6.0 Verbs of Motion, of Manipulation, and of Production > 6.13 Convergence

#2692 PTB *g/l-t(y)ap FOLD / REPEAT / LAYER / PILE UP

Reconstructed mesoroots below:

Several languages point to the presence of a palatal semivowel in this root (rGyalrongic, Tangkhulic, Atong, Anong, Tibetan), as well as in Chinese. WT shows clear-cut doublets with a ⪤ i vocalism, reflecting the presence or absence of the semivowel.

rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
51592926922012g/|l-|tapfold / layer*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB6140
724452692182tapfold / repeat*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Benedict 72 STCSTC493b0
40949426921820tepfold up (a quilt)v.Bokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1278.240
4914072692,s1979`tum◦namfoldvt.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
50131826921920khlepFOLD*Chin81.2Kuki-Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC12870
50042726921920thuaʔLAYER / FOLD*Chin81.2Kuki-Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC3960
44346126921930thuahlayersPaite681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC3960
44781826921926hlèpfoldThado681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC12870
44781726921925khep³foldTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC12870
31420326921778khep³foldvTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB7710
17059526921597khep³foldTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Bhaskararao 94 TCVPB-TCV0
44781926921929póelieefoldKhumi691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC12870
44345826921947thuaʔlayersLai (Hakha)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC3960
44345926921923thùaʔlayersLai (Falam)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC3960
31627226921779thlepfold upviLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB29860
44781626921924thlèp-I thlèh-IIfold, to fold up (as cloth, paper, etc)vLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC12870
44346026921924thùahlayer, a thickness, fold (as in thùah lì 'four fold')nLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC3960
30564126921470tipfoldTangkhul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Bhat 69 TNVBhat-TNV890
528582p,26922025kə-tipfold (cloth)Ukhrul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-Tk0
292692,m1037tʰup◦cinbfoldv.Meithei131.4Meithei1Abbi 85AAAM-SSM0
474618m,26921973khat◦dep-wrap, to wrap up, to foldvAtong821.7.1.3Koch1van Breugel 08 AtongSVB-GA0
790972692161dəprepeatv.*Northern Naga121.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1French 83WTF-PNN5370
409489p,26921814kă³¹ thap³¹fold up (a quilt)v.Jingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1278.190
31508p,2692676kə◦thàplayer / fold / add / repeatJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB3350
441299p,2692685kə◦thapadd, place one upon another; again and againJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Benedict 72 STCSTC0
4412982692685thaplayerJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Benedict 72 STCSTC0
40947826921851tapfold up (a quilt)v.Motuo Menba222.1.2Bodic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1278.070
40947626921848rtepfold up (a quilt)v.Tibetan (Alike)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1278.050
40947326921815tu¹³fold up (a quilt)v.Tibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1278.020
40951726921815təp⁵²fold up (a quilt)v.Tibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1278.020
4412972692,s1578ldab-pado again, repeatTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Benedict 72 STCSTC0
201522692,s1561ldeb-pabend round / back / double downTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Chou 72ACST1255a-b0
4412922692,s1578ldeb-pabend round or back, double downTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Benedict 72 STCSTC0
4412962692,s1578ltab-mafoldnTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Benedict 72 STCSTC0
4412952692,s1578ltab-pafold or gather up, lay or put togetherTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Benedict 72 STCSTC0
4412932692,s1578lteb-paturn down, turn inTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Benedict 72 STCSTC0
44129426921578thebsseries, order, successionTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Benedict 72 STCSTC0
40947526921837htepfold up (a quilt)v.Tibetan (Xiahe)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1278.040
1683922692,m1531tɔp-lɔfold overThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangish1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak7.B.3.24 20
1683912692,2692,m,m1531tɔp-tɔp 'lɔ-lɔfoldThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangish1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak7.B.3.23 20
566906p,26922165'ka◦rtap̚foldvrGyalrong (Lixian Xinglong Kechun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
