2.0 Animals and Animal Verbs > 2.2 Other Animals > 2.2.4 Birds (in general)

#2187 PTB *b(y/r)a BIRD / BEE
Reconstructed mesoroots below:

The Central Loloish languages Ahi and Sani have interesting reflexes of the palatalized labial-initial cluster, d‑ and dl‑ respectively.

rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
51480521872012byabee / bird*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB5850
721262187,2187,2187182bya = bya ⪤ brabee, bird*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Benedict 72 STCSTC1770
150956m,2187285há-bjuback (of bird)Apatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
360647m,m,21871818mɑ³¹tɕi⁵³piɑ⁵³ducknDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0300.220
187021m,m,2187509mɑ³¹tɕi⁵³piɑ⁵³duckDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC138.490
1870722187,m509piɑ⁵³kɯŋ³⁵gooseDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC139.490
3606992187,m1818piɑ⁵³kɯŋ⁵⁵goosenDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0301.220
1873272187,m,m509piɑ⁵³tɑ³¹pi⁵⁵wild gooseDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC144.490
36198621871818piɑ⁵⁵birdnDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0326.220
1872252187509piɑ⁵⁵birdDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC142.490
33982821871800pya:birdDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Anonymous xx TarNEFA-Taraon0
3413642187,m1800pya: a:yínestDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Anonymous xx TarNEFA-Taraon0
3413632187,m1800pya: sagnestDarang [Taraon]61.1.2Deng1Anonymous xx TarNEFA-Taraon0
129088363,2187661mu⁵⁵bɹa⁵⁵feather (of bird)Idu61.1.2Deng1Sun H 91 IduQSHK-Idu8.1.50
188832363,2187662mu⁵⁵bɹɑ⁵⁵featherIdu61.1.2Deng1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC173.500
1873532187,m662piɑ⁵⁵tʂuŋ⁵⁵wild gooseIdu61.1.2Deng1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC144.500
1872512187,m662pɹɑ⁵⁵ɑ⁵⁵birdIdu61.1.2Deng1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC142.500
360596363,21871821mu⁵⁵bɹɑ⁵⁵feather / plumenYidu61.1.2Deng1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0299.250
3623952187,m1821piɑ⁵⁵tʂuŋ⁵⁵goose (wild)nYidu61.1.2Deng1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0334.250
3619892187,m1821pɹɑ⁵⁵ɑ⁵⁵birdnYidu61.1.2Deng1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0326.250
348862371,21871821thoŋ⁵⁵bɹɑ⁵⁵hairnYidu61.1.2Deng1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0075.250
1672322187,2095256pe³¹|ra³¹ tia³³beak / billAngami (Kohima)651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Nienu 90 AngQVN-AngQ3.9.30
1674322187,2095487mü³¹|ra³¹ ta³³beak / billChokri651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Nienu 90 ChoQVN-ChkQ3.9.30
3215382187,m350beré mábee (honey)Bodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Bhat 68 BoroBhat-Boro0
3215372187,m350beré mədə́yhoneyBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Bhat 68 BoroBhat-Boro0
3215362187,m350beré mə◦dəmhive (bee)Bodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Bhat 68 BoroBhat-Boro0
2565122187,m531bere◦dihoneyDimasa801.7.1.1Bodo1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2555072187,m531bere◦yungbeeDimasa801.7.1.1Bodo1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
543180m,21872109nə-pyabirdChaudangsi202.1.1Western Himalayish0Krishan 2003SK-TBLUP5210
54425021872110pyabirdDarma202.1.1Western Himalayish0Krishan 2003SK-TBLUP6140
544145m,21872110ŋak-pyaduckDarma202.1.1Western Himalayish0Krishan 2003SK-TBLUP5090
337535m,21871788hicu pyābird (small), name ofnKanauri202.1.1Western Himalayish0Bailey 11BAI19110
337941m,21871788lama pyābird (red), anKanauri202.1.1Western Himalayish0Bailey 11BAI19110
337954m,21871788lan pyābird (kind of, as large as a crow)nKanauri202.1.1Western Himalayish0Bailey 11BAI19110
337983m,21871788lī pyābird about as large as a crownKanauri202.1.1Western Himalayish0Bailey 11BAI19110
33855621871788pyābirdnKanauri202.1.1Western Himalayish0Bailey 11BAI19110
3385572187,m1788pya◦tsbird (little)Kanauri202.1.1Western Himalayish0Bailey 11BAI19110
1874521871262pyabirdPattani [Manchati]202.1.1Western Himalayish0Sharma, D.D. 82 THDS-Patt0
29807021871093ʑɑ³⁵birdTshona (Wenlang)222.1.2Bodic1Lu 86 CuoMJZ-CNMenba0
18722921871092tɕᴀ¹³birdTshona (Mama)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC142.60
38433421871851dʑayear of the chickennMotuo Menba222.1.2Bodic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0764.070
36197021871850tɕa³⁵birdnCuona Menba222.1.2Bodic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0326.060
36196921871848wɕæbirdnTibetan (Alike)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0326.050
186922m,21871550hop ɕaroosterTibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC136.40
187228m,21871550ndap tɕhakbirdTibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC142.40
187024m,21871550tɕhəp ɕaduckTibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC138.40
1868712187,m1550ɕa wochickenTibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC135.40
18720421871585wɕabirdTibetan (Amdo:Zeku)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC142.50
1868472187,m1585wɕa wochickenTibetan (Amdo:Zeku)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC135.50
1868982187,16351585wɕa woroosterTibetan (Amdo:Zeku)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC136.50
3586721871584ɕæbird (larger)Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 AmdoJS-Amdo690
29092421871586bi·birdTibetan (Balti)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Rangan 75RAN1975470
2906292187,16351586byʌ◦fo·cockTibetan (Balti)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Rangan 75RAN1975320
2912332187,m1586byʌ◦pʰo·birdTibetan (Balti)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Rangan 75RAN1975550
2912432187,m1586byʌ◦pʰru·chickenTibetan (Balti)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Rangan 75RAN1975560
38433021871826ɕa²³¹year of the chickennTibetan (Batang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0764.030
36026821871826ɕa¹³chickennTibetan (Batang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0293.030
3603182187,16351826ɕa¹³pho⁵³cocknTibetan (Batang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0294.030
3709792187,m1826ɕa¹³tshõ⁵⁵pen (chicken)nTibetan (Batang)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0507.030
18684621871380ɕa¹³chickenTibetan (Khams:Dege)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC135.30
1868972187,16351380ɕa¹³pho⁵³roosterTibetan (Khams:Dege)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC136.30
36196621871815tɕha¹³birdnTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0326.020
38432921871815tɕha¹³year of the chickennTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0764.020
18722721871557tɕha¹³birdTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC142.20
1869212187,16351557tɕha¹³pho⁵³roosterTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC136.20
3603172187,16351815tɕha¹³pho⁵⁵cocknTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0294.020
1868702187,m1557tɕha¹³te¹³chickenTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC135.20
3602672187,m1815tɕha¹³te⁵⁵chickennTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0293.020
3620182187,16151815tɕha¹³tshaŋ⁵⁵nest (bird)nTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0327.020
3709782187,m1815tɕha¹³tshaŋ⁵⁵pen (chicken)nTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0507.020
3605732187,12281815tɕhə¹³pu⁵⁵feather / plumenTibetan (Lhasa)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0299.020
23298921871567bibird / fowl / henTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
23299021871567biubird / fowl / henTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
36026621871804bjachickennTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0293.010
36196521871804bjabirdnTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0326.010
38432821871804bjayear of the chickennTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0764.010
18720221871582bjabirdTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC142.10
1868452187,m1582bja dechickenTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC135.10
3603162187,16351804bja phococknTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0294.010
1868962187,16351582bja phoroosterTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC136.10
3620172187,16151804bja tshaŋnest (bird)nTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0327.010
3709772187,m1804bja tshaŋpen (chicken)nTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0507.010
36201521871804bjeɦubirdnTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0326.010
3620672187,16151804bjeɦu tshaŋnest (bird)nTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0327.010
25557721871564byabirdTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
3765121871575byabird (larger)Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 TbGlJS-Tib690
7025521871578byabird, fowlTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Benedict 72 STCSTC1770
1180632187,m1568bya-rkaṅvein (bird-foot)Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
1186112187,m1568bya-tʻaldung of birds (bird ashes)Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
378692187,m,m1575bya.ma.byeuflying foxTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 TbGlJS-Tib2870
1465662187,m1575bya.rgodhawk (that feeds on corpses at bird-burials)Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 TbGlJS-Tib30
376532187,5851575bya.sgrofeatherTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 TbGlJS-Tib710
