 88 DL	JAM-DL	1330	0
150506	1012,97,450	831	yâ hu ve	be pregnant, raise a child	be	Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 88 DL	JAM-DL	1259	0
148835	127,130,m,450	831	yɨ̀ʔ-mɨ́ gə̀ʔ ve	sleepy		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 88 DL	JAM-DL	p.1301	0
148834	127,130,m,450	831	yɨ̀ʔ-mɨ́ qa ve	fall asleep; be asleep		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 88 DL	JAM-DL	p.1301	0
441343	p,3583,p,3583,m,273,450	831	ɔ̀-bâ=ɔ̀-bâ-nâ qay ve	come in waves	v	Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 88 DL	JAM-DL	p929	0
113925	p,227,m,450	832	ɔ̀-kɨ cɔ̀ ve	brave	be v.	Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
117484	5450,m,m,450	832	ɔ̀-lî yàʔ ve	menses		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
311367	p,301,301,450	831	ɔ̀-u u ve	lay an egg		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 88 DL	JAM-DL	135	0
29213	m,2185,5795,m,450	833	ɔ̀-vêʔ cɨ̂ʔ-g̈ɔ̀ ve	pluck a flower		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	033	0
113847	3443,450	832	ə̀ʔ ve	belch	v.	Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
116647	3443,450	832	ə̂ʔ ve	hiccup	v.	Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 87 BP	JAM-Ety		0
585974	576,576,m,450	831	ɛ̀-ɛ̀ te ve	[baby-talk] make poo-poo; make caca		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 88 DL	JAM-DL	129	0
302885	m,450	856	tɕhe⁵ve¹	this one		Lahu (Yellow)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Chang 86	JZ-Lahu		0
302921	450	856	ve¹	relativizing particle		Lahu (Yellow)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Chang 86	JZ-Lahu		0
620479	450,450	2221	ø ~ ø̀	subordinator; citation-form marker; terminator of utterances in declarative mood		Akha	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Matisoff 03 HPTB	JAM-HPTB	221	0

Chinese comparandum

惟 OC *d’i̯wər, GSR #575n ‘namely; copula’; Schuessler 2007:510 *wi; B & S 2011: *ɢʷij; Mand. wéi.

^ 1.

A PLB reconstruction with *ʔr‑ seems preferable, since *ʔw‑ becomes Lahu f‑.

^ 2.

Lahu bà means ‘throw away’ in isolation, but as an auxiliary verb means ‘to perform an action so that something is gotten rid of’. See HPTB, p. 231.