STEDT Etymon #443
7.0 Adjectival Verbs > 7.1 Adjectives and attributives > 7.1.2 Quantity/Degree/Temperature > 7.1.2.3 Temperature
#443 PTB *m/s-glak ⪤ *m-glaŋ COLD / FREEZE |
There is a well-established allofam with a homorganic final nasal m‑glaŋ, see HPTB:325. This nasal-final allofam has also acquired a nasal prefix in Lolo-Burmese: cf. WT graŋ‑ba, Trung glaŋ, Lahu gɔ̀.
| rn | analysis | lgid | reflex | gloss | gfn | language | grpid | grpno | grp | genetic | citation | srcabbr | srcid | rn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 76724 | 443 | 168 | gljang | cool / cold | *Sino-Tibetan | 1 | 0 | Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Coblin 86 | WSC-SH | 58 | 0 | |
| 514988 | 443 | 2012 | glaŋ | cold / freeze | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Matisoff 03 HPTB | JAM-HPTB | 590 | 0 | |
| 514989 | 443 | 2012 | graŋ | cold / freeze | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Matisoff 03 HPTB | JAM-HPTB | 590 | 0 | |
| 72068 | 443 | 182 | graŋ | cold (weather) | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 120 | 0 | |
| 19930 | 443 | 174 | grɑŋ | cold | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Chou 72 | ACST | 755l | 0 | |
| 514991 | 443 | 2012 | m/|ʔ-|glak | cold / freeze | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Matisoff 03 HPTB | JAM-HPTB | 590 | 0 | |
| 225094 | p,443 | 1431 | a³³ɣɯək³³ | cold | Sulung [Puroik] | 4 | 1.1 | “North Assam” | 0 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 884.52 | 0 | |
| 316230 | 443 | 1779 | Tang | dry | vi | Lushai [Mizo] | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | Bhaskararao 96 CDB | PB-CLDB | 2923 | 0 |
| 69962 | 443 | 984 | ṭaŋ | dry | Lushai [Mizo] | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 120 | 0 | |
| 69963 | m,443 | 984 | ṭaŋ-thoːm | cold (weather) | Lushai [Mizo] | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 120 | 0 | |
| 619406 | p,443 | 2229 | a-tshak | COLD | be v. | *Central Naga | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Bruhn 14 PCN | DWB-PCN | III.247 | 0 |
| 618954 | p,443 | 2228 | a.tʃhək | FEEL COLD | *Ao | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Bruhn 14 PCN | DWB-PCN | II.181 | 0 | |
| 619610 | p,443 | 2226 | a³-sək¹ | feel cold | v. | Ao (Chungli) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Bruhn 14 PCN | DWB-PCN | II.181 | 0 |
| 617972 | p,443,m | 275 | ³a¹sɯk¹wa | winter | Ao (Chungli) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 1002 | 0 | |
| 260357 | p,443,m | 273 | a◦tsak◦yim | winter | Ao (Mongsen: Longchang) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 450411 | p,443 | 1963 | a◦tshə́k | cold (bodily sensation) | be v. | Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Coupe 07 Ao | ARC-GMA | 0 | |
| 620291 | 443 | 2231 | tshək²- | feel cold | v. | Lotha Naga | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Bruhn 14 PCN | DWB-PCN | III.247 | 0 |
| 260362 | p,443,m | 963 | e◦tsak◦o | winter | Lotha Naga | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 239122 | 443 | 1364 | cha | cold | Sangtam | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 239131 | p,443 | 1640 | a◦chik | cold | Yacham-Tengsa | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 618371 | p,443,m | 2206 | a◦thsak muro | cold | Yimchungrü | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Kumar 73 Yim | BBK-Yim | 50 | 0 | |
| 69964 | m,443 | 1068 | niŋ-kreŋ | cold weather, winter | Mikir [Karbi] | 14 | 1.5 | Mikir [Karbi] | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 120 | 0 | |
| 303430 | m,443 | 1068 | paŋ-kleŋ | freeze, congeal | Mikir [Karbi] | 14 | 1.5 | Mikir [Karbi] | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 39n124 | 0 | |
