5.0 Culture, Artifacts, Religion > 5.15 War and violence

#2411 PTB *d/s-ləy BOW (weapon) / SLINGSHOT

Reconstructed mesoroots below:

Although this etymon always means BOW in TB, the putative Chinese cognate means ARROW, a nice example of metonymy.

rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
74562411175d-|liybow (for arrows)n.*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1180
724142411182d-|liybow (weapon)n*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Benedict 72 STCSTC4630
76622411175d-|ləybow (for arrows)n.*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2620
51535324112012d/s|-ləy|bow / slingshot*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB6000
20178724111431lei⁵³bow (weapon)Sulung [Puroik]41.1“North Assam”0Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.520
2830512411173rjibow (weapon)*Tani51.1.1Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST420
173169p,2411287a-libow (weapon)Apatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST 1
151582p,2411286a-libownApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
151580p,2411285a-ljíbow (weapon)Apatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
173170p,2411333ə-rjibow (weapon)Bengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
151583p,2411334ɯ-ribownBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1515842411365bownBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
37768924111820bow (for arrow)nBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.240
1731712411360iː =/i-ji/bow (weapon)Bokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
2017612411368bow (weapon)Bokar Lhoba731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.510
44355p,2411564i◦rebowGalo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 63 GalKDG-IGL0
489592p,24111979ɨ◦rəbown.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
489593p,2411,p,65361979ɨ◦rə-`u◦pukbow-and-arrown.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
22558p,24111078i◦ribowMiri, Hill731.1.1.1Western Tani1Simon 76 MiriIMS-HMLG0
327043p,24111792i◦ribowNishing731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 69 DafKDG-Daf0
173172p,24111253i-jibow (weapon)Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
151581p,2411498ʔa-li cf. 'cat'bow (weapon)Damu741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
357p,24111070at-yibowMilang741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Tayeng 76 MilAT-MPB0
377687p,24111818ɑ³¹lɑi⁵³bow (for arrow)nDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.220
201760p,2411509ɑ³¹lɑi⁵³bow (weapon)Darang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.490
201786p,2411662i⁵⁵li⁵⁵bow (weapon)Idu61.1.2Deng1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.500
48580p,2411,m660i◦lyi◦prabowIdu61.1.2Deng1Anonymous 62 IduNEFA-PBI0
35378p,2411,m659i◦ȴi◦prabowIdu61.1.2Deng1Pulu 78JP-Idu0
377690p,24111821i⁵⁵li⁵⁵bow (for arrow)nYidu61.1.2Deng1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.250
50102524111920liiBOW / SPRING*Chin81.2Kuki-Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC9940
4444914599,24111926sáay lîislingshotThado681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC5990
4464714599,24111926sǎay lîibowThado681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC9940
446474p,24111948a◦líbowAsho691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC9940
44940424111957lícrossbowChinbon691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1So-Hartmann 88 ChinHSH-SCL2020
44647224111928libow (to shoot arrow)Cho (Mindat)691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC9940
44647324111949licrossbowDaai691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC9940
44836224111953lícrossbowDaai691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1So-Hartmann 88 ChinHSH-SCL2020
44996424111959lecrossbowKhumi691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1So-Hartmann 88 ChinHSH-SCL2020
4433102688,2411,m1929thay◦li◦hóbowKhumi691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC3740
4464752688,2411,m1929thay◦li◦hóbowKhumi691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC9940
44968424111958licrossbowMatu691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1So-Hartmann 88 ChinHSH-SCL2020
4489802411,60121956li.pirainbowMkaang691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1So-Hartmann 88 ChinHSH-SCL80
44914424111956lícrossbowMkaang691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1So-Hartmann 88 ChinHSH-SCL2020
44889424111955ŋ̩licrossbowNgmüün691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1So-Hartmann 88 ChinHSH-SCL2020
44863024111954liːcrossbowNyhmoye691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1So-Hartmann 88 ChinHSH-SCL2020
45024624111960leⁱcrossbowWakung691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1So-Hartmann 88 ChinHSH-SCL2020
44646824111947lìibowLai (Hakha)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC9940
44646924111923lîibowLai (Falam)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC9940
44647024111924spring (of gun, watch, etc.)nLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC9940
44646724111921bow for arrows, a spring of a gunnLakher [Mara]711.2.3Maraic1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC9940
6189232411,m2228li-tʃakBOW / SLINGSHOT*Ao631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Bruhn 14 PCNDWB-PCNII.1500
6197842411,m2226li³tʃak³bow, slingshotn.Ao (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Bruhn 14 PCNDWB-PCNII.1500
2379482411,m270li◦jakbow (for shooting)Ao (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
