1.0 The Body > 1.9 Reproductive System > 1.9.9 Body Fluids

#191 PTB *laŋ WATER / FLUID / RIVER / VALLEY

Reconstructed mesoroots below:
rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
283396191173laŋsoup*Tani51.1.1Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST3870
174345p,191287a-lasoupApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
159120p,191286a-lasoupApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
155489p,191285a-lájuiceApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
159843682,191285mí-latearsApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
159835682,191286miʔ-latearsApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
155109m,m,p,191285ñá-ñi a-láhoneyApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
155111p,m,p,191286ta-ju a-lahoneyApatani731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
174346p,191333a-laːsoupBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
159117p,191334a-lɯːsoupBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
159844682,191334ñik-laːtearsBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
158601682,191,m,m334ñik-laː čoː/bished tearsBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
158602682,191,6426334ñik-laː linshed tearsBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
1580332620,191334ruk-laːresinBengni731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
368119p,1911820a laŋsoupnBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0451.240
398117p,1911820a laŋwatery / thin (porridge)Bokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1031.240
174347p,191360a-laŋsoupBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
159118p,191365a-laŋsoupBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
159955p,191365a-laŋthin (liquid)Bokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
159121p,189,p,191365i-si a-laŋsoup (watery)Bokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
353120682,1911820mik laŋtearsnbpBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0158.240
159845682,191365mik-laŋtearsBokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
158600682,191,m,m365mik-laŋ dɯ-getshed (tears) (in drops)Bokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
158599682,191,6426,m365mik-laŋ len(-kap)shed (tears)Bokar731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
200435p,191368a laŋsoupBokar Lhoba731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC401.510
192173682,191368mik laŋtearnBokar Lhoba731.1.1.1Western Tani1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC239.510
44417p,191564a◦lasoupGalo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 63 GalKDG-IGL0
494582p,1911979a◦laasoupn.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
492226p,1911979a◦laajuicen.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
492227m,1911979paa◦laajuicen.Galo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09GLDC-GED0
44259682,191564ɲig◦latearsGalo731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 63 GalKDG-IGL0
21894682,1911078ɲik-latearsMiri, Hill731.1.1.1Western Tani1Simon 76 MiriIMS-HMLG0
326778p,1911792a◦lasoupNishing731.1.1.1Western Tani1Das Gupta 69 DafKDG-Daf0
174348p,1911253a-laŋsoupPadam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 HCSTJS-HCST0
113907p,91,p,191189a-pi a◦langbilePadam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-EtyJHL-AM p.2550
113910p,91,p,191189ap-pio a◦langbilePadam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-EtyJHL-AM p.2550
1139046546,m,p,191189pui-ing a◦langbilePadam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-EtyJHL-AM p.2550
159119p,191498ʔa-rasoupDamu741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Sun J 93 TaniJS-Tani0
466m,p,1911070au a◦losoupMilang741.1.1.2Eastern Tani1Tayeng 76 MilAT-MPB0
316911m,191961lí◦lhòvalleyLotha Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Acharya 75ACH19750
118829611,m,1911472hup kha-laŋsweatn.,v.Tangkhul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
10436187,1911040pi◦raŋtearsn.Meithei131.4Meithei1Singh 91 MeiQCYS-Meithei3.4.60
113894p,2101,p,1911064a◦mut a◦langbileMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
144554p,2101,p,1911066a◦mut-a◦langbileMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB(3)0
47221m,p,1911063bùm a-lāngsemenMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Grüssner 79 BPKHG-MikirQ1590
118485m,p,1911064bum a◦langsemen ("penis-water")Mikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
470445539,1911063chū-lāngmilkMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Grüssner 79 BPKHG-MikirQ740
2602531911062langwaternMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
47045m,1911063mók-lāngmilkMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Grüssner 79 BPKHG-MikirQ1720
172344m,1911062mok◦langmilkMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
114329m,1911064mok◦langbreast milkMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
259503191429langrainnChang851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
260004m,191429yei◦langstormnChang851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
113898p,m,1911543u◦ba◦laʔbileThulung302.3.4Western Kiranti1Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
346250191,m1813luo³³ku⁵³valleynLyuzu343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0025.180
5153281912011laŋ¹river / valley*Lolo-Burmese426.1Lolo-Burmese1Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB5990
286816m,191207tɕi³¹laŋ³¹riverAchang (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Dai 85 AcJZJZ-Achang0
346264191,23221829lɔ̃³¹khauŋ³⁵valleynBola (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0025.320
3880961911829lɔ̃⁵⁵classifier for riverclfBola (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0837.320
346524m,1911829ɣəi⁵⁵lɔ̃⁵⁵rivernBola (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0030.320
3880951911828lɔ̃³¹classifier for riverclfLangsu (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0837.310
346263191,23221828lɔ̃³⁵khauŋ²¹valleynLangsu (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0025.310
346523m,1911828ɣək³¹lɔ̃³¹rivernLangsu (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0030.310
3880971911830laŋ³¹classifier for riverclfLeqi (Luxi)446.1.1Burmish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0837.330
1808981013,1911034ɣək³¹lɔ̃³¹riverMaru [Langsu]446.1.1Burmish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC18.430
11761191152laŋ¹river*Loloish456.1.2Loloish1Bradley 79 PLoDB-PLolo3140
133980191153laŋ¹river*Loloish456.1.2Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL2880
4620191911962lo³³ravine; ravine [classifier]; valley; valley [classifier]Yi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
462024191,m,m,m1962lo³³gu³⁴la³³da³³ravineYi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
462577m,1911962mu³⁴lo³³ravine; valleyYi (Liangshan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Ma 08 YiSIL-Nuosuindex0
1809151911663lɒ³³riverYi (Mojiang)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC18.260
346529191,m1834lɑ³³dʐɑ²¹rivernYi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0030.370
