6.0 Verbs of Motion, of Manipulation, and of Production > 6.11 Digging, excavation

#3573 PTB *s/m-du DIG / HOE

Reconstructed mesoroots below:

Loloish has a simplex / causative pair from this etymon, e.g. Lahu dû ‘dig’ < PLB *n‑du²tū ‘bury something’ < PLB *ʔ‑du².

Tamangic and Kuki-Chin have developed the nominal meaning HOE from this root.

rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
76713573175tudigv.*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2680
607033573181tudig*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB410
722073573182tudig*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Benedict 72 STCSTC2580
5159573573,35732012tu ⪤ s/|m-|dudig*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB6150
2831133573173dudig*Tani51.1.1Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST1040
1530133573285digApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1530243573,6426285du-liŋdig outApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1733743573333dudigBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
1530163573334dudigBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
41749835731820dudig / excavatev.Bokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1458.240
1733753573360du ʻdig (well)ʼdigBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
1530183573,m365du(-koŋ)dig (~a well)Bokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
453983573,s564du:-namdigvGalo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 63 GalKDG-IGL0
4906253573,s1979`du◦namdig (by scraping)vt.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
220143573,s1078du-namsound, digMiri, Hill731.1.1.1Western Tani1Simon 76 MiriIMS-HMLG0
466263573,s1444du-namdig (by dibble)Tagin731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 83 TagKDG-Tag0
17337635731253dudigPadam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
34033335731800ʼtudigDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Anonymous xx TarNEFA-Taraon0
589443573526thudigDigaro61.1.2Deng1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB410
707203573527thudigDigaro61.1.2Deng1Benedict 72 STCSTC2580
50023235731920tuuHOEn*Chin81.2Kuki-Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2010
44249335731930tuhoePaite681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2010
44249235731925tu³hoeTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2010
31545735731778tuː³hoeTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB18410
32820035731794ˋtuːhoenTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Henderson 65 TidCEJAH-TC0
44249035731947tu-hmûyhoeLai (Hakha)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2010
44249135731923tùuhoeLai (Falam)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2010
44248935731921hoe, a native spadenLakher [Mara]711.2.3Maraic1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2010
618805p,35732228a-tu(ʔ)DIG*Ao631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Bruhn 14 PCNDWB-PCNII.0320
50600135731991-túdigv.Ao (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Temsunungsang 09 AoTT-APPA80
619657p,35732226a³-tu³digv.Ao (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Bruhn 14 PCNDWB-PCNII.0320
239994p,3573270a◦todigAo (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
4346p,3573275³a³tudigv.Ao (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2680
2399953573273thudigAo (Mongsen: Longchang)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
4506733573,s1963tù-tʃhətdig out [dug out] ('dig' + ABIL)v.Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Coupe 07 AoARC-GMA0
45067235731963tùʔdig [dug]v.Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Coupe 07 AoARC-GMA0
24002235731041toudigMeithei131.4Meithei1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
786903573161tʰudigv.*Northern Naga121.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1French 83WTF-PNN4770
24000435731188thudigNocte841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
434035731187²thu(ʔ)digv.Nocte841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2680
2399963573429thudigChang851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2400193573669htudigJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
319363573676thùdigJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB1960
589403573684thudigJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB410
707223573685thudigJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Benedict 72 STCSTC2580
3344763573679thu³¹digJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Liu 84JZ-Jingpo0
42879035731814thu³¹dig / scoop outv.Jingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1698.190
2104293573690thu³¹digJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC597.470
43413573667¹thudigv.Jingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2680
45206735731964thudigSak401.7.3.2Asakian1Huziwara 08 SakHK-Sak2320
54558335732112dəu-digRaji202.1.1Western Himalayish0Krishan 2003SK-TBLUP1820
50502335731988dú~dúndigv.Lepcha212.1.3Lepcha1Plaisier 07 LepchaHP-GL0
483003573171ᴮtoː / ᴮtwohoen*TGTM232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 78 TamMM-K78220
1771003573172ᴮtoːhoen*TGTM232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis4730
479463573603²tuhoenGurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 78 TamMM-K78220
799383573999doː¹hoenManang (Gyaru)232.1.4Tamangish1Nagano 84 ManYN-Man118-090
4794735731001²tohoenManang (Ngawal)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 78 TamMM-K78220
17709935731003²tohoenManang (Prakaa)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis4730
2130435731002¹tohoenManang (Prakaa)232.1.4Tamangish1Hoshi 84HM-Prak0609a0
4794135731454²toːhoenTamang (Risiangku)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 78 TamMM-K78220
17709535731467toːhoenTamang (Taglung)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis4730
4794235731466²toːhoenTamang (Taglung)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 78 TamMM-K78220