556099p,26922141'ka◦ɫtap̚foldvrGyalrong (Heishui Shashiduo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
557738m,m,m,26922145də³kə³ta³rtap̚⁵foldvrGyalrong (Jinchuan Cengda)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
576911p,26922184ka-ltɐpfoldvrGyalrong (Maerkang Soman)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
576912p,26922184ka-ltɐpfoldvrGyalrong (Maerkang Soman)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10810
586551p,26922166ka-rtɛfoldvrGyalrong (Lixian Xuecheng Jiamizhai)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
586552p,26922166ka-rtɛfoldvrGyalrong (Lixian Xuecheng Jiamizhai)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10810
564841p,26922160kaj◦'tap̚foldvrGyalrong (Lixian Jiabi)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
565256p,26922161kaj◦'tep̚foldvrGyalrong (Lixian Miyalo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
558138p,26922146ka³rde⁵foldvrGyalrong (Jinchuan Dusong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
566496p,26922164ka³◦rta⁵foldvrGyalrong (Lixian Xiameng Xiaogoucun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
563631p,26922157ka³◦rteʔs⁵foldvrGyalrong (Jinchuan Wanlin Xilizhai)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
567309p,26922167kaɫ◦'tap̚foldvrGyalrong (Maerkang Baiwan Muerji)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
567727p,26922168kaɫ◦'tap̚foldvrGyalrong (Maerkang Benzhen Yingbolo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
572254p,26922174kaɫ◦'tap̚foldvrGyalrong (Maerkang Dangba Geerda)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
564434p,26922159kaɫ◦'tepfoldvrGyalrong (Lixian Guergou)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
576108p,26922183kaɫ◦'tepsfoldvrGyalrong (Maerkang Soman Seermi)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
575685p,26922182kaɫ◦'tevfoldvrGyalrong (Maerkang Ribu)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
578171p,26922186kaɫ◦'təp̚foldvrGyalrong (Maerkang Zhuokeji Xisuo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
555267p,26922139ka◦'rtapfoldvrGyalrong (Ganzi Seda Geletuo Naoluocun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
556509p,26922142ka◦'rtepfoldvrGyalrong (Heishui Shashiduo Muchang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
557330p,26922144ka◦'rtepfoldvrGyalrong (Hongyuan Shuajinsi Selong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
565670p,26922162ka◦'rtep̚foldvrGyalrong (Lixian Putou)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
582287p,26922196ka◦'rtep̚foldvrGyalrong (Xiaojin Jiesi)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
549114p,26922121ka◦'rtjepsfoldvrGyalrong (Baoxing Qiaoqi Yuojie)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
583934p,26922200ka◦'rtəsfoldvrGyalrong (Xiaojin Zhailong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
581043p,26922193ka◦'rtɛp̚foldvrGyalrong (Xiaojin Dawei)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
577754p,26922185ka◦'ɫtep̚foldvrGyalrong (Maerkang Songgang Zhibo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
548263p,26922119ka◦'ʂtepfoldvrGyalrong (Aba Rongan Menggucun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
570620p,26922172ka◦ltap̚foldvrGyalrong (Maerkang Caodeng (A))783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
560342p,26922149ko³◦rteps⁵foldvrGyalrong (Jinchuan Hedong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
560756p,26922150ko◦'rtepfoldvrGyalrong (Jinchuan Jimu Zhouchan)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
581457p,26922194ko◦'rtep̚foldvrGyalrong (Xiaojin Fubian)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
562822p,26922155ko◦'xtep̚foldvrGyalrong (Jinchuan Sawajiao)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
563224p,26922156ko◦'ɹtəpfoldvrGyalrong (Jinchuan Taiyanghe)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
572671m,26922175kuwəɫ◦'təp̚foldvrGyalrong (Maerkang Dazang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
569778p,26922169kə44 rtəp24foldvrGyalrong (Maerkang Bola (A))783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10810
556917p,26922143kə◦'rtepfoldvrGyalrong (Hongyuan Rangkou Jiadang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
409481p,26921806kɐ ltəpfold up (a quilt)v.rGyalrong (Maerkang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1278.110
330787p,26921797kɐ-ltepfold (paper)vCaodeng783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun J 97 CaoJS-Caodeng0
330785p,26921797kɐ-zdepfold (quilt; clothes)Caodeng783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun J 97 CaoJS-Caodeng0
608125p,26922170kɑ22 rtǝp44foldvrGyalrong (Maerkang Bola (B))783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10810
57378726922177ltɤβfoldvrGyalrong (Maerkang Japhug Shaerzong (B))783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