346269191,m1834lɑ³³khu²¹valleynYi (Nanhua)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0025.370
346268191,m1833lu⁵⁵tʂy⁵⁵valleynYi (Weishan)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0025.360
346284191,m1832lɑ³³dɑ³³valleynYi (Xide)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0025.350
346267m,1911832mu³⁴lo³³valleynYi (Xide)466.1.2.1Northern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0025.350
3881081911842lə⁴⁴classifier for riverclfJinuo476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0837.440
4765001911969lɔ31riverKucong476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Dai 09 KucongDC-Kucong0
3465351911841lɔ³¹rivernLahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0030.430
3881071911841lɔ³¹classifier for riverclfLahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0837.430
346275191,m1841lɔ³¹qɑ³⁵valleynLahu (Lancang)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0025.430
180893191851lɔ³¹riverLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC18.330
441436191831lɔ̀river; valleyLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 88 DLJAM-DL1401-20
441437191,m831lɔ̀-qáriver, streamLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 88 DLJAM-DL14020
441438191,m831lɔ̀-qhòʔvalley; dry riverbedLahu (Black)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Matisoff 88 DLJAM-DL14020
301927191856lɔ²riverLahu (Yellow)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Chang 86JZ-Lahu0
273616m,m,191946de²¹ma²¹lɔ⁴⁴Drung River valleyLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
274081m,m,191946ji³³dʑæ³³lɔ⁴⁴creek; river valley; riverLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
274677m,m,191946jiʔ²¹ma³³lɔ⁴⁴river valley; mountain streamLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
286658191,m943law⁴-hku⁵valleyLisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
286151191,m943law⁴-hku⁵ravineLisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Fraser 22JF-HLL0
346272191,m1838lo̱³³kho³¹valleynLisu476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0025.400
277409191,m946lɔ³³khu²¹mountain valleyNLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
277406191,m946lɔ³³khɔ²¹mountain valley; gully; ravineNLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
277408191,m,191,m946lɔ³³khɔ²¹ lɔ³³mi⁴⁴ravineLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
277455191946lɔ⁴⁴ravineNLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
281045191,m,m,191946lɔ⁴⁴khɔ²¹ thi²¹lɔ⁴⁴narrow strip of valleynLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
277456191,m946lɔ⁴⁴ma⁴⁴mountain valley; ravineLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
277458191,m946lɔ⁴⁴vu⁵⁵north; upper reach of river; beginning of ravineLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
277457191,m946lɔ⁴⁴za²¹small ravineLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
278145m,m,191,m946mi²¹tɕeʔ²¹ lɔ⁴⁴tɕeʔ²¹create valleyLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
282657m,m,191,m944my²¹tɕeʔ²¹ lɔ⁴⁴tɕeʔ²¹create valleyLisu (Central)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
281415m,m,191,m946wa²¹tɕe³³ lɔ³³khɔ²¹mountain valley; ravineLisu (Northern)476.1.2.2Central Loloish1Bradley 94 LisuDB-Lisu0
133982191228lɔ́riverAkha486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL2880
134829191,m244lɔ́ bàriverAkha (Yunnan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL540
136268191,m243lɔ́-bàriverAkha (Thai)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL2880
51256539,191344khàn◦laŋsalivaBisu486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Beaudouin 88 BisuPB-Bisu150
142157191346láŋwaterBisu486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Bradley 9x BisuDB-Bisu0
142101191,m346láŋ◦bariverBisu486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Bradley 9x BisuDB-Bisu0
51288191,99344láŋ◦bɛthirstybe v.Bisu486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Beaudouin 88 BisuPB-Bisu270
142084191,2595346láŋ◦ʃámotterBisu486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Bradley 9x BisuDB-Bisu0
512413458,308,191344lɔŋ◦pɛt◦láŋmilkBisu486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Beaudouin 88 BisuPB-Bisu150
51220m,229,191344pɛ◦khà◦laŋgallBisu486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Beaudouin 88 BisuPB-Bisu14 2
141940m,229,191346pɛ◦kʰà◦(làŋ)bileBisu486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Bradley 9x BisuDB-Bisu0
136271191,m633ló bàriverHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL2880
180892191,m510lo⁵⁵ba³¹riverHani (Dazhai)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC18.310
3881051911839lo⁵⁵classifier for riverclfHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0837.410
346533191,m1839lo⁵⁵ba³¹rivernHani (Lüchun)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0030.410
1339851911299riverHani (Pijo)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL2880
136273191,m1299lú mɔriverHani (Pijo)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL2880
180917191,m418lu⁵⁵pɔ³¹riverHani (Caiyuan)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC18.300
299844191,m630lɔ⁵⁵ba³¹riverHani (Gelanghe)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Li Yongsui 86 HaniJZ-Hani0
136270191,m635lol◦bbaqriverHani (Wordlist)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Hansson 89 AHKPILH-PL2880
180918191,m1416lu⁵⁵pɔ³¹riverHani (Shuikui)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC18.320
346534191,m1840lu⁵⁵pɔ³¹rivernHani (Mojiang)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0030.420
346274191,m1840lu⁵⁵xu³¹valleynHani (Mojiang)486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0025.420
16776191,99,s1285lɑ̃⁵⁵ bɑt¹¹ de³³thirstyCôông [Phunoi]486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Bradley xx PhuDB-Phunoi0
127504619,m,1911290mõ³¹ hut lã⁵⁵sweat / perspirationCôông [Phunoi]486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Ferlus 91MF-PhnQ8.2.10
236119253,1911284nù lã́milkCôông [Phunoi]486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Bradley 79 PLoDB-PLolo0
4584671911961laŋ45waterPyen486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Shintani 09 PyenST-PL0120320
458468191,m1961laŋ45 kɯŋ45(water) clearPyen486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Shintani 09 PyenST-PL0120440
458573191,m1961laŋ45 lɔŋ45boiling waterPyen486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Shintani 09 PyenST-PL0450010
458558191,m,m1961laŋ45 ʃen31 ne45waterv.Pyen486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Shintani 09 PyenST-PL0360210
458471m,1911961nam31 loŋ45riverPyen486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Shintani 09 PyenST-PL0120640
172913253,1911618nᴜ̀ wɯ̌ŋmilkUgong486.1.2.3Southern Loloish1Bradley 93 UgoDB-Ugong5.4.30
513394191,m,m,m,m1998lo˧ʂu˩-hi˩nɑ˧mi˧Lugu lakeNa (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze10
5133681911998lo˩mountain valleyNa (Yongning)436.2Naxi1Michaud 06 NaLazeAM-NaLaze10
3462771911843lo²¹valleynNaxi436.2Naxi1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0025.450

