1.0 The Body > 1.6 Diffuse Organs > 1.6.3 Bone

#238 PTB *g-r(w/y)a(ŋ/k) BONE / SKELETON

Reconstructed mesoroots below:

Note the superficial similarity between this genuine TB etymon*g‑ryaŋ and the Nepali word karang ‘rib’. While Dimasa sang‑khreng ‘rib’ and Lalung krengʔ ‘bone’ are descended from *g‑ryaŋ, Chantyal kərəŋ and Yakha karaŋ are borrowings from Nepali.

The Karbi forms show preemption by the velar prefix.

The Miji and Darang forms reflect an s‑ prefix.

rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
22740238,m1053sɯraʔ-ljaŋribMiji31NE Indian Areal Group0Simon 79 MijiIMS-Miji0
283049238173loŋbone*Tani51.1.1Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST400
158809p,238,m,586286(a-lo) ja-kʰrjuskeletonApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
158061p,2125,p,238286a-kʰrjɯ a-loribApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
173161p,238287a-loboneApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
151538p,238285à-lóboneApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
151539p,238286a-loboneApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
158808p,238285a-lóskeletonApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1586716327,1327,p,238286gor-bã a-loshoulder bladeApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
159210m,m,p,238285ho aŋ a-lobackbone / spineApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
159214m,m,p,238286ho-ã a-lobackbone / spineApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
150973m,m,p,238286ho-ã a-lobackboneApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
150769m,m,p,238285lɯ-miŋ a-loankle (bone)Apatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
174227m,6528,p,238287lɯ-pʰrja (a-lo)shin / shankApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
158618m,6528,p,238286lɯ-pʰrja (a-lo)shin (bone)Apatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
155459284,m,p,238286soʔ-ko a-lojawboneApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
5431p,238283¹a◦²lo (²)boneApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT4950
173162p,238333a-loːboneBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
151540p,238334a-loːboneBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
159211214,m,p,238334hɯŋ-kɯ a-loːbackbone / spineBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
153086238,m,m,m334loː-bɯŋ kɯ-lɯkdislocated (bone)Bengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
156797238,m334loː-pumnet-like fibers inside boneBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
155476238,419334loː-rɯkjointBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
158617m,m,238334lɯ-kɯŋ loːshinBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
351848238,14691820loŋ poŋbonenBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0133.240
173163238,1469360loŋ-poŋboneBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
151541238,1469365loŋ-poŋboneBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
156278238,1469,m,1448365loŋ-poŋ pə-niːmarrowBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
41376238,1469366loŋ◦poŋboneBokar Lhoba731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun H 80 MLDSLZO-MLD0
41377238,1469,m,1448366loŋ◦poŋ pɯ◦niːmarrowBokar Lhoba731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun H 80 MLDSLZO-MLD0
44250p,238564a◦loboneGalo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 63 GalKDG-IGL0
489565p,2381979a◦loobonen.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
494869p,238,m1979a◦loo-pookoostripped clean (bone)adj.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
494385p,238,m1979a◦loo-pookooskeletonn.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
442162034,238564cog◦lojawGalo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 63 GalKDG-IGL0
4944051425,388,p,2381979dum◦poo-a◦looskulln.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
491997238,m1979loo◦bɨɨhunk (of bone)n.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
492624238,m1979loo◦niimarrown.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
44253238,1448564lo◦nimarrowGalo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 63 GalKDG-IGL0
44221p,202,p,238564u◦gi-a◦lobackboneGalo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 63 GalKDG-IGL0
493338m,2381979`tɨɨ◦loopelvic bone (female)n.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
5432p,238563ˆa◦loboneGalo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT4950
21766202,2381078kel◦lobackboneMiri, Hill731.1.1.1Western Tani1Simon 76 MiriIMS-HMLG0
45917p,2381444a◦loskeletonTagin731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 83 TagKDG-Tag0
114402p,238189a-longbonePadam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
173164p,2381253a-loŋbonePadam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
1193136342,p,238189angkeng a◦longbreastbone / sternumPadam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
114257209,m,p,238189gí-jí (a◦long)backbone / spinePadam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
117793p,238189í-longbones of neckPadam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
118524350,238189lé-longshinPadam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
115395682,238189mik-longeyebrow bonePadam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
117012m,238189shog-longlower bonePadam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
150974201,418,p,238498geː-tsʰɯk ʔa-roːbackboneDamu741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1554602034,238498ɕok-roːjawboneDamu741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
151542p,238498ʔa-roːboneDamu741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
569p,2381070a◦loŋboneMilang741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Tayeng 76 MilAT-MPB0
570m,p,2381070mi-a◦loskeletonMilang741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Tayeng 76 MilAT-MPB0
119350238503hrakribDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
3417572381800hrakribDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Anonymous xx TarNEFA-Taraon0
32612381054rʌ̂kboneKaman [Miju]61.1.2Deng1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1730
39898m,238590ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɹɑk⁵⁵boneKaman [Miju]61.1.2Deng1Sun H 80 MLDSLZO-MLD0
351847m,2381819ɕiŋ⁵⁵rɑk⁵⁵bonenKaman [Miju]61.1.2Deng1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0133.230
35713238,m,m659rõ◦mbo◦poskeletonIdu61.1.2Deng1Pulu 78JP-Idu0
35376238,m,m659rũ◦hã◦ciboneIdu61.1.2Deng1Pulu 78JP-Idu0
35375238,1469659rũ◦mbõboneIdu61.1.2Deng1Pulu 78JP-Idu0
131716p,232,p,238805ə◦ru ə◦rəŋskeletonKom Rem721.2.4“Old Kuki”0Toba 91 KRQT-KomRQ8.4.10
47163238,p,m,m,5301063kèng a-dòk-dák arthôligament (bone to bone)Mikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Grüssner 79 BPKHG-MikirQ410
114310238,b,m1064keng-ha◦mbiboneMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
47171238,m,p,m1063kèng-sartí a-pókmuscleMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Grüssner 79 BPKHG-MikirQ430
5332342382064gre'ŋbone*Bodo-Garo161.7.1Bodo-Garo1Burling 59 PBoRB-PB4400
114404m,238,m,238352be-geŋ ~ be-zéŋboneBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
114430m,238710be-geʔŋboneBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
321509m,238350be◦geŋboneBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Bhat 68 BoroBhat-Boro0
321567m,238350be◦zéŋboneBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Bhat 68 BoroBhat-Boro0
165235p,238531be◦gerengboneDimasa801.7.1.1Bodo1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
172468m,238531sang◦khrengribDimasa801.7.1.1Bodo1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
55962p,238803bə=krəinboneKokborok801.7.1.1Bodo1Tripuri 88PT-Kok0
47664238880krengʔboneLalung [Tiwa]801.7.1.1Bodo1Balawan 65MB-Lal210
47666238,m880krengʔ modommarrowLalung [Tiwa]801.7.1.1Bodo1Balawan 65MB-Lal210
114405238571greŋboneGaro811.7.1.2Garo1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
144878238581grengboneGaro (Bangladesh)811.7.1.2Garo1Burling 92 GaBaRB-GB0
4662412381945grengbonenGaro (Bangladesh)811.7.1.2Garo1Burling 03 GaroRB-LMMG6.28-II:idx0
114416238294gereŋboneAtong821.7.1.3Koch1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
4745322381973kerengbonenAtong821.7.1.3Koch1van Breugel 08 AtongSVB-GA0
78565238161raːŋbone*Northern Naga121.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1French 83WTF-PNN4610
7242p,2381488¹ʌ¹raŋboneTangsa841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT11830
77804p,2381107a raŋboneTangsa (Moshang)841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1French 83WTF-PNN4610
165229p,2381489a◦ranboneTangsa (Moshang)841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
3256238428boneChang851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT1730
165210238429luoboneChang851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
77809238435luoboneChang851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1French 83WTF-PNN4610
166021m,238807tha◦wanjawKonyak851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
165212238807wanboneKonyak851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
77807238809wanboneKonyak851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1French 83WTF-PNN4610
7066273,238810gaʔ-ɣɛŋjaw-boneKonyak (Tamlu)851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT10610
7243238810ɣɛŋboneKonyak (Tamlu)851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT11830
7244238812wanboneKonyak (Wakching)851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT11830
1652232381281vangbonePhom851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
778082381283vaŋbonePhom851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1French 83WTF-PNN4610
4882682381978ʒæŋ³³bonePhom851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Burling 98 PhomBP-PPWL0
1144172381629kereŋboneWancho851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
114373238671n-|rangboneJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
1642272381449raŋboneTaman401.7.3.2Asakian1Luce 85GHL-PPBK.610
114341232,2381568rus-krangskeletonTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
114350m,238894kŭng-gryóngskeletonLepcha212.1.3Lepcha1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
114343m,238,m602gā-grāng-ngāskeletonGurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
64669m,238,m604ga◦graŋ◦ŋaskeletonGurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Glover 72 GuVoSIL-Gur2.A.20
62206m,m,2381174ba◦pi kwoẽribNewar272.2Newar1Shakya 89SH-KNw5.1.20
119347m,m,2381169ba◦pi-kwae̥ribNewar272.2Newar1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
62111m,2381174chyɔ̃ kwẽskullNewar272.2Newar1Shakya 89SH-KNw2.40
1144002381169kwae̥boneNewar272.2Newar1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
623252381174kwẽboneNewar272.2Newar1Shakya 89SH-KNw8.40
62228399,m,2381174pyɔ̃◦pə kwẽhipboneNewar272.2Newar1Shakya 89SH-KNw5.8.20
114351238,m644greŋ-kalɪkskeletonHayu302.3.4Western Kiranti1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
114352238,m,m445yong◦ko◦lāskeletonChepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
64003238,m,m449yoŋ◦ko◦laskeletonChepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 72 CVocSIL-Chep2.A.20
128060238,m,m452yon◦ko◦laskeletonChepang (Eastern)282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 90 CheQRC-ChepQ8.4.10
114349238,238994gheng-grengskeletonMagar282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
177252381491lɑ̃boneTangut [Xixia]333.1Tangut1Dai 89 XixiDQ-Xixia8.40
17726m,2381491rer lɑ̃skeletonTangut [Xixia]333.1Tangut1Dai 89 XixiDQ-Xixia8.4.10
128607m,238560rɟjət⁵³ loŋ³³ligament (bone to bone)Ergong (Northern)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 ErNQSHK-ErgNQ8.60
128602238,m560ʁri¹³ cçʰop⁵³skeletonErgong (Northern)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 ErNQSHK-ErgNQ8.4.10
14013p,238,234606ta ro ɕɛ |rəbreastbone / sternumrGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Dai 89 JiarDQ-Jiarong5.1.30
130122p,238,234616ta◦ro ʃɐrebreastbone / sternumrGyalrong (Eastern)783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 rEQSHK-rGEQ5.1.30
130758p,238,234618tə◦r ɕɛr̥əbreastbone / sternumrGyalrong (NW)783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 rNWSHK-rGNWQ5.1.30
130436p,238,234617tə◦ro ɕɛrubreastbone / sternumrGyalrong (Northern)783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 rNQSHK-rGNQ5.1.30
2342421255,238653pàŋ◦xʀàŋside of body (see Rib)Hpun (Northern)446.1.1Burmish1Henderson 86 HpunEJAH-Hpun0
2341831255,238653pã◦xʀã, pàŋ◦xʀàŋribHpun (Northern)446.1.1Burmish1Henderson 86 HpunEJAH-Hpun0

Chinese comparandum

S253
S217