552372m,26922132na◦'rtefoldvrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Dandong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
553621m,2692,26922135noŋo◦'lte◦ltepfoldvrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Taipingqiao)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
561997p,26922153ta³rtep¹foldvrGyalrong (Jinchuan Manai Genza)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
575279m,26922181taɫ◦'təpfoldvrGyalrong (Maerkang Longerjia)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
582703p,26922197ta◦'rtemfoldvrGyalrong (Xiaojin Mupo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
580628p,26922192ta◦'rtepfoldvrGyalrong (Xiaojin Bajiao)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
561584p,26922152ta◦'rteʔfoldvrGyalrong (Jinchuan Maerbang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
538243p,26922104te◦'rtepfoldvrGyalrong (Aba Kehe Shuiricun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
551128p,26922125te◦'rtep̚foldvrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Banshanmen)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
550697p,2692,m2124to35◦'rti5◦sej53foldvrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Badi)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
555683p,26922140to◦'step̚foldvrGyalrong (Heishui Luhua)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
581872m,26922195ŋa◦'rtepfoldvrGyalrong (Xiaojin Hanniu)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
583521m,26922199ŋa◦'rtepfoldvrGyalrong (Xiaojin Xingge)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
583108p,26922198ˈka◦ʳciɛp̚foldvrGyalrong (Xiaojin Rilong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
551955m,p,2692,m2131tsʰəɫgə◦'ka◦tʰap◦sifoldvrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Bianer)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD10800
332993p,26921799kɐ-rtəpfoldrGBenzhen783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun J 97 rGBJS-rGBenzhe0
441290p,26921205mə◦thipfoldvAnong384Nungic1Benedict 72 STCSTC119n3300
304328p,p,26921205əŋ◦mə◦thipfoldnAnong384Nungic1Benedict 72 STCSTC119n3300
409490m,26921816mɯ³¹dɛp⁵⁵fold up (a quilt)v.Dulong384Nungic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1278.200
51593126922011tapᴴlayer*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB6140
40949726921824tɔp³⁵fold up (a quilt)v.Achang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1278.280
40949826921825top⁵⁵fold up (a quilt)v.Achang (Xiandao)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1278.290
4379302692406thapplace one on another, add to; repeat, do againBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 76 WBurPKB-WBRD0
4413002692409thapplace one on another, add to; repeat, do againBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 72 STCSTC0
110032692152C-|tapᴸrepeat*Loloish456.1.2Loloish1Bradley 79 PLoDB-PLolo676A0
120932692152tupᴴfold*Loloish456.1.2Loloish1Bradley 79 PLoDB-PLolo6950
40950426921834də̱³³fold up (a quilt)v.Yi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1278.370
40950326921832te³³fold up (a quilt)v.Yi (Xide)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1278.350
40951126921842ti⁴²fold up (a quilt)v.Jinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1278.440
40951026921841tɛ³³fold up (a quilt)v.Lahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1278.430
315092692838thôʔlayer / fold / add / repeatLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB3350
2735842692946de³³fold; pile upVLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
40950626921836tɤ⁴⁴fold up (a quilt)v.Yi (Sani)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1278.390
1420232692346topfoldBisu486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Bradley 9x BisuDB-Bisu0
1373652692633dɔ́foldHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4650
43529826921120tuʔ³fold (as clothes)Mpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Srinuan 76SD-MPD0
52350626922020tɨ⁴⁴fold (paper)Azha756.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish1Pelkey 11 PhulaJP-CPL9200
5223412692,m2019tɔ³³(-ʨʰi²¹)fold (paper)Hlepho Phowa756.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish1Pelkey 11 PhulaJP-CPL9200
4412912692460diəppile on; duplicate, repeat; foldChinese (Old/Mid)539.0.1Old Chinese0Benedict 72 STCSTC0
205962692480dʻiəppile on / duplicate / repeat / foldChinese (Old/Mid)539.0.1Old Chinese0Chou 72ACST1255a-b0

Chinese comparandum

摺 OC (*t̑i̯ɛp), GSR (not in #690) ‘fold’; Schuessler 2007:609 *tap; Mand. zhé.
褶 OC *dʻiəp, GSR #690b ‘double; lined (of garment)’; Schuessler 2007:213 *lêp; Mand. dié.
疊 OC *dʻiep or *dʻiəp, GSR #1255a-b ‘double; accumulate’; Schuessler 2007:213 *lêp; Mand. dié.

Comment: Schuessler (2007:213) cautions not to confuse the above etyma, 摺, 褶, and 疊, with another etymon, 牒 dié, ‘tablet; document, sheet’, a comparandum for #2432 PTB *lyap THIN / FLAT / FLAT OBJECT, q.v.