6.0 Verbs of Motion, of Manipulation, and of Production > 6.13 Convergence

#2310 PTB *s-kiː(l/r) BEND / WIND / TWIST / ROLL / CORNER

Reconstructed mesoroots below:

There is an unfortunate mistake in the index to STC (p.201) where this etymon is glossed “bind, twist; roll; angle” instead of “wind, twist; roll; angle”, undoubtedly due to perseveration from the previous entry, *kik “bind, twist, tie”. This error was, alas, reproduced in HPTB: 57, 412, 413, 426, 595.

rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
51497723102012gilturn / corner*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB5900
51518423102012hiːlbind / twist / roll / angle*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB5950
723232310182kiːlbind / angle / twist / roll*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Benedict 72 STCSTC3730
51518523102012s-|kiːlbind / twist / roll / angle*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB5950
5157732310,23102012s-|ril ⪤ s-|grilmove / roll*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB6100
50112723101920hrualROLL / TWIST*Chin81.2Kuki-Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC10960
5002822310a1920kilANGLE / CORNER*Chin81.2Kuki-Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2510
5003012310b1920kirCURL*Chin81.2Kuki-Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2700
5012622310,23101920yial ⪤ yualROLL / ROLL UP*Chin81.2Kuki-Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC12310
4427162310a1930kilangle, cornerPaite681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2510
44758423101927zīel hīwrapSizang681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC12310
44698823101926kháaw húolwhipThado681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC10960
44758323101926zíel-I, zìel-IIrollThado681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC12310
29360123101509zílrollThado681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Thirumalai 72THI1972620
44698723101925hual²roll something into a ball by handsTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC10960
31388723101778hual²roll something into a ball by handsvTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB5010
17047523101597hual²roll something into a ball ...Tiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Bhaskararao 94 TCVPB-TCV0
3140502310b1778kiːl¹curly [of hair]viTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB6400
1705342310b1597kiːl¹curly [of hair]Tiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Bhaskararao 94 TCVPB-TCV0
44758223101925zial²fold by rollingTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC12310
31567423101778zial²fold by rollingvTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB20240
17120923101597zial²fold by rolling (tr.) ...Tiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Bhaskararao 94 TCVPB-TCV0
31567323101778zial¹rollviTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB20230
17120823101597zial¹roll (intr.)Tiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Bhaskararao 94 TCVPB-TCV0
4427172310a1928kicornerCho (Mindat)691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2510
442805m,2310b1928ng-kircurled, as hair or sth elsebe v.Cho (Mindat)691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2700
44758523101929akyaáwyroll up, rolled up, curled up, folded upKhumi691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC12310
44698923101929haáwyunite, put together, bring alongKhumi691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC10960
4427182310a1929tkiicornerKhumi691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2510
44698423101947hrûal-I, hrǔal-IIroll, twist , unite (as fibers into a rope)Lai (Hakha)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC10960
44698523101923hrǔal-I, hrùal-IIroll, twist (e.g. fiber into a rope)Lai (Falam)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC10960
4427132310a1947kìlangle, cornerLai (Hakha)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2510
4427142310a1923kîlcorner, angleLai (Falam)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2510
4428022310b1947kîr-I, kǐr-IIcurl (e.g. hair)Lai (Hakha)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2700
4428032310b1923kír-INVcurl (e.g. hair)Lai (Falam)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2700
44758023101947zîal-I, zǐal-II ⪤ zûal-I, zǔal-IIroll (e.g. cigarette)Lai (Hakha)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC12310
44698623101924hrúalroll up in the hand, to twist, to cord together (as string)vLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC10960
31598223101779hrualroll up in the handvLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB24770
4427152310a1924kǐlangle, a corner, an edgenLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2510
4428042310b1924kǐrcurly (as hair)Lushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2700
712792310a984kiːlcorner, angleLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Benedict 72 STCSTC3730
44758123101924zíalroll up (as a rug, piece of paper, cigarette, etc)vLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC12310
31636523101779zialroll upviLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB31450
442801m,2310b1921chā-káocurl upvLakher [Mara]711.2.3Maraic1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2700
4427122310a1921corner, angleLakher [Mara]711.2.3Maraic1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC2510
554442310803rirollKokborok801.7.1.1Bodo1Tripuri 88PT-Kok0
712782310685gyinroll, fashion, as mud pelletsJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Benedict 72 STCSTC3730
1685512310685kyinsoft and easily twistedvs.Jingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Benedict 72 STCSTC3730