Chinese comparandum

The primary comparandum here is:

浪 OC *lɑ̂ng, GSR #735k ‘name of a river’; B & S 2011: *rˁaŋ {*[r]ˁaŋ}; Mand. (làng).

The entry for 浪 làng in 說文 Shuō Wén says simply “滄浪河南入江”, where 滄浪河 Cánglàng Hé is the name of a river, purportedly in Central China. Early on, 浪 appears in other toponyms as well, e.g. 莊浪 Zhuānglàng, a county in Gansu prov., 康浪 Kānglàng, a river in Shandong prov. At the very least, we are justified in treating 浪 as a hydronym in the above cases; however, we would further argue that 浪 was originally a more general, Sinitic term for ‘river, stream, flow’. A useful analogy can be found in European toponyms such as Aberdour (Scotland), Durance (France), Dora (Italy), which may not immediately appear to be related to each other, but all of which are posited as deriving from a Celtic element *dur, a generic term for ‘water’.

Also attested early on for 浪 is the meaning ‘excessive, dissolute’, cited by Karlgren in GSR #735k, but as a separate etymon. Likewise, the meaning ‘wave, breaker’ the usual hydrologic sense of 浪 in Modern Chinese, may be a separate development; it is not cited in GSR #735, and is apparently not attested earlier than MC.
[SPB]


^ 1.
“While the cited forms all mean ‘soup’, this PT root has a more general meaning ‘thick liquid’ and appears also in such words as ‘honey’, ‘tears’, ‘resin’, and ‘mucus’. Cf. Mikir a‑lang ‘juice’. Cf. PTB *laŋ ‘water, river, valley’ (Prof. Matisoff, p.c.)” