6.0 Verbs of Motion, of Manipulation, and of Production > 6.23 Giving

#2425 PTB *g/s-lwat FREE / RELEASE / SLIP / DISLOCATE

Reconstructed mesoroots below:

A number of languages (WT, WB, and Kuki-Chin) reflect two different prefixes with this root. The variant with the *s‑ prefix has a causative meaning (’set free, release’).

The rGyalrongic languages show lexemes reflecting this etymon, e.g. ‘lat’, ‘kalat’, with meanings ‘release, untie’, etc. However, ‘kalat’ itself also apparently functions as a verbalizer, e.g. ‘nə’səsokalat’ “to breathe”, ‘kʰamtɕək̚kalat’ “to bite”, along with many other examples.

rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
721582425182g-|lwatfree / release*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Benedict 72 STCSTC2090
608682425,2425181g-|lwat ⪤ *s-|lwatslippery*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB1970
303432425,2425,2425177g-|lwat ⪤ s-|lwat ⪤ ʔ-|lwatfree / release / loose / slippery*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0220
51538624252012g/|s-|lwatfree / release / loose / relax*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB6000
2833812425173lut¹slipv*Tani51.1.1Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST3720
174290m,2425333paː-litslipvBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
17429124251253lutslipvPadam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
42870024251818gle⁵³dislocate (a joint)v.Darang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1696.220
42870124251819klɑ̆t⁵⁵dislocate (a joint)v.Kaman [Miju]61.1.2Deng1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1696.230
50113824251920hloo-I, hloot-IIEXPEL / ABANDON*Chin81.2Kuki-Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC11070
50132824251920khlaʔRELEASE / SET FREE*Chin81.2Kuki-Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC12970
44787324251930khah khiareleasePaite681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC12970
44787424251927htā hīreleaseSizang681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC12970
44787224251926hlàalet go (e.g. bird, rope), releaseThado681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC12970
31412324251778kha?³release; put in ingredients while cooking food orvTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB7030
44787124251925khaʔ³release; put in ingredients while cooking food or preparing medicinesTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC12970
44787524251928chahreleaseCho (Mindat)691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC12970
447037p,24251928ng-hlawtexpelling othersbe v.Cho (Mindat)691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC11070
44703624251947hlôo-I, hloot-IIexpel, abandonLai (Hakha)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC11070
44786924251947thlaʔ-INVrelease, set free, send offLai (Hakha)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC12970
44787024251924thlàhrelease, to let go, to set free (anything held or seized)vLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC12970
31626524251779thlahreleasevLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB29790
322543m,2425350pi lirheavy, makevBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Bhat 68 BoroBhat-Boro0
320575m,2425350pə◦lirheavy, makevBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Bhat 68 BoroBhat-Boro0
291482425672lòtescape, be free, unrestrainedJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0220
315142425676lòtfreebe v.Jingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB3320
604842425684lotescape, be free, unrestrainedv.Jingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB1970
704162425685lotescape; be free, unrestrainedJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Benedict 72 STCSTC2090
291492425672šəlòtset freeJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0220
315152425676šəlòtset freeJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB3320
704172425685śəlotset freeJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Benedict 72 STCSTC2090
2248672425,24251092ɬø⁵³ɬøʔ⁵³loose / laxTshona (Mama)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC880.60
3985742425,24251850ɬø⁵⁵ɬøʔ⁵³lax / loose / slackCuona Menba222.1.2Bodic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1041.060
2248422425,s1585ɬo poloose / laxTibetan (Amdo:Zeku)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC880.50
2248412425,24251380ɬø⁵⁵ɬø⁵³loose / laxTibetan (Khams:Dege)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC880.30
3985702425,s1815ɬø⁵⁵po⁵⁵lax / loose / slackTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1041.020
291472425,s1569glod-paloosen, relax, slackenTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0220
704152425,s1578glod-paloosen, relax, slackenTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Benedict 72 STCSTC2090
291462425,s1569hlod-paloose, relaxedTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0220
704142425,s1578hlod-paloose, relaxedTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Benedict 72 STCSTC2090
604832425,s1577hlod-padloose, relaxedTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB1970
428697m,24251813tho³³kuo⁵³dislocate (a joint)v.Lyuzu343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1696.180
428689m,24251852do χludislocate (a joint)v.Qiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1696.080
551109m,24252125'də◦latreleasevrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Banshanmen)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD09950
581438m,24252194'jə◦latreleasevrGyalrong (Xiaojin Fubian)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD09950
561978m,24252153də³lat¹releasevrGyalrong (Jinchuan Manai Genza)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD09950
566477m,24252164də³la⁵³releasevrGyalrong (Lixian Xiameng Xiaogoucun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD09950
566065m,24252163də⁵la⁵releasevrGyalrong (Lixian Shangmeng Rajipu)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD09950
553603m,24252135də◦'latreleasevrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Taipingqiao)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD09950
560737m,24252150də◦'latreleasevrGyalrong (Jinchuan Jimu Zhouchan)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD09950
561565m,24252152də◦'latreleasevrGyalrong (Jinchuan Maerbang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD09950