27742411,m275³li³tšakbow (for arrows)n.Ao (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1180
42082411,m275³li³tšakbow (for arrows)nAo (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2560
2379492411,m273li◦chakbow (for shooting)Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
4505602411,m1963li◦tʃakcatapult/bown.Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Coupe 07 AoARC-GMA0
4503572411,m,35901963li◦tʃak-tʃaŋarrow ('catapult/bow' + 'seed')n.Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Coupe 07 AoARC-GMA0
2379762411,m1041li◦rungbow (for shooting)Meithei131.4Meithei1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2379772411?,26881062li◦thaibow (for shooting)Mikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
785712411161laᴮbow*Northern Naga121.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1French 83WTF-PNN4610
23796724111489labow (for shooting)Tangsa (Moshang)841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2379502411429laubow (for shooting)Chang851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2379522411807lahbow (for shooting)Konyak851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
304438m,2411685kuŋ-libow (weapon)nJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Benedict 72 STCSTC132n3600
304439m,2411,m1733kə◦li ndanbow (weapon)nJingpho (Assam)371.7.3.1Jingpho1Benedict 72 STCSTC132n3600
20174024111088libow (weapon)Tsangla (Motuo)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.70
29691024111085li¹³bow (weapon)Tsangla (Motuo)222.1.2Bodic1Zhang Jichuan 86JZ-CLMenba0
29764324111089libow (weapon)Tsangla (Tilang)222.1.2Bodic1Zhang Jichuan 86JZ-CLMenba0
29827424111093li³⁵bow (weapon)Tshona (Wenlang)222.1.2Bodic1Lu 86 CuoMJZ-CNMenba0
20176424111092li¹³bow (weapon)Tshona (Mama)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.60
37767224111851libow (for arrow)nMotuo Menba222.1.2Bodic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.070
37767124111850li³⁵bow (for arrow)nCuona Menba222.1.2Bodic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.060
37767024111848ɣjəbow (for arrow)nTibetan (Alike)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.050
20176324111550hʑəbow (weapon)Tibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.40
20173924111585ɣʑəbow (weapon)Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.50
3588924111584ʑəbowTibetan (Amdo:Zeku)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 AmdoJS-Amdo910
37766824111826ɣᴜ⁵³bow (for arrow)nTibetan (Batang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.030
20173824111380ɣu⁵³bow (weapon)Tibetan (Khams:Dege)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.30
6892324111427ʒúbowTibetan (Spiti)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sharma, S.R. 79 SpSRS-PSS0
6892424111427ʒubow (for arrows)Tibetan (Spiti)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sharma, S.R. 79 SpSRS-PSS0
3767324111575gzhubowTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 TbGlJS-Tib910
3040182411,m1578gźu(-mo)bow (weapon)nTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Benedict 72 STCSTC96n2770
37766624111804gʑubow (for arrow)nTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.010
20173724111582gʑubow (weapon)Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.10
23797924111564ɣubow (for shooting)Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
50550024111988salibown.Lepcha212.1.3Lepcha1Plaisier 07 LepchaHP-GL0
754632411911libow (weapon)Limbu312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Michailovsky 89 LmBM-Lim0
27722411910liʔbow (for arrows)n.Limbu312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1180
617342411,m822li◦phubow (weapon)Kulung762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Rai 75 KulRPHH-Kul0
201770m,2411561si⁵⁵li⁵⁵bow (weapon)Ersu343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.180
3776802411,m1810ʑə³³mɑ⁵³bow (for arrow)nMuya343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.150
2017432411,m1136ʑɯ³³mɐ⁵⁵bow (weapon)Muya [Minyak]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.150
37771124111844li⁵³bow (for arrow)nNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.460
37767424111853ʒə⁵⁵bow (for arrow)nPumi (Lanping)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.090
20174224111306ʒə⁵⁵bow (weapon)Pumi (Qinghua)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.110
20176624111309zə⁵³bow (weapon)Pumi (Taoba)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.100
50816024111997lə̀bown.Qiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang9020
2017412411,m1323lə³¹ma³³bow (weapon)Qiang (Taoping)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.90
2017692411,m1699lə⁵⁵sẽ⁵⁵bow (weapon)Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.160
37767824111808ʁji⁵⁵bow (for arrow)nQueyu (Xinlong)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.130
2017712411,m1409lyɛ³³mi³³bow (weapon)Xumi343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.200
3776822411,m1812lɛ⁵⁵mi³³bow (for arrow)nXumi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.170
37767924111809ʑi¹³bow (for arrow)nZhaba (Daofu County)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.140
201768m,2411557ɦɔ ɮibow (weapon)Ergong (Danba)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.140
377694m,24111825xo³¹l̥ai³⁵bow (for arrow)nAchang (Xiandao)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.290
37769724111829li³¹bow (for arrow)nBola (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.320
