1.0 The Body > 1.8 Secretions and Somatophonics > 1.8.3 Spit/Saliva > 1.8.3.5 Hiccup

#3443 PTB *ʔik HICCOUGH / BELCH

Reconstructed mesoroots below:

This obviously onomatopoetic root is quite widespread in the family. Occasionally there are phonological differences in a given languages between HICCUP and BELCH, e.g. Lahu ə̀ʔ ve ‘belch’ and ə̂ʔ ve ‘hiccup’.

The PLB reconstruction *ut given in LTSR #161 is erroneous, as can be seen from the extra-Lolo-Burmese cognates with final ‑k.

rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
407964p,34431819tɑ³¹ɯk³⁵hiccupv.Kaman [Miju]61.1.2Deng1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1244.230
39977m,3443590ɹɯ³¹ ɑk⁵⁵hiccupKaman [Miju]61.1.2Deng1Sun H 80 MLDSLZO-MLD0
408000m,34431819ɹɯ³¹ɑk⁵⁵belchv.Kaman [Miju]61.1.2Deng1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1245.230
50049734431920ʔirʔBELCH / SPEW*Chin81.2Kuki-Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC4660
34282234431802ibburp / belchKuki-Chin681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Haokip 98Qbp-KC11.60
342818m,34431802sa◦ibhiccupKuki-Chin681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Haokip 98Qbp-KC11.20
44384834431930ikspewPaite681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC4660
443849m,3443,m,m1927sā ik suak hībelchSizang681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC4660
29284734431509íʔbelchThado681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Thirumalai 72THI1972250
44384734431926ʔiʔ-INVbelchThado681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC4660
31390734431778ik³ > i?³belchvTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB5180
44384634431925ik³ > iʔ³belchTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC4660
17048834431597ik³/iʔ³belchTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Bhaskararao 94 TCVPB-TCV0
443844m,34431947tsîŋ ʔirʔ-INVbelch, spewLai (Hakha)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC4660
31599534431779irbelchvLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB24990
1138643443978ir'belchv.Lushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
1138653443978irhbelchv.Lushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
44384534431924ìrhbelch, to eructate, to spewvLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC4660
1166653443,m978irh-fiakhiccupv.Lushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
116664m,m,3443871chua cha uahiccupv.Lakher [Mara]711.2.3Maraic1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
113863m,3443871pa-uabelchv.Lakher [Mara]711.2.3Maraic1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
34316334431803euburp / belchSema [Sumi]651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Achumi 98Qbp-Sumi11.60
116667m,3443,m1064hai-ik keranghiccupv.Mikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
11386834431123örbelchv.Mru151.6Mru1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
467911m,3443,m1945ti•-ik-ahiccupviGaro (Bangladesh)811.7.1.2Garo1Burling 03 GaroRB-LMMG9.44-II:idx0
116645p,3443,p,3443671gǎ◦e◦~◦kə◦ehiccupv.Jingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
116644p,3443671gə◦ehiccupv.Jingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
407960p,34431814kă³¹eʔ⁵⁵hiccupv.Jingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1244.190
116646p,3443671kə◦éʔhiccupv.Jingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
12712734431426ikhiccupSpiti242.1.2.1Tibetan1Bodh 91CB-SpitiQ11.20
4079423443,m,m1804ʔig ga rgjaghiccupv.Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1244.010
11666934431568ʼighiccup, sobTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
4787333443,m1977ʔəʔ.phukburp, belch (esp. when due to an upset stomach)n.Chepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 00 ChepangRC-DOC0
1138543443,m763a◦phubelchv.Kham282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
