1.0 The Body > 1.2 Head and Face > 1.2.7 Ear

#2070 PTB *ruŋ HOLE / ORIFICE / EAR

Reconstructed mesoroots below:

This root is well-attested in Tani, and probably also in Qiangic and Central Naga.

This root occurs as second element in compounds with #811 PTB *r/g‑na EAR / HEAR / LISTEN. There is a fortuitous resemblance between this etymon and #814 PTB *m/g‑(r)wa‑ŋ/k/t HORN / ANGLE / CORNER, which has a certain specious plausibility since the ears are located on the sides of the head like horns.

rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
2832122070173ruŋhole / dent*Tani51.1.1Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST2030
1737102070287-ruhole / dentApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST 1
1533796487,2070,m286ja-|ru ru-bueardrumApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1533816487,2070,452285ja-|ru ru-buearlobeApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1534196487,2070,576285ja-|ru ru-jiearwaxApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1533846487,2070,m286ja-|ru ru-leʔearlobeApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1533946487,2070,m286ja-|ru ru-pĩearringApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1533826487,2070,452286ja-|ru ru-pɯʔearlobeApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1533956487,2070,m286ja-|ru ru-tĩearring (woman's)Apatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1533836487,2070,m286ja-|ru ru-tuʔearlobeApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1550976373,2070285ká-rɯhole through which to seeApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
155648m,2070286mi-rulairApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1550912070,820285rù-kóholeApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
156884803,806,2070334na-fuŋ uŋnostrilBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
153676682,2070334ñik-ruŋeye socketBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1533852070,452334ruŋ-bɯrearlobeBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1534212070,576334ruŋ-jiːearwaxBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1529182070,m334ruŋ-ǰiːdeafnBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1534002070,m334ruŋ-niearring (small)Bengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1534202070,815334ruŋ-supearwaxBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
173711p,2070333uŋ-ruŋhole / dentBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
152498p,2070,m334uŋ-ruŋ-lɯkconcaveBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
346778p,20701820a ruŋwellnBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0035.240
346830p,20701820a ruŋpitnBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0036.240
377845p,20701820a ruŋtrap / pitfallnBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0639.240
173712p,2070360a-ruŋhole / dentBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
155098p,2070365a-ruŋhole, cavityBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
350918m,m,p,20701820i jin a ruŋanusnBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0115.240
3555172070,m1820ruŋ bedeaf personnBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0204.240
4196492070,m1820ruŋ bedeaf, bev.Bokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1504.240
1529162070,m365ruŋ-bedeafBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1534222070,m365ruŋ-ŋeːearwaxBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
160911189,2070365si-ruŋwellnBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
346806189,20701820ɕi ruŋwellnBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0035.240
181106p,2070368a ruŋwellBokar Lhoba731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC22.510
41334682,2070366mik◦ruŋeye socketBokar Lhoba731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun H 80 MLDSLZO-MLD0
1953352070,m368ruŋ bedeaf personBokar Lhoba731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC301.510
413382070,576366ruŋ◦'eːearwaxBokar Lhoba731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun H 80 MLDSLZO-MLD0
414082070,m366ruŋ◦bedeaf personBokar Lhoba731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun H 80 MLDSLZO-MLD0
489045p,20701979a◦ruuaperturen.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
491924p,20701979a◦ruuholen.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
493546m,20701979hi◦ruuporcupine denn.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
490562m,20701979hi◦ruuden (of a porcupine)n.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
489341m,2777,2777,20701979hot◦tum-tum◦ruubear denn.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
490561m,2777,2777,20701979hot◦tum-tum◦ruuden (bear)n.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
490563m,m,m,20701979ho◦men-men◦ruuden (tiger)n.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
495215m,m,m,20701979ho◦men-men◦ruutiger denn.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
4939272070,m1979ruu◦gokring (ears)adj.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
49466320701979ruu◦jaksplit (ear)adj.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
4905242070,m1979ruu◦jideafadj.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
49454120701979ruu◦kensoft spot (near ear)n.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
449972070,m,m564ruː-ɟi-nadeafGalo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 63 GalKDG-IGL0
445742070,m,s564ruː◦ko-namdrillingvGalo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 63 GalKDG-IGL0