| 533239 | 443 | 2064 | cək | cold | *Bodo-Garo | 16 | 1.7.1 | Bodo-Garo | 1 | Burling 59 PBo | RB-PB | 440 | 0 | |
| 473623 | 443 | 1973 | chek- | cold | adj1 | Atong | 82 | 1.7.1.3 | Koch | 1 | van Breugel 08 Atong | SVB-GA | 0 | |
| 473753 | 443 | 1973 | chyk- | cold | adj1 | Atong | 82 | 1.7.1.3 | Koch | 1 | van Breugel 08 Atong | SVB-GA | 0 | |
| 474895 | 2445,443 | 1973 | mai◦chek | cold rice | n | Atong | 82 | 1.7.1.3 | Koch | 1 | van Breugel 08 Atong | SVB-GA | 0 | |
| 474896 | 2445,443 | 1973 | mai◦chyk | cold rice | n | Atong | 82 | 1.7.1.3 | Koch | 1 | van Breugel 08 Atong | SVB-GA | 0 | |
| 225071 | 443,s | 1092 | cek⁵³pᴀ⁵³ | cold | Tshona (Mama) | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 884.6 | 0 | |
| 399697 | 443,s | 1850 | chek⁵⁵pa⁵³ | cold (water) | Cuona Menba | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1063.06 | 0 | |
| 180546 | 443,s | 1557 | chak⁵³paʔ⁵³ | ice | Tibetan (Lhasa) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 11.2 | 0 | |
| 345817 | 443,s | 1815 | chak⁵⁵pa⁵² | ice | n | Tibetan (Lhasa) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0017.02 | 0 |
| 239144 | 443,s | 1564 | graṅ-ba | cold | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 399692 | 443,s | 1804 | graŋ mo | cold (weather, water) | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1063.01 | 0 | |
| 147500 | 443,s | 1578 | graŋ-ba | cold, cool; coldness; to get / grow cold | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 120 | 0 | |
| 225044 | 443,s | 1582 | graŋ◦mo | cold | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 884.1 | 0 | |
| 180521 | 443,s | 1582 | khjags pa | ice | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 11.1 | 0 | |
| 303427 | 443,s | 1578 | khyag(s)-pa | frozen, ice, frost, cold | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 39n124 | 0 | |
| 239143 | 443,s | 1564 | khyags◦pa | cold | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 416677 | 443,m | 1804 | ɦkhjag thebs | freeze / ice up | v. | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1440.01 | 0 |
| 345816 | 443,s | 1804 | ɦkhjags pa | ice | n | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0017.01 | 0 |
| 303428 | 443 | 900 | hyáŋ | cold | Lepcha | 21 | 2.1.3 | Lepcha | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 39n124 | 0 | |
| 269499 | 443,s | 752 | 'chak◦pāe | cold | Khaling | 77 | 2.3.3 | Central Kiranti | 1 | Hale 73 CSD | AH-CSDPN | 01.094 | 0 | |
| 168048 | 443 | 1545 | chək- | cold (of food, etc.) | vs. | Thulung | 30 | 2.3.4 | Western Kiranti | 1 | Allen 75 | NJA-Thulung | 0 | |
| 303429 | 443 | 1765 | glaŋ | cold | Trung [Dulong] | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 39n124 | 0 | |
| 303431 | 443b | 149 | ngraŋ | cold | *Lolo-Burmese | 42 | 6.1 | Lolo-Burmese | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 39n124 | 0 | |
| 167758 | 443a | 146 | ʔkrak | dry | *Lolo-Burmese | 42 | 6.1 | Lolo-Burmese | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 53 | 0 | |
| 34945 | 443a | 290 | hkrau' | dry | Arakanese | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Okell 71 | JO-PB | 0 | ||
| 397974 | 443a | 1829 | kja̱uʔ⁵⁵ | dry | Bola (Luxi) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1028.32 | 0 | |
| 397969 | 443a | 1823 | tɕhɑuʔ⁴ | dry | Burmese (Rangoon) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1028.27 | 0 | |
| 411923 | 443a | 1823 | tɕhɑuʔ⁴ | dry, be | v. | Burmese (Rangoon) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1333.27 | 0 |
| 34942 | 443a | 387 | hcau' | dry | Burmese (Standard Spoken) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Okell 71 | JO-PB | 0 | ||