126783443,m766ə◦phuːbelchv.Kham282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Watters 89 KhQDNW-KhamQ2.B.2.10
667463443,m766ə◦pʰuːbelchv.Kham282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Watters 89 KhQDNW-KhamQ2.B.2.10
40139m,3443538daʔ⁵⁵ aʔ⁵⁵burp, belchTrung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)384Nungic1Sun H 82 DulJZ-Dulong0
40140m,3443538tɯ³¹ ɯʔhiccupTrung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)384Nungic1Sun H 82 DulJZ-Dulong0
17529m,m,3443209cɤ⁵⁵ kɤk⁵⁵ ɤk⁵⁵hiccup / belchAchang (Xiandao)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 89 XianDQ-Xiandao17240
407969m,m,34431825cɤ⁵⁵kɤk⁵⁵ɤk⁵⁵hiccupv.Achang (Xiandao)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1244.290
13275p,3443,m370a³¹ jə̱k⁵⁵ tʰauŋ³⁵hiccup / belchBola446.1.1Burmish1Dai 89 BolaDQ-Bola17240
407972p,3443,m1829a³¹ə̱k⁵⁵thauŋ³⁵hiccupv.Bola (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1244.320
4079713443,m1828a̱k⁵⁵thauŋ³¹hiccupv.Langsu (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1244.310
156653443,m886ə̱k⁵⁵ thuŋ⁵⁵hiccupLashi446.1.1Burmish1Dai 89 LashDQ-Lashi11.20
156683443,m886ə̱k⁵⁵ thuŋ⁵⁵burp / belchLashi446.1.1Burmish1Dai 89 LashDQ-Lashi11.60
4079733443,m1830ə̱k⁵⁵thuŋ⁵⁵hiccupv.Leqi (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1244.330
154133443,m1024a̱k⁵⁵ thauŋ³¹hiccupMaru [Langsu]446.1.1Burmish1Dai 89 LangDQ-Langsu11.20
154163443,m1024a̱k⁵⁵ thauŋ³¹burp / belchMaru [Langsu]446.1.1Burmish1Dai 89 LangDQ-Langsu11.60
158943443,m958ɤ³¹ phv̩³¹burp / belchLolopho456.1.2Loloish1Dai 89 LoloDQ-Lolopho11.60
138873443,m584ɣɤ³⁵ ta⁵³hiccupGazhuo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Dai 89 GazhDQ-Gazhuo11.20
138903443,m584ɣɤ³⁵ ta⁵³burp / belchGazhuo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Dai 89 GazhDQ-Gazhuo11.60
4079873443,m1845ɣɤ³⁵ta⁵³hiccupv.Gazhuo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1244.470
1609134431218iɯ̱³¹hiccup / belchNusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Dai 89 NusADQ-NusuA1724.0
1633934431216iɯ̱⁵³hiccup / belchNusu (Central)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Dai 89 NusBDQ-NusuB1724.0
40797434431831iɯ̱⁵³hiccupv.Nusu (Central)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1244.340
4632273443,m,m1962o²¹li²¹phu²¹belch; nauseated, feelYi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
4079773443,m,m1834ə²¹phə²¹tə³³hiccupv.Yi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1244.370
407976p,3443,m1833ɑ²¹ɣu²¹mɯ⁵⁵hiccupv.Yi (Weishan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1244.360
40797834431835ɤ¹¹hiccupv.Yi (Wuding)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1244.380
40800434431835ɤ¹¹belchv.Yi (Wuding)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1245.380
99023443,m,m1667o²¹-li²¹-pʰu²¹belchYi (Xide)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 79 YiChCSL-YIzd0
4080033443,m,m1832o²¹li²¹phu²¹belchv.Yi (Xide)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1245.350
9954m,34431667si²¹ o⁵⁵hiccupYi (Xide)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Chen 79 YiChCSL-YIzd0
407975m,34431832si²¹o⁵⁵hiccupv.Yi (Xide)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1244.350
2841943443,m,m210xɯ³³to̱²¹da²¹hiccupAhi476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ11.20
476013443,m,m216xɯ⁵⁵ ʈo̱²¹ dɑ²¹hiccupAhi476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Luo 90LMZ-AhiQ11.20
476053443,m,m216xɯ⁵⁵ ʈo̱²¹ dɑ²¹burp / belchAhi476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Luo 90LMZ-AhiQ11.60
4079843443,m1842ə³¹m̩⁴⁴hiccupv.Jinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1244.440
143493443,m698ɤ³¹ m̩³¹hiccup / belchJinuo (Baya/Banai)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Dai 89 JinADQ-JinA17860
145773443697ɤ⁵⁵hiccup / belchJinuo (Baka)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Dai 89 JinBDQ-JinB17860
119773443492uiˆhiccup*Common Lahu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 79 PLoDB-PLolo5780
119793443492ui˰belch*Common Lahu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 79 PLoDB-PLolo5790
338023443839ə̀ʔbelchLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR1610
1138473443,450832ə̀ʔ vebelchv.Lahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
1166473443,450832ə̂ʔ vehiccupv.Lahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
173533443,m,m1366ɤ⁵⁵ tɬe³³ dæ²¹burp, hiccupvSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Wu 84WAH-Sani327.10
172393443,m1366ɤ⁵⁵ tɬɤ̱²¹hiccupSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Wu 84WAH-Sani175.10
4079793443,m1836ɤ⁵⁵tɬe²hiccupv.Yi (Sani)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1244.390
2839843443,m1223ɤ⁵⁵tɬe²²hiccupSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Chen 86 YiCK-YiQ11.20
338033443234eu LS|belchAkha486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR1610
512893443344ə̀ŋbelchBisu486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Beaudouin 88 BisuPB-Bisu280
4079823443,m,m1840xɯ⁵⁵tɤ³³tɤ³³hiccupv.Hani (Mojiang)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1244.420
4368473443,m,m1120hɤʔ⁶ʔɤʔ²khe³hiccupMpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Srinuan 76SD-MPD0
1166483443,m1286həʔ cehiccupv.Côông [Phunoi]486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
167253443,m1285həʔ³³ ce³³hiccupCôông [Phunoi]486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Bradley xx PhuDB-Phunoi0
127515m,m,3443,m1290sə³¹ tə³¹ hə◦cehiccupCôông [Phunoi]486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Ferlus 91MF-PhnQ11.20
5234953443,m,m2020ɨ̠⁴⁵tɬɛ²¹tʌ³³hiccupAzha756.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish1Pelkey 11 PhulaJP-CPL9090
5187313443,m2016ɨ³¹ⁿtɑ³³belchPhola756.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish1Pelkey 11 PhulaJP-CPL9100
5223323443,m2019ə²¹(-dɛ³³)belchHlepho Phowa756.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish1Pelkey 11 PhulaJP-CPL9100
5171523443,m1999hɯ˥ʈv˥hiccupv.Laze (Xiangjiao)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze124790
3380434431109ʌ 11|belchMoso436.2Naxi1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR1610
5125353443,m1998ɑ˩pʰv˧˥belch, burpNa (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze10
5125363443,m1998ɑ˩pʰv˧˥belchv.Na (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze10
4079853443,m1843ə⁵⁵tɯ³³hiccupv.Naxi436.2Naxi1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1244.450
308585p,34431235tə◦ʔɨ́hiccupPa-O507Karenic1Solnit 89 PaODBS-PaO0
308586p,34431235tə◦ʔɨ́khiccup (2)Pa-O507Karenic1Solnit 89 PaODBS-PaO0
113841m,34431275khəʔ◦ʔə̀ʔbelchv.Pwo (Moulmein)507Karenic1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
57808m,34431279khəʔ◦ʔə̀ʔbelchv.Pwo (Moulmein)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS8590
113844m,34431397pəʔ◦ʔýʔbelchv.Sgaw (Moulmein)507Karenic1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
57811m,34431399pəʔ◦ʔýʔbelchv.Sgaw (Moulmein)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS8590
408007m,34431846khə³³ə⁴²belchv.Bai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1245.480
80914m,3443,m309se̱⁴⁴ ɯ⁵⁵ tɯ⁵⁵burp / belchBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai11.60
407988m,3443,m1846tã̱³³ə⁵⁵tə⁵⁵hiccupv.Bai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1244.480
809103443,m309ɯ̱²¹ pʰu³¹hiccupBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai11.20
1696223443,3443481ʔɛg/ʔɑ̆i-belchChinese (Old/Mid)539.0.1Old Chinese0Karlgren 57 GSRGSR957b0
17011834431007yɑibelchChinese (Mandarin)559.0.3Modern Chinese0Karlgren 57 GSRGSR957b0

Chinese comparandum

噫 OC *ʔɛg, GSR #957b; Mand. .

This character is also found in the Shi Jing with the interjectory meaning ‘alas, oh’ and the OC reconstruction *ʔi̯əg (GSR #957b).