71277p,2310685ə◦kyinroll, as a turban, into a ballJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Benedict 72 STCSTC3730
182342310,23101262kir◦kircirclePattani [Manchati]202.1.1Western Himalayish0Sharma, D.D. 82 THDS-Patt0
2211202310,23101088khir◦khirroundTsangla (Motuo)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC807.70
21882523101088rinroll (e.g. rock)Tsangla (Motuo)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC762.70
29722123101085rin¹³roll (e.g. rock)Tsangla (Motuo)222.1.2Bodic1Zhang Jichuan 86JZ-CLMenba0
29781723101089rinroll (e.g. rock)Tsangla (Tilang)222.1.2Bodic1Zhang Jichuan 86JZ-CLMenba0
29860523101093riu³⁵roll (e.g.rock)Tshona (Wenlang)222.1.2Bodic1Lu 86 CuoMJZ-CNMenba0
2211442310,s1092chir⁵⁵mo⁵³roundTshona (Mama)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC807.60
21884923101092riʔ¹³roll (e.g. rock)Tshona (Mama)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC762.60
3964812310,23101851khir khircircle / circular (tubular)Motuo Menba222.1.2Bodic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0990.070
41316923101851rinrollv.Motuo Menba222.1.2Bodic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1361.070
3959882310,s1850chir⁵⁵mo⁵³circle / circularCuona Menba222.1.2Bodic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0990.060
4131682310,m1850riʔ³⁵la³⁵rollv.Cuona Menba222.1.2Bodic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1361.060
4173912310,m1850tʂi³⁵ja³⁵roll up (cloth)v.Cuona Menba222.1.2Bodic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1456.060
41739023101848wdziroll up (cloth)v.Tibetan (Alike)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1456.050
21884823101550riroll (e.g. rock)Tibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC762.40
21377523101585rdʐiwrapTibetan (Amdo:Zeku)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC663.50
21882423101585riroll (e.g. rock)Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC762.50
2909602310,23101586kir◦kircircleTibetan (Balti)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Rangan 75RAN1975480
2909072310,s1586ril◦ba·rollTibetan (Balti)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Rangan 75RAN1975460
40334923101826dʐi⁵⁵wrapvTibetan (Batang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1142.030
41738823101826dʐi⁵⁵roll up (cloth)v.Tibetan (Batang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1456.030
21377423101380dʐi¹³wrapTibetan (Khams:Dege)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC663.30
21882323101380ri¹³roll (e.g. rock)Tibetan (Khams:Dege)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC762.30
21884723101557ri¹⁵roll (e.g. rock)Tibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC762.20
41316423101815riː¹³rollv.Tibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1361.020
389539m,23101815təp⁵⁵ riː⁵⁵roll (of cloth)clfTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0872.020
40334823101815tʂi¹³wrapvTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1142.020
21379823101557tʂi¹⁵wrapTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC663.20
41738723101815tʂiː¹³roll up (cloth)v.Tibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1456.020
712742310,s1578ḥkhyil-bawind, twist, rollv.Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Benedict 72 STCSTC3730
21882223101582rilroll (e.g. rock)Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC762.10
40334723101804sgrilwrapvTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1142.010
41738623101804sgrilroll up (cloth)v.Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1456.010
712732310,s1578skyil-babendv.Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Benedict 72 STCSTC3730
41738923101837htɕəroll up (cloth)v.Tibetan (Xiahe)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1456.040
712752310900kilscrewn.Lepcha212.1.3Lepcha1Benedict 72 STCSTC3730
504681m,23101988ki◦rílroll thread into a ballv.Lepcha212.1.3Lepcha1Plaisier 07 LepchaHP-GL0
1752632310172ᴬkʰilroll*TGTM232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis1050
214552310,23101002²ki◦kilcircleManang (Prakaa)232.1.4Tamangish1Hoshi 84HM-Prak07500
17526023101456¹kʰilwhirl, coil, coil upTamang (Risiangku)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis1050
1752622310,s1524kʰɨl-baroll upThakali (Marpha)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis1050
1752612310,s1524⁵⁵'³³qʰil-baroll (a mat)Thakali (Marpha)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis1050
34356623101801rimroll upvBantawa762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Rai 85 BnDsNKR-Bant0
610422310,m822khiri moksˍin a circleKulung762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Rai 75 KulRPHH-Kul0
610402310822khirəcircleKulung762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Rai 75 KulRPHH-Kul0
610332310,2310,s822khi◦khir◦paround, diskKulung762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Rai 75 KulRPHH-Kul0
73480m,2310547saː◦khilviscera, guts, intestinesDumi772.3.3Central Kiranti1Driem 93 DumiSVD-Dum 1
143467m,2310544saː◦khil◦intestinesDumi772.3.3Central Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7970
4995123101545khir-turn round, twist togetherv.Thulung302.3.4Western Kiranti1Allen 75NJA-Thulung0
482463m,23101977thu.riʔroll (mat, leaves in shoot, etc.)n.Chepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 00 ChepangRC-DOC0
417396p,23101806kɐ tʂəlroll up (cloth)v.rGyalrong (Maerkang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1456.110
331733p,23101797kɐ-tʂəlroll upCaodeng783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun J 97 CaoJS-Caodeng0
38954823101806tʂəlroll (of cloth)clfrGyalrong (Maerkang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0872.110
333482p,23101799ka-tʂərroll uprGBenzhen783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun J 97 rGBJS-rGBenzhe0

