1.0 The Body > 1.3 Mouth and Throat > 1.3.4 Tooth > 1.3.4.4 Bite/Hold in Mouth

#2333 PTB *kriːt GRIND

Reconstructed mesoroots below:

The WT form reflects a variant with final velar stop.

It is possible that two separate Loloish roots are involved, one with an initial velar stop, and one with an affricate.

rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
720672333182kritgrind, gnash (teeth)*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Benedict 72 STCSTC1190
51523223332012kriːtgrind*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB5970
2831922333173ritgrind (crush into powder)*Tani51.1.1Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST1830
1736472333,m287ri-mũgrind (crush into powder)Apatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
1546742333,m286ri-mũgrindApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1736482333333ritgrind (crush into powder)Bengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
1546752333334ritgrindBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1546812333,6479334rit-mɯkgrind into powderBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
4266832333,m1820raː makbreak to pieces (grain)v.Bokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1653.240
4267242333,m1820raː◦makcrush to piecesv.Bokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1654.240
222372333,s1078rin-namgrindMiri, Hill731.1.1.1Western Tani1Simon 76 MiriIMS-HMLG0
47268m,p,23331063ch-.ing◦krìt-gnash, grind the teethMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Grüssner 79 BPKHG-MikirQ670
69959m,23331068tśiŋ◦kritgrind, gnash (teeth)Mikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Benedict 72 STCSTC1190
315122333676krìtgrindJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB3330
699562333685kritgrind, gnash (teeth)Jingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Benedict 72 STCSTC1190
69960632,2333,2333,m,s1578so khrig-khrig byed-pagrind the teethTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Benedict 72 STCSTC1190
699552333305khritgrind, gnash (teeth)Bahing302.3.4Western Kiranti1Benedict 72 STCSTC1190
69957p,23331205ə◦gyitgrind, gnash (teeth)Anong384Nungic1Benedict 72 STCSTC1190
341862333146kritgrindTS 22*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR94(a)0
1678282333146kritgrind*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR94(a)0
1678292333146Nkritgrind*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR94(b)0
2424232333392kritgrindBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
348222333404kritgrindBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Okell 71JO-PB0
4378412333406kritgrindBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 76 WBurPKB-WBRD0
699582333409kritgrind, gnash (teeth)Burmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 72 STCSTC1190
2126692333411kritgrindBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC641.390
42072623331822krit⁴grind (flour)v.Burmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1527.260
42074723331845tshɿ⁵⁵grind (flour)v.Gazhuo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1527.470
62207023332215gə́qgrindv.Lalo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB3500
334072333972tšʻy 22s|grindLuquan466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR94(a)0
46315823331962nʣɿ²¹grind downYi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
46507023331962ʣɛ³³crush; grindYi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
46338023331962ʨhi³³grind (manually)Yi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
21266223331662tʂhi̱³³grindYi (Mile)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC641.250
21268823331663tshi̱³³grindYi (Mojiang)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC641.260
21268723331664gA³³grindYi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC641.240
42073723331834gɑ³³grind (flour)v.Yi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1527.370
43109123331834ɣæ²¹grind / pestle (medicine)v.Yi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1747.370
21266123331666ɣu³³grindYi (Nanjian)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC641.230
43109023331833gɯ³³grind / pestle (medicine)v.Yi (Weishan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1747.360
42073623331833ɣu³³grind (flour)v.Yi (Weishan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1527.360
42073823331835tɕhɯ̱²grind (flour)v.Yi (Wuding)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1527.380
47717423331969gɯ33grind (of grain)Kucong476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Dai 09 KucongDC-Kucong0
43109723331841gɛ⁵⁴grind / pestle (medicine)v.Lahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1747.430
315132333838gə̂ʔgrindLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 74 TJLBJAM-TJLB3330
334082333839gə̂ʔgrindLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR94(b)0
43109423331838dʒi³³grind / pestle (medicine)v.Lisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1747.400
2800882333946dʒɿ³³grindVLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2126632333942dʒɿ⁴⁴grindLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC641.270
334092333930jē3grindLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 72 LTSRJAM-TSR94(b)0
2854492333943jē³grindv.Lisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
2126652333510dʑi̱³³grindHani (Dazhai)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC641.310
42074123331839dʑi̱³³grind (flour)v.Hani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1527.410
2126902333418tsi̱³³grindHani (Caiyuan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC641.300
21269123331416tɕi³¹grindHani (Shuikui)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC641.320
42074223331840tɕi³¹grind (flour)v.Hani (Mojiang)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1527.420
43622723331120kiʔ¹grind / gnashMpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Srinuan 76SD-MPD0
580032333122(kh)rwɛ̀tgrind (noisily)*Karen507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS1910
49830923331981rígrindVKayan (Pekon)507Karenic1Manson 10 KayanKM-Kayan0
30456023331759khrütgrindPa-O507Karenic1Benedict 72 STCSTC141n3820
30848423331235khrɨ̀tgrind, mill rice, grind stg toPa-O507Karenic1Solnit 89 PaODBS-PaO0
3045612333,23331750ɣaiʔ/ɣɛʔgrindPwo507Karenic1Benedict 72 STCSTC141n3820
30456323331755χigrindKaren (Sgaw)507Karenic1Benedict 72 STCSTC141n3820

^ 1.
The nasal prefix in PLB is reconstructed on the basis of the voiced Lahu initial.