2564892187,16201564bya◦mohenTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2559102187,16351564bya◦phocockTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2558772187,m1564bya◦phrugchickenTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2574092187,m1564bya◦poskaposparrowTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
23302121871567byeubird (little)Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
3765221871575byeubird (smaller)Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 TbGlJS-Tib700
23300421871567byɑbird / fowl / henTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
2330052187,m1567byɑ-gɑ́gduck (sp.) / gray duckTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
2330092187,m1567byɑ-nɑ́graven / some similar birdTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
2332702187,16351567byɑ-pʻocock / bird (male, any kind)Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
2332712187,m1567byɑ-pʻrugbird(young) / fowl(young) /Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
2330062187,m1567byɑ-rgódbird of preyTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
2328262187,m1567byɑ-rgódvulture / bird of preyTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
2328272187,m1567byɑ-rgyɑ́lvulture / bird of preyTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
2330072187,m1567byɑ-rgyɑ́lbird of preyTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
2330172187,m1567byɑ-wɑ́ŋhawk (night) / goat-sucker / batTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
2330132187,16201567byɑ́-mobird (female, any kind) / hen /Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
2330122187,m1567byɑ́-mɑbird (female) / hen / brood-henTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
2330102187,16351567byɑ́-pocock / fowl (male, domestic)Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
377871631,21871575chu.byeduck (wild)Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 TbGlJS-Tib2050
2328581631,21871567c̀ʻu-byɑ́bird (water)Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
146567m,21871575dur.byahawk (large, resembling an eagle)Tibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 TbGlJS-Tib40
38364m,21871575gso.byapoultryTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 TbGlJS-Tib7810
2327751612,21871567kʻyim byɑdomestic fowl / cock / hen / poultryTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
375936365,21871575lchags.byaairplaneTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 TbGlJS-Tib9 1
257070m,21871564rma-byapeacockTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
38321m,21871575rma.byapeacockTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Sun J 85 TbGlJS-Tib7380
233197m,21871567srin-byɑ́owl / nocturnal birdTibetan (Written)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Jäschke 1881HAJ-TED0
38433121871837ɕayear of the chickennTibetan (Xiahe)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0764.040
3709802187,m1837ɕa khaŋpen (chicken)nTibetan (Xiahe)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0507.040
3602692187,m1837ɕa wochickennTibetan (Xiahe)242.1.2.1Tibetan1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0293.040
1151902187,1181301ɓa-dieggBahing302.3.4Western Kiranti1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
1431242187,1181307ʔba◦dieggBahing302.3.4Western Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK7550
2700172187,16351433byā◦phobullnSunwar302.3.4Western Kiranti1Hale 73 CSDAH-CSDPN03a.0330
1151622187,3436,m763'bā-zu-riːeggKham282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
667852187,3436,m766'ba◦zu◦riːegg (non-human)Kham282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Watters 89 KhQDNW-KhamQ1.330
47283221871970pjạ[bird name]Tangut [Xixia]333.1Tangut1Li 97 TangutLFW199756410
1877962187561bzɿ³³honeybeeErsu343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC153.180
36378621871813bi³⁵beeNanimLyuzu343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0367.180
3619822187,16061813bʑe³³xua⁵³birdnLyuzu343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0326.180
38434521871813pʑæ³³ (lu̵⁵³)year of the chickennLyuzu343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0764.180
363783p,2187,m1810m◦bə³³lø⁵³beeNanimMuya343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0367.150
187771p,21871147n◦dzɿ⁵³honeybeeNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC153.190
363820p,21871844n◦bzɿ⁵³beeNanimNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0367.460
363814p,21871844n◦dzɿ⁵³beeNanimNamuyi343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0367.460
3637782187,m1805bi³⁵lĩ⁵⁵beeNanimPumi (Jiulong)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0367.100
3637772187,m1853bʒɛ¹³tʃə⁵⁵beeNanimPumi (Lanping)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0367.090