Chinese comparandum

Comparanda for this etymon comprise a large set of allofams within Chinese (cf. Schuessler 2007:320-1), showing extensive variation in initial (simple vs. complex) and medial (presence vs. lack) segments, as well as phonation type. The following examples are representative:

絞 OC *kŏg, GSR #1166k ‘twist, strangle’; Schuessler 2007:309 *kriâuʔ or *krâuʔ; B & S 2011: *k‑rˁiwʔ {k‑rˁ[i]wʔ} (dial. › *krˁ[i]wʔ); Mand. jiǎo.
糾 OC *ki̯ŏg, GSR #1064b ‘twist, plait; unite’; Schuessler 2007:320 *kiuʔ; B & S 2011: *k‹r›iwʔ; Mand. jiǔ.
樛 OC *kli̯ŏg, GSR #1069h ‘downward-curving (of branches); to twist’; Schuessler 2007:320 *kiu; B & S 2011: *k‑riw (dial. › *kriw); Mand. jiū.
摎 OC *gli̯ôg/*kli̯ŏg, GSR #1069g ‘tie around, strangle’; Schuessler 2007: (*(k)riw); B & S 2011: *k‑riw (dial. › *kriw); Mand. liú/jiū.
繚 OC *liog/li̯og, GSR #1151g ‘bind around, wrap; entangle’; Schuessler 2007:309 *riauʔ; B & S 2011: (*rˁewʔ {[r]ˁewʔ}); Mand. liǎo.
謬 OC *mli̯ŏg, GSR #1069m ‘to lie (i.e. ‘twist words’)’; Schuessler 2007:389 *mriuh; B & S 2011: *mə‑riw‑s (dial. › *mriw‑s); Mand. miù.


^ 1.
The semantic extension to INTESTINES is due to the coiled appearance of those organs. Cf. WB wak‑ʔu ‘screw’, lit. “pig-intestine”.