4794435731523²tohoenThakali (Marpha)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 78 TamMM-K78220
17709635731524⁵⁴tohoenThakali (Marpha)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis4730
4794535731525ᴴtohoenThakali (Syang)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 78 TamMM-K78220
4794335731529ᴴtohoenThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 78 TamMM-K78220
745853573911tɔ-sew, digv.Limbu312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Michailovsky 89 LmBM-Lim0
34384935731801TudigvBantawa762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Rai 85 BnDsNKR-Bant0
589423573647dudigHayu302.3.4Western Kiranti1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB410
707193573648dudigHayu302.3.4Western Kiranti1Benedict 72 STCSTC2580
403737p,35731812thi³³◦tu⁵⁵digXumi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1150.170
403734p,35731809ŋo⁵⁵ ty⁵⁵digZhaba (Daofu County)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1150.140
567737p,35732168ka'◦tudig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Maerkang Benzhen Yingbolo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
608922m,3573,m,35732171khe22 du44 ka22 tu44dig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Maerkang Bola (C))783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
567319m,3573,m,35732167kʰaⁱ◦tu'◦ka◦tudig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Maerkang Baiwan Muerji)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
578181m,164,m,35732186kʰa◦pok̚◦kə'◦tədig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Maerkang Zhuokeji Xisuo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
569809m,3573,m,35732169kʰe22 du44 ka22 tu44dig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Maerkang Bola (A))783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
566094m,3573,m,m2163kʰej⁵du⁵kaj⁵wa³dig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Lixian Shangmeng Rajipu)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
557340m,3573,m,35732144kʰej◦du'◦ka◦tudig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Hongyuan Shuajinsi Selong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
564444m,3573,m,35732159kʰej◦tə'◦ka◦tədig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Lixian Guergou)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
563641m,3573,m,35732157kʰe³də⁵ka³tə³dig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Jinchuan Wanlin Xilizhai)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
576118m,3573,m,35732183kʰe◦du'◦ka◦tudig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Maerkang Soman Seermi)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
561183m,3573,m,35732151kʰe◦du'◦ka◦tədig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Jinchuan Kalajiao)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
577764m,m,p,35732185kʰo◦pɔ'◦ka◦tudig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Maerkang Songgang Zhibo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
586582m,m,p,35732166kʰə po ka-tudig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Lixian Xuecheng Jiamizhai)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
564046m,m,p,35732158kʰə pok̚ ka tədig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Lixian Ganbao)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
557748m,m,p,35732145kʰə³bok̚³ka³tə⁵dig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Jinchuan Cengda)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
558147m,m,p,35732146kʰə³pok̚³ka³tə⁵dig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Jinchuan Dusong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
560350m,m,p,35732149kʰə³pok̚⁵ko³tə³dig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Jinchuan Hedong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
561594m,m,p,35732152kʰə◦pok̚'◦ka◦tadig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Jinchuan Maerbang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
555693m,m,p,35732140kʰə◦pok̚'◦ka◦tudig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Heishui Luhua)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
565680m,m,p,35732162kʰə◦pok̚'◦ka◦tədig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Lixian Putou)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
572264p,3573,m,35732174kʰɛ◦du'◦ka◦tudig (a hole)vtrGyalrong (Maerkang Dangba Geerda)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD11280
589433573610tudigrGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB410
707183573611tudigrGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Benedict 72 STCSTC2580
5894535731203dudigAnong384Nungic1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB410
7072135731205dudigAnong384Nungic1Benedict 72 STCSTC2580
5029053573,m,m1982du³¹ ɔ³¹ ɛ³³dig/scoop outvt.Rawang384Nungic1LaPolla 03RJL-Rawang14580
42879135731816du⁵³dig / scoop outv.Dulong384Nungic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1698.200
589393573539du⁵³digTrung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)384Nungic1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB410
3036853573149dudig*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Benedict 72 STCSTC62n1960
2881103573201tu³¹digAchang (Lianghe)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
1676603573203tu³¹digAchang (Lianghe)446.1.1Burmish1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB410
589463573206tu³¹digAchang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB410
42879935731824tu³¹dig / scoop outv.Achang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1698.280
2104263573200tu³¹digAchang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC597.410
42880035731825tu³¹dig / scoop outv.Achang (Xiandao)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1698.290
40374635731823tu⁵⁵digBurmese (Rangoon)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1150.270
41750035731823tu⁵⁵dig / excavatev.Burmese (Rangoon)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1458.270