1877682187,m1306bʒɛ¹³tʃə⁵⁵honeybeePumi (Qinghua)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC153.110
36377621871852bəbeeNanimQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0367.080
18779121871320bəhoneybeeQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC153.80
1877672187,m1323bə³¹dʑy³³honeybeeQiang (Taoping)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC153.90
360379m,21871808mo¹³bʑa⁵⁵hennQueyu (Xinlong)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0295.130
186979m,21871699mo⁵⁵ʑa⁵³henQueyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC137.160
3603281635,21871808pho⁵⁵bʑa⁵⁵cocknQueyu (Xinlong)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0294.130
1869281635,21871699pho⁵⁵ʑa⁵³roosterQueyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC136.160
3602781606,21871808rdʑa¹³bʑa⁵⁵chickennQueyu (Xinlong)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0293.130
3604311606,2187,m1808rdʑa¹³bʑa⁵⁵pɕe¹³chicknQueyu (Xinlong)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0296.130
384340m,21871808ɕe⁵⁵bʑi¹³year of the chickennQueyu (Xinlong)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0764.130
18687721871699ʑa⁵³chickenQueyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC135.160
36027921871809ptsia³³chickennZhaba (Daofu County)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0293.140
3605852187,m,m1809ptsia³³ mʌ⁵⁵mʌ⁵⁵feather / plumenZhaba (Daofu County)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0299.140
3604322187,m,m1809ptsia³³ pʌ³³ɟjʌ⁵⁵chicknZhaba (Daofu County)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0296.140
3603802187,m1809ptsia³³mu⁵⁵hennZhaba (Daofu County)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0295.140
3603292187,16351809ptsia³³phu⁵⁵cocknZhaba (Daofu County)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0294.140
3619782187,m1809ptsia³³ptsi⁵⁵birdnZhaba (Daofu County)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0326.140
3620302187,m1809ptsia³³ʂkə⁵⁵nest (bird)nZhaba (Daofu County)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0327.140
3709902187,m1809ptsia⁵⁵ və⁵⁵pen (chicken)nZhaba (Daofu County)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0507.140
3843412187,60681809ptsie¹³lu³³year of the chickennZhaba (Daofu County)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0764.140
360639m,21871809tɕhu³³ptsia⁵⁵ducknZhaba (Daofu County)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0300.140
3603271635,21871807phu bjacocknDaofu353.3rGyalrongic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0294.120
1285802187,363560ʁbio³³ rmo⁵³feather (of bird)Ergong (Northern)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 ErNQSHK-ErgNQ8.1.50
1285222187,731,m560ʁbio³³ χɕok⁵³ pa³³wing (of bird)Ergong (Northern)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 ErNQSHK-ErgNQ6.1.90
5854202588,21872203ɣbjêm bjábirdLavrung (Jinchuan Guaninqiao)353.3rGyalrongic1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD14380
1877932187,m1340mba mbuhoneybeerGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC153.120
3637792187,m1806mbɑ mbubeeNanimrGyalrong (Maerkang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0367.110
1308492187,m,m618pia kue ndzərutalon (of bird)rGyalrong (NW)783.3.1rGyalrong1Sun H 91 rNWSHK-rGNWQ7.4.40
55616821872141pjabirdrGyalrong (Heishui Shashiduo)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD14380
55658221872142pjabirdrGyalrong (Heishui Shashiduo Muchang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD14380
5757612187,m2182pja◦'gebirdrGyalrong (Maerkang Ribu)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD14380
3047792187,2251611pra-khuowlrGyalrong783.3.1rGyalrong1Benedict 72 STCSTC164n4410
57947521872189ɣbjowbirdrGyalrong (Rangtang Puxicun)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD14380
5516142187,m2130ʒbja◦'ʒbjəɫbirdrGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Bawang)783.3.1rGyalrong1Nagano 2013 rGyDBYN-RGLD14380
36198521871817tɕhɑ⁵⁵birdnNung384Nungic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0326.210
1872482187269tɕhɑ⁵⁵birdAnong384Nungic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC142.440
3620372187,34451817tɕhɑ⁵⁵ɖɑŋ³¹nest (bird)nNung384Nungic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0327.210
28855721871616za²¹chickenTujia (Northern)415Tujia1Tian 86JZ-Tujia0
36031421871847za²¹chickennTujia415Tujia1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0293.490
38437621871847za²¹year of the chickennTujia415Tujia1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0764.490
18688821871615za²¹chickenTujia415Tujia1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC135.380
433562187,m,m,m1616za²¹ kʰũ⁵⁵ nũ⁵⁵ pʰɨe⁵⁵crop (of chicken)Tujia (Northern)415Tujia1Tian 86JZ-Tujia0
2885582187,16341616za²¹pa²¹roosterTujia (Northern)415Tujia1Tian 86JZ-Tujia0
1869392187,16341615za²¹pa²¹roosterTujia415Tujia1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC136.380
3710252187,m1847za²¹tsho⁵⁵pen (chicken)nTujia415Tujia1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0507.490
51480621872011bya²bee*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB5860
2877522187201pjɑ³¹waspAchang (Lianghe)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
2877272187,1634201tɕɑ³¹phɑ³¹roosterAchang (Lianghe)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
2869272187,m207pja⁵¹wui⁵¹waspAchang (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
2869262187,2788207pja⁵¹ʑaŋ⁵¹honeybeeAchang (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
36380021871829pja³¹beeNanimBola (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0367.320
36379521871823pjɑ⁵⁵beeNanimBurmese (Rangoon)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0367.270
18780721871428pjɑ⁵⁵honeybeeBurmese (Spoken Rangoon)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC153.400
2575152187,5802392bha◦yoṅ:waxBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
36379421871822pjɑ³beeNanimBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0367.260
1877812187411pjɑ³honeybeeBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC153.390
1330602187394pyâbeeBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL420
4398312187406pyâhoneybeeBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 76 WBurPKB-WBRD0
702562187409pyàbee, birdBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 72 STCSTC1770
3032602187409pyà < byàbeeBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Benedict 72 STCSTC29n930
2555062187392pyā:beeBurmese (Written)446.1.1Burmish1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
3637992187,27881828pjɔ̆³⁵jɔ̃³¹beeNanimLangsu (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0367.310
3638012187,27881830pjĭ³³jaŋ³³beeNanimLeqi (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0367.330
45321121871965pyáhoneybeeMarma446.1.1Burmish1Huziwara 08 SakHK-Sak306-20
1877832187,27881034pjɔ̆³⁵jɔ̃³¹honeybeeMaru [Langsu]446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC153.430
3489421871029yò'fowlMaru [Langsu]446.1.1Burmish1Okell 71JO-PB0
3637982187,27881827pjŏ²¹jaŋ²¹beeNanimAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0367.300
1878082187,27881693pjŏ²¹jaŋ̩²¹honeybeeAtsi [Zaiwa]446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC153.420
115212187152bya²bee*Loloish456.1.2Loloish1Bradley 79 PLoDB-PLolo770
1330592187153bya²bee*Loloish456.1.2Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL420
702582187960byobee, birdLolopho456.1.2Loloish1Benedict 72 STCSTC1770
2919892187,5802879bà-sjòbeeswaxLalo466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Björverud 94SB-Lalo0
36380221871831bia⁵⁵beeNanimNusu (Central)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0367.340
33607921871220biɔ⁵⁵bee sugarNusu (Southern)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun J 86 NusuJZ-Nusu0
33589421871220biɔ⁵⁵honeybeeNusu (Southern)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun J 86 NusuJZ-Nusu0
33499021871219biɑ³⁵honeybeeNusu (Northern)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun J 86 NusuJZ-Nusu0
3351792187,m1219biɑ³⁵ɹi³¹bee sugarNusu (Northern)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun J 86 NusuJZ-Nusu0
1877842187,m1215biɑ⁵⁵ɬɔ³⁵honeybeeNusu (Bijiang)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC153.450
4614982187,58021962ʥi²¹ʂu̱³³bee's waxYi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
36380521871834bio²¹beeNanimYi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0367.370
187799m,m,2187,m1664do²¹ɕᴀ²¹; bio²¹ɕᴀ²¹honeybeeYi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC153.240
702572187218dobee, birdAhi476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Benedict 72 STCSTC1770
3032612187218dobeeAhi476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Benedict 72 STCSTC29n930
1869372187,1635696ja⁴⁴phɔ³³roosterJinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC136.340
3008142187,1635700jɑ⁴²phɔ⁴⁴roosterJinuo (Youle)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Gai 86JZ-Jinuo0
1878042187696pjɔ³³honeybeeJinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC153.340
3008422187,m700pjɔ³³ʃɤ⁴⁴waspJinuo (Youle)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Gai 86JZ-Jinuo0
3638122187,m1842pjɔ⁴⁴jə⁴⁴beeNanimJinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0367.440
3008412187,m700pjə⁴⁴jə⁴⁴honeybeeJinuo (Youle)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Gai 86JZ-Jinuo0
2855252187,m,m943(byá⁵)-si²-htu⁵hive (bee)Lisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
2727072187946bja²¹bee, waspNLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727082187,m946bja²¹by²¹bee mite (worm that gets into beehives to eat chrysalis and honey)Lisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727412187,m,m946bja²¹dzi²¹ma³³queen beeLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727422187,m,m946bja²¹dzi²¹za²¹queen bee chysalis (when mature, it establishes a hive of its own)Lisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727102187,m,m946bja²¹dɔ³³ze²¹ground wasp (wild wasp that builds its nest in caves)Lisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727292187,m,m946bja²¹dʒu²¹du²¹bee-rock (where wild bees build comb)Lisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727122187,m946bja²¹ha³⁵small wasp (collective name for small yellow wasp, green wasp and red wasp that do not make honey)Lisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727132187,m,m,m946bja²¹ha³⁵ ni³⁵tʃhɿʔ²¹small green waspLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727152187,m,m946bja²¹ha³⁵si²¹small red waspLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727142187,m,m946bja²¹ha³⁵ʃɿ³³small yellow waspLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727382187,m946bja²¹ji³³honeyLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2795222187,m,m,m946bja²¹ji³³ thi²¹ phe³⁵spoonful of honeynLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2812252187,m,m,m946bja²¹ji³³ thi²¹ thu²¹bottle of honeyLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727392187,m946bja²¹jɔ²¹beeLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727182187,m946bja²¹kha³⁵wasp camp (many combs gathering on one rock)Lisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727192187,572946bja²¹khi²¹bee fecesLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727202187,m,m,m946bja²¹khɔ³³ wa²¹phe²¹mountain pass that bees often fly throughLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727222187,m,5802946bja²¹mi²¹ʃu⁵⁵beeswax of wood beesLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727212187,m946bja²¹mɤ²¹wood bee (comb is built in tree hollows, smaller than domestic bees, honey very sweet)Lisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727232187,m,m946bja²¹mɤ²¹ji³³honey of wood beesLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727242187,m,m946bja²¹na³³tʃhu²¹waspLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727262187,m,m946bja²¹na⁵⁵bɔ²¹male beeLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727252187,2483946bja²¹næ³³wood bee (lit. black bee)Lisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727272187,m946bja²¹phø³³wasp 'bottle-gourd'Lisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727352187,m,m946bja²¹si³³za²¹worker beeLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727302187,m946bja²¹sø³³beehive (made with tree hollows)Lisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727092187,m,m946bja²¹tshɯ³³kha³⁵honey (refined)Lisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727282187,m946bja²¹tɕhɯ³³wax-cell in a honeycombLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727172187,m946bja²¹tɕi⁵⁵honey-juice (oozes from trees that bees suck)Lisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727372187,m946bja²¹ve³³bee colony (separated from the main hive)Lisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727362187,m946bja²¹zi²¹bee venomLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727322187,5802946bja²¹ʃu⁵⁵yellow wax; beeswaxLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2727312187,m946bja²¹ʃɿ³³wasp (whose nest is built on shrub stalks, does not make honey)Lisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2847962187,m943byá⁵ (raw³)beeLisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
2848002187,5802943byá⁵ shaw¹beeswaxLisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
2866912187,5802943byá⁵-shaw¹wax (bees')Lisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
2866872187,m943byá⁵-tu³waspLisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
2855342187,m,m943byá⁵-wu⁵-yi⁴honeyLisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
702602187940byæbee, birdLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Benedict 72 STCSTC1770
187775m,2187942dʒɛ³¹; biɛ³¹honeybeeLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC153.270
280251m,m,2187946sa³³khwa³³ bja²¹nocturnal beeLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2740132166,2187946ɣa⁵⁵bja²¹rock beeLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2740152166,2187,m,m946ɣa⁵⁵bja²¹ dʒɿ²¹tɤ⁵⁵rock where rock bees usually build honeycombLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2740162166,2187,m946ɣa⁵⁵bja²¹ji³³honey of rock beeLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
2740142166,2187,5802946ɣa⁵⁵bja²¹ʃu⁵⁵beeswax of rock beeLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
702592187,s1376dla-mabee, birdSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Benedict 72 STCSTC1770
3032622187,s1376dla-mabeeSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Benedict 72 STCSTC29n930
170512187,m1365dlɑ¹¹ pɤ³³honeycombSani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Ma 89 SanQMXL-SaniQ358.20
170502187,m1365dlɑ¹¹ zɥ³³honeySani [Nyi]476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Ma 89 SanQMXL-SaniQ358.10
3638072187,s1836dlɒ¹¹mɒ³³beeNanimYi (Sani)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0367.390
1330612187228bjàbeeAkha486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL420
1347502187243bjàbeeAkha (Thai)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL420
1347512187244bjàbeeAkha (Yunnan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL420
1367162187,m244bjà bàŋbee pupaAkha (Yunnan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL3600
1362992187,2187,m243bjà bjà ýhoneyAkha (Thai)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL2930
1367152187,m243bjà böbee pupaAkha (Thai)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL3600
1372212187,5802244bjà sjhàŋbeeswaxAkha (Yunnan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4420
1363002187,m244bjà ýhoneyAkha (Yunnan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL2930
1372202187,5802243bjà-sjhàŋbeeswaxAkha (Thai)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4420
1419382187346pjàbeeBisu486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Bradley 9x BisuDB-Bisu0
1367182187,m633bjà böbee pupaHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL3600
1372232187,5802633bjà shɔ̀beeswaxHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4420
1877772187,m510bja³¹si⁵⁵honeybeeHani (Dazhai)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC153.310
1347532187633djàbeeHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL420
1363022187,m633djà ýhoneyHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL2930
3638092187,m1839bja³¹si⁵⁵beeNanimHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0367.410
3621602219,21871839dze⁵⁵phja³³sparrow hawknHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0329.410
1878022187,2187,m418pɔ³¹; pɔ³¹mɔ³³honeybeeHani (Caiyuan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC153.300
13475521871299pɔ̀beeHani (Pijo)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL420
1367202187,m1299pɔ̀ pjì ?bee pupaHani (Pijo)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL3600
1363042187,m1299pɔ̀ ɣýhoneyHani (Pijo)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL2930
2999622187,m630bja³¹jɔ³¹honeybeeHani (Gelanghe)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Li Yongsui 86 HaniJZ-Hani0
1347522187635bbiaqbeeHani (Wordlist)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL420
1367172187,m635bbiaq◦bbyuqbee pupaHani (Wordlist)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL3600
1363012187,m635bbiaq◦eelhoneyHani (Wordlist)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL2930
1372222187,5802635bbiaq◦saoqbeeswaxHani (Wordlist)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL4420
1347562187638pɔ³¹beeHaoni486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL420
1878032187,m1416pɔ³¹tʃhɿ⁵⁵honeybeeHani (Shuikui)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC153.320
1347542187784pjòbeeHani (Khatu)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL420
1367192187,m784pjò pjìbee pupaHani (Khatu)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL3600
1363032187,m784pjò tshýhoneyHani (Khatu)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL2930
3638102187,m1840pɔ³¹tʃhɿ⁵⁵beeNanimHani (Mojiang)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0367.420
13306621871115pho²beeMpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL420
43476721871120pjo²beeMpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Srinuan 76SD-MPD0
435118m,21871120wa⁴pjo²waspMpi486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Srinuan 76SD-MPD0
4584881606,21871961hai33 ja31birdPyen486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Shintani 09 PyenST-PL0220010
4586101606,2187,6731961hai33 ja31 pam31bird's nestPyen486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Shintani 09 PyenST-PL0600060
45850421871961pja31beePyen486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Shintani 09 PyenST-PL0240080
45907321871968bjɛ21beeSila486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Kato 08 LaoKT-LPDR1140
1637592187415ʃɪ¹fowlBwe (Western)507Karenic1Luce 85GHL-PPBE.210
1667622187,m,m413ʃɪ́ ə-ʃᴜchicken's feathersBwe507Karenic1Henderson 97 KarEJAH-BKD0
1637602187588ʃi¹fowlGeba507Karenic1Luce 85GHL-PPBE.210
4992011604,2187,m1981tʰó̤◦byá◦nbéscarlet sunbird [lit. bird-??]NKayan (Pekon)507Karenic1Manson 10 KayanKM-Kayan0

^ 1.
Lit. “iron bird.”