445732070,m,m564ruː◦ko-nanedrillGalo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 63 GalKDG-IGL0
489311p,6524,6524,20701979ta◦pen-pen◦ruubatcaven.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
4919251269,20701979`lɨɨ◦ruuhole (in stone)n.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
4908242070,57611979`ruu◦bəkear (right)n.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
4939222070,57611979`ruu◦bəkright earn.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
49082520701979`ruu◦ciear disease (variety)n.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
4908232070,56241979`ruu◦ciear (left)n.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
4923672070,56241979`ruu◦cileft earn.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
49082720701979`ruu◦ci-talɨɨear watern.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
4933872070,m1979`ruu◦koopierce (ear)vt.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
4908262070,14291979`ruu◦məear hairn.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
4917412070,14291979`ruu◦məhair (ear)n.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
49082820701979`ruu◦pukear waxn.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
49566620701979`ruu◦pukwax (ear)n.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
222542070,14121078ru◦tɯdeafMiri, Hill731.1.1.1Western Tani1Simon 76 MiriIMS-HMLG0
3273362070,m1792rung-biear (left)Nishing731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 69 DafKDG-Daf0
3273372070,m1792rung-ciear (right)Nishing731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 69 DafKDG-Daf0
3273382070,m1792rung-tarrdeafNishing731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 69 DafKDG-Daf0
1466056373,2070,s1444ka-ru-nampeep through a hole, window etc.vTagin731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 83 TagKDG-Tag0
458766487,p,20701444nyaruŋ a◦roŋearholeTagin731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 83 TagKDG-Tag 2
46358m,m,20701444roŋriŋnɤ sɤ◦ruŋdeep wellTagin731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 83 TagKDG-Tag0
459362070,m,16181444ruŋ ɟinɤ nyimɤdeaf womanTagin731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 83 TagKDG-Tag0
459352070,m1444ruŋ◦ɟideafTagin731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 83 TagKDG-Tag0
173713p,20701253a-ruŋhole / dentPadam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
117937803,806,p,2070189nyé-bung-a-rungnostrilPadam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
1598562070,m498ruŋ-ciəmtemple (of head)Damu741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1598552070,m498ruŋ-ciəŋtemple (of head)Damu741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1529172070,m498ruŋ-tyndeafDamu741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1534232070,m498ruŋ-ɕəkearwaxDamu741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1533806487,p,2070498ŋi-|ruŋ ʔa-ruŋearholeDamu741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
155095p,2070498ʔa-ruŋholeDamu741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
160906p,189,m,2070498ʔa-ɕi døː-ruŋwellDamu741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1855p,2070,m,m,m1070a◦ruŋ-ru-muk-maperforateMilang741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Tayeng 76 MilAT-MPB0
527803,809,p,20701070nu-kuŋ-a-ruŋnostrilMilang741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Tayeng 76 MilAT-MPB0
526m,m,p,20701070ra-ɲu-a-ruŋholeMilang741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Tayeng 76 MilAT-MPB0
2404632070,m270rong◦naroearringAo (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
165407p,811a,2070270te◦na◦rongearAo (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
171764p,811a,2070,p,7795270te◦na◦rong-a◦jakdeafAo (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
620062p,811a,20702226tə²-na²ɹuŋ³earn.Ao (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Bruhn 14 PCNDWB-PCNII.2310
5582p,811a,2070275²tɯ³na³ruŋearAo (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT6070
2404642070,m273rong◦naruearringAo (Mongsen: Longchang)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
165408p,811a,2070273te◦na◦rongearAo (Mongsen: Longchang)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
171765p,811a,2070,p,7795273te◦na◦rong-te◦chakdeafAo (Mongsen: Longchang)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
450700p,811a,20701963[tə]-hna◦ɹuŋearn.Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Coupe 07 AoARC-GMA0
450662p,811a,2070,p,77951963[tə]-hna◦ɹuŋ tə-tʃakdeaf ('ear' + NZP + 'break')Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Coupe 07 AoARC-GMA0
165433o,811a,20701639te◦na◦longearYacham631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
169219p,811,2070252te◦na◦longearAngami (Khonoma)651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNLGEM0
126393803,2093,m,2070319nɑ³⁵ nga⁵³ ɦo¹³ ru⁵³nostrilBaima222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 91 BaimSHK-BaimaQ3.5.20
129711m,442,20701135sɯ⁵⁵ndʑɯ³⁵rø³⁵nostrilMuya [Minyak]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 MuyQSHK-MuyaQ3.5.20
129162m,809,20701319stə◦qəʴ dʑunostrilQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 MawQSHK-MawoQ3.5.20
37563m,20701316stə◦ʑunostrilQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Sun J 86 MawoJS-Mawo0
145944803,809,808,2070309ŋṽ̱ˌ²¹ kʰv̱ˌ⁴⁴ tɯ̱²¹ ʔuĩ³³nostrilBai (Jianchuan)518Bai1Zhao 90ZYS-Bai3.5.20

^ 1.
[Source note] as in ja‑ru ‘ear’.
^ 2.
Tagin nyaruŋ a roŋ implies that ruŋ HORN/EAR is distinct from aroŋ HOLE (cf. Jackson’s Mirish reconstruction for HOLE).