562803m,24252155də◦'latreleasevrGyalrong (Jinchuan Sawajiao)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD09950
581853m,24252195də◦'latreleasevrGyalrong (Xiaojin Hanniu)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD09950
554842m,24252138də◦'lereleasevrGyalrong (Ganzi Daofu Xianshuizhen)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD09950
583502m,24252199jə'◦lɑtreleasevrGyalrong (Xiaojin Xingge)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD09950
57896724252188latreleasevrGyalrong (Rangtang Puxi siyaowucun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD09950
55967024252148lǽreleasevrGyalrong (Jinchuan Guaninqiao Wobzi)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD09950
55873324252147releasevrGyalrong (Jinchuan Erkai)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD09950
552353m,24252132ta◦'lereleasevrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Dandong)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD09950
552774m,24252133tə◦ˈlɛ̤releasevrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Dasang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD09950
563205m,24252156tɪ◦'ləreleasevrGyalrong (Jinchuan Taiyanghe)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD09950
572654m,2425,m,m2175ȵo◦'lat / ȵo◦'tareleasevrGyalrong (Maerkang Dazang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD09950
573068m,24252176ȵu◦'latreleasevrGyalrong (Maerkang Japhug Shaerzong (A))783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD09950
428699p,24251816ɑ³¹lɛʔ⁵⁵dislocate (a joint)v.Dulong384Nungic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1696.200
1679712425146k-|lwatfree / set free*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR183a0
42870524251824ɕet³⁵dislocate (a joint)v.Achang (Longchuan)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1696.280
42870424251823lwɛ⁵⁵dislocate (a joint)v.Burmese (Rangoon)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1696.270
42535724251823ɬuʔ⁴release / set freev.Burmese (Rangoon)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1626.270
42535624251822hlot⁴release / set freev.Burmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1626.260
291512425397hlwatfree, releaseBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0220
4377482425406hlwatfree, releasev.Burmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 76 WBurPKB-WBRD0
704192425409hlwatfree, releaseBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 72 STCSTC2090
291532425397khywatrelease, freeBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0220
315192425401khywatset free, loosenBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB3320
344372425404khywattake offBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Okell 71JO-PB0
4377182425406khywatrelease, freeBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 76 WBurPKB-WBRD0
704212425409khywatrelease, freeBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 72 STCSTC2090
291522425397kywatloosed, freedBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0220
4377112425406kywatloosed, freed; entireBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 76 WBurPKB-WBRD0
5062362425407kywatloosed, freedBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1LaPolla 87RJL-DPTB1970
704202425409kywatloosed, freedBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 72 STCSTC2090
1685312425409lwatfreevs.Burmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 72 STCSTC2090
42870324251822lwɑi³dislocate (a joint)v.Burmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1696.260
4376802425406phyatquick in speech, fluentBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 76 WBurPKB-WBRD0
2338542425653lwàiʔfree, setHpun (Northern)446.1.1Burmish1Henderson 86 HpunEJAH-Hpun0
2342262425653lwàiʔset freeHpun (Northern)446.1.1Burmish1Henderson 86 HpunEJAH-Hpun0
42870824251828kjɛt³¹dislocate (a joint)v.Langsu (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1696.310
42870724251827kjut²¹dislocate (a joint)v.Atsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1696.300
465010418,24251962ʦɿ⁵⁵ɬɛ³³dislocate (bone)Yi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
428710418,24251832tsɿ⁵⁵ɬe³³dislocate (a joint)v.Yi (Xide)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1696.350
42871824251841le²¹dislocate (a joint)v.Lahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1696.430
39850724251841le⁵⁴slippery (road)Lahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1039.430
3984162425,m1841le⁵⁴ɛ³¹smooth / glossy / sleekLahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1037.430
1461592425833lêʔslip; be slippery, smooth (of objects); free-flowing (of a liquid); glib, smooth-tongued (of a person)v.Lahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 85 GSTCJAM-GSTC0220
315202425838lêʔslippery, smoothLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB3320
339612425839lêʔslip / be looseLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR183a0
2249572425851le⁵⁴smoothLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC882.330
3027372425856le⁶slippery / smoothLahu (Yellow)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Chang 86JZ-Lahu0
286369m,m,2425943brgh⁵-ja³-lē¹slip / stumblev.Lisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
276156m,m,2425946thɔʔ²¹tɕɤ³⁵je³³slip in the stepnLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
428715m,24251838tshe³³e³³dislocate (a joint)v.Lisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1696.400
282885m,2425944tɕhøʔ²¹je³³slip and fall; lubricateVLisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
279867m,2425946tɕhɤʔ²¹je³³slip and fall; lubricateVLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
282554m,2425944tɕø³⁵je³³slipNLisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
276155m,2425946tɕɤ³⁵je³³slipNLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
42871424251836ɬɤ⁴⁴dislocate (a joint)v.Yi (Sani)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1696.390
42871624251839le̱³³dislocate (a joint)v.Hani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1696.410
42871724251840l̥i̱³³dislocate (a joint)v.Hani (Mojiang)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1696.420
166551m,2425413la gəlɛ̀fluent of speechbe v.Bwe507Karenic1Henderson 97 KarEJAH-BKD0
498022p,24251981pʰ◦làiclear, fluentADJKayan (Pekon)507Karenic1Manson 10 KayanKM-Kayan0

Chinese comparandum

脫 OC *t’wɑ̂t, GSR #324m ‘peel off, take off (clothes), escape, etc.’; Coblin 86:105-6 ST *hƚot > PC *hluat > OC *thuat; Schuessler 2007:504 *l(h)ôt; B & S 2011: *mə‑l̥ˁot; Mand. tuō.
蛻 OC *t’wɑ̂d, GSR #324e ‘exuviae (skin cast off during molting); Schuessler 2007:504 *l(h)ôts; B & S 2011: *l̥ˁot‑s; Mand. tuì.

兌 OC *d’wɑ̂d, GSR #324a-c ‘glad’; Coblin 86:105-6 ST *ƚot > OC *duadh; Schuessler 2007:586 *lhôts; B & S 2011: *lˁot‑s ; Mand. duì.
悅 OC *di̯wɑt, GSR #324o ‘pleased’; Coblin 86:105-6 ST *ƚot > OC *ruat; Schuessler 2007:586 *lot; B & S 2011: *lot; Mand. yuè.
說 OC *śi̯wɑt, GSR #324q ‘speak, explain’; Schuessler 2007:476-7 *lhot; B & S 2011: *l̥ot; Mand. shuō.
說 OC *śi̯wɑd, GSR #324q ‘exhort’; Schuessler 2007:476-7 *lhots; B & S 2011: *l̥ot‑s; Mand. shuì.
奪 OC *d’wɑ̂t, GSR #274a ‘rob, snatch’; Schuessler 2007:500 *lôt; B & S 2011: *Cə.lˁot; Mand. duó.
偷 OC *t’u, GSR #125u ‘steal’; Schuessler 2007:500 *lho; B & S 2011: *l̥ˁo; Mand. tōu.
愉 S585. *lo enjoy

*Nə‑ɡˁrut.

S455 shě