| 224068 | 443a | 1428 | tɕhɑuʔ⁴⁴ | dry | Burmese (Spoken Rangoon) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 864.40 | 0 | |
| 303881 | 443a | 409 | khrauk | dry | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 76n232 | 0 | |
| 240395 | 443a | 392 | khrok | dry | adj | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | |
| 397975 | 443a | 1830 | kju̱ːʔ⁵⁵ | dry | Leqi (Luxi) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1028.33 | 0 | |
| 303424 | 443a | 1032 | kyòʔ | cold | Maru [Langsu] | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 39n124 | 0 | |
| 34949 | 443a | 1029 | tjaù' | dry | Maru [Langsu] | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Okell 71 | JO-PB | 0 | ||
| 399721 | 443a | 1827 | kjoʔ²¹ | cold (weather, water) | Atsi [Zaiwa] | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1063.30 | 0 | |
| 225089 | 443a | 1693 | kjoʔ²¹ | cold | Atsi [Zaiwa] | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 884.42 | 0 | |
| 303423 | 443a | 1691 | kyoʔ | cold | Atsi [Zaiwa] | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 39n124 | 0 | |
| 303422 | 443a | 844 | kâʔ | cold | Lahu | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 39n124 | 0 | |
| 399734 | 443a | 1841 | kɑ⁵⁴ | cold (weather, water) | Lahu (Lancang) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1063.43 | 0 | |
| 33437 | 443b | 839 | gɔ̀ | cold | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 99(c) | 0 | |
| 30588 | 443a | 835 | kâʔ | cold | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 78 MLBM | JAM-MLBM | 21 | 0 | |
| 33436 | 443a | 839 | kâʔ | cold | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 99(b) | 0 | |
| 225059 | 443a | 851 | kᴀ⁵⁴ | cold | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 884.33 | 0 | |
| 302793 | 443a | 856 | ka⁶ | cold | Lahu (Yellow) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Chang 86 | JZ-Lahu | 0 | ||
| 303426 | 443a | 940 | dźya | cold | Lisu | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 39n124 | 0 | |
| 33432 | 443a | 234 | ga HS| | cold | Akha | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 99(a) | 0 | |
| 134435 | 443a | 228 | gaq | cold | Akha | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Hansson 89 AHKP | ILH-PL | 448 | 0 | |
| 137256 | 443a | 243 | gaq | feel cold | Akha (Thai) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Hansson 89 AHKP | ILH-PL | 448 | 0 | |
| 303425 | 443a | 1717 | gáʔ | cold | Akha | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 39n124 | 0 | |
| 137257 | m,443a,443a | 244 | jɔ gaq gaq | feel cold | Akha (Yunnan) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Hansson 89 AHKP | ILH-PL | 448 | 0 | |
| 20445 | 443 | 480 | /gli̯ɑng | cool | Chinese (Old/Mid) | 53 | 9.0.1 | Old Chinese | 0 | Chou 72 | ACST | 755l | 0 | |
| 295764 | 443 | 471 | g-|rjang | cold | Chinese (Old) | 53 | 9.0.1 | Old Chinese | 0 | Baxter 92 | WHB-OC | 1429 | 0 | |
| 294569 | 443 | 471 | g-|rjang | chilly / cold | Chinese (Old) | 53 | 9.0.1 | Old Chinese | 0 | Baxter 92 | WHB-OC | 266 | 0 | |
| 294920 | 443 | 471 | g-|rjang | cool / cold | Chinese (Old) | 53 | 9.0.1 | Old Chinese | 0 | Baxter 92 | WHB-OC | 580 | 0 | |
| 294957 | 443 | 471 | g-|rjang | cool | Chinese (Old) | 53 | 9.0.1 | Old Chinese | 0 | Baxter 92 | WHB-OC | 625 | 0 | |
| 19929 | 443 | 469 | gli̯ɑng | cool | Chinese (Old) | 53 | 9.0.1 | Old Chinese | 0 | Chou 72 | ACST | 755l | 0 |
涼 OC *gli̯ɑng, GSR #755l ‘chilly’; Schuessler 2007:355; B & S 2011: *C.raŋ; Mand. liáng ‘cool, chilly’, liàng ‘to cool, chill’.
霜 OC *ṣi̯ɑng, GSR #731g ‘frost’; Schuessler 2007:355; B & S 2011: *sraŋ {[s]raŋ}; Mand. shuāng.
leng
Also S276, S275