42879835731823tu⁵⁵dig / scoop outv.Burmese (Rangoon)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1698.270
21045135731428tu⁵⁵digBurmese (Spoken Rangoon)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC597.400
43313573390digv.Burmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2680
1333533573394digBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL1630
319373573401digBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB1960
4405383573406digv.Burmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 76 WBurPKB-WBRD0
589413573407tudigBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB410
707233573409tudigBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 72 STCSTC2580
40374535731822tu³digBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1150.260
41749935731822tu³dig / excavatev.Burmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1458.260
42879735731822tu³dig / scoop outv.Burmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1698.260
2104253573411tu³digBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC597.390
2337593573653digHpun (Northern)446.1.1Burmish1Henderson 86 HpunEJAH-Hpun0
42880435731830tuː³³dig / scoop outv.Leqi (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1698.330
45304135731965digMarma446.1.1Burmish1Huziwara 08 SakHK-Sak2320
433235731679digv.Atsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2680
43363573151m-|du²digv.*Loloish456.1.2Loloish1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2680
120213573152m-|du²dig*Loloish456.1.2Loloish1Bradley 79 PLoDB-PLolo6190
1333523573153mdu²dig*Loloish456.1.2Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL1630
31250735731782kɛ²¹starLipho466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 86 CSCK-CS35.0
41750435731831du⁵⁵dig / excavatev.Nusu (Central)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1458.340
21044235731658ndu³³digYi (Dafang)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC597.220
46269635731962ndu³³dig (excavate); excavateYi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
21041835731662dɯ²¹digYi (Mile)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC597.250
40376435731835dɯ¹¹digYi (Wuding)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1150.380
41751435731842tu³³dig / excavatev.Jinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1458.440
2104483573696tu³³digJinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC597.340
3012513573700tu⁴⁴digJinuo (Youle)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Gai 86JZ-Jinuo0
42881535731842tu⁴⁴dig / scoop outv.Jinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1698.440
42881435731841du⁵³dig / scoop outv.Lahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1698.430
319403573838buryLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB1960
43353573226digv.Akha486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2680
1354993573243digAkha (Thai)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL1630
1355003573244digAkha (Yunnan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL1630
1333543573228digAkha486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL1630
1419933573346digBisu486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Bradley 9x BisuDB-Bisu0
1355023573633digHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL1630
41751135731839du³¹dig / excavatev.Hani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1458.410
42881235731839du³¹dig / scoop outv.Hani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1698.410
2104463573418tv̩³¹digHani (Caiyuan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC597.300
3003173573630du³¹digHani (Gelanghe)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Li Yongsui 86 HaniJZ-Hani0
1355013573635dduqdigHani (Wordlist)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL1630
1355053573638tv̩³¹digHaoni486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL1630
21044735731416tv̩³¹digHani (Shuikui)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC597.320
1355033573784digHani (Khatu)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL1630
41751235731840tv̩³¹dig / excavatev.Hani (Mojiang)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1458.420
42881335731840tv̩³¹dig / scoop outv.Hani (Mojiang)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1698.420
13335935731115tu¹digMpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL1630
43529335731120tu¹digMpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Srinuan 76SD-MPD0
52087335732018də¹³dig (a hole)Southern Muji756.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish1Pelkey 11 PhulaJP-CPL6660
51847935732016ⁿtu³¹dig (a hole)Phola756.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish1Pelkey 11 PhulaJP-CPL6660
52207635732019ⁿdə¹³dig (a hole)Hlepho Phowa756.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish1Pelkey 11 PhulaJP-CPL6660
51965335732017dɛ³¹dig (a hole)Phuza756.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish1Pelkey 11 PhulaJP-CPL6660
51725135731999ɖɯ˩carve, engravev.Laze (Xiangjiao)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze127530
51275335731998dv˧digv.Na (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze10
21042035731676dv³³dig (ditch)Naxi (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC597.290
41751535731843dv̩³³dig / excavatev.Naxi436.2Naxi1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1458.450
41847035731843dv̩³³carve / engravev.Naxi436.2Naxi1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1479.450
42881635731843dv̩³³dig / scoop outv.Naxi436.2Naxi1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1698.450
2104453573908ndv³³digNaxi (Lijiang)436.2Naxi1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC597.280
40376035731846thue⁵⁵digBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1150.480

Chinese comparandum

突 OC *t’wət ~ *d’wət, GSR #489a ‘break/burst/dig through; suddenly’; Schuessler 2007:501 *thût ~ *dût; B & S 2011: *m‑tʰˁut ~ *tʰˁut; Mand. .