37769224111823le⁵⁵bow (for arrow)nBurmese (Rangoon)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.270
20178124111428le⁵⁵bow (weapon)Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.400
31804m,2411401lâŋ-lêbown.Burmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB2390
42872411390bow (for arrows)n.Burmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2620
4411212411406bow for shootingBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 76 WBurPKB-WBRD0
3039932411409bow (weapon)nBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 72 STCSTC91n2630
2379722411392le:bow (for shooting)Burmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
37769124111822le³bow (for arrow)nBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.260
2017552411411le³bow (weapon)Burmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.390
233647m,2411653lauʔ lebow (pellet)Hpun (Northern)446.1.1Burmish1Henderson 86 HpunEJAH-Hpun0
37769624111828la³⁵bow (for arrow)nLangsu (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.310
37769824111830lei³³bow (for arrow)nLeqi (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.330
45284824111965hlébow (weapon)Marma446.1.1Burmish1Huziwara 08 SakHK-Sak1440
452849m,24111965lɔʔ◦hlěslingshotMarma446.1.1Burmish1Huziwara 08 SakHK-Sak144a0
20175724111034la³⁵bow (weapon)Maru [Langsu]446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.430
37769524111827lai²¹bow (for arrow)nAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.300
20178224111693lai²¹bow (weapon)Atsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.420
42882411151le²bow (for arrows)n.*Loloish456.1.2Loloish1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT2620
117242411152le²bow*Loloish456.1.2Loloish1Bradley 79 PLoDB-PLolo2640
33520124111219li³⁵bow (weapon)Nusu (Northern)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun J 86 NusuJZ-Nusu0
20175824111215li⁵³bow (weapon)Nusu (Bijiang)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.450
33610124111220li⁵⁵bow (weapon)Nusu (Southern)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun J 86 NusuJZ-Nusu0
37769924111831li⁵⁵bow (for arrow)nNusu (Central)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.340
3777092411,m1842lɯ⁴²pja⁵⁵bow (for arrow)nJinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.440
3010882411,m700lɤ⁴²pjɑ⁵⁵bow (weapon)Jinuo (Youle)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Gai 86JZ-Jinuo0
201778m,2411696sɔ³³lɯ³³bow (weapon)Jinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.340
3036782411844hɔ̂bow (weapon)nLahu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Benedict 72 STCSTC61n1950
3039942411,s1739hɔ̌-màbow (weapon)nLahu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Benedict 72 STCSTC91n263 2
3777082411,m1841lɛ³⁵bɔ⁵⁴bow (for arrow)nLahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.430
2017522411,m851lɛ³⁵bɔ⁵⁴bow (weapon)Lahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.330
30367924111717ò̈bow (weapon)nAkha486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Benedict 72 STCSTC61n1950
51672024111999ɬie˩bowLaze (Xiangjiao)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze113430
3777102411,m1843lɯ³³me³³bow (for arrow)nNaxi436.2Naxi1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.450
2017752411,m908lɯ³³me³³bow (weapon)Naxi (Lijiang)436.2Naxi1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC427.280
30443724111736khlibow (weapon)n*Karen507Karenic1Benedict 72 STCSTC132n3600
566182411124khlíqcrossbow*Karen (Pwo-Sgaw)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS450
566152411123khlíqcrossbow*Karen (Pwo)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS450
52966324112039khli²crossbow*Karen [Burling]507Karenic1Luangthongkum 13TL-PK690
566202411125khlíʔcrossbow*Karen (Sgaw)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS450
578572411122khríqcrossbow*Karen507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS450
566132411126khríqcrossbow*Karen (TP)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS450
52934924112038klejᴮcrossbow*Karen507Karenic1Luangthongkum 13TL-PK690
53099424112044khli³³crossbowBwe507Karenic1Luangthongkum 13TL-PK690
37771524111849khli³¹bow (for arrow)nKaren507Karenic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0636.500
53071224112043klə¹¹crossbowKayah507Karenic1Luangthongkum 13TL-PK690
53125724112045khli¹¹crossbowKayaw507Karenic1Luangthongkum 13TL-PK690
52986924112040khli⁵⁵crossbowPa-O (Northern)507Karenic1Luangthongkum 13TL-PK690
5661424111242khrícrossbowPa-O507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS450
53014024112041kli³³crossbowPa-O (Southern)507Karenic1Luangthongkum 13TL-PK690
5661924111259khlíqcrossbowPalaychi507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS450
53218024112048khlei³³crossbowPwo (Northern)507Karenic1Luangthongkum 13TL-PK690
53246624112049khlei⁵⁵crossbowPwo (Southern)507Karenic1Luangthongkum 13TL-PK690
5661724111272khlìcrossbowPwo (Bassein)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS450
5661624111279khlíʔcrossbowPwo (Moulmein)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS450
53157324112046khli³¹˜crossbowSgaw (Northern)507Karenic1Luangthongkum 13TL-PK690
53188424112047khli⁴⁵’crossbowSgaw (Southern)507Karenic1Luangthongkum 13TL-PK690
5662224111394khlìcrossbowSgaw (Bassein)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS450
5662124111399khlíʔcrossbowSgaw (Moulmein)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS450

Chinese comparandum

矢 OC *śi̯ər, GSR #560a ‘arrow’; B & S 2011: *l̥ijʔ {l̥i[j]ʔ}; Mand. shǐ.


^ 1.
[Source note] initial!
^ 2.
This tone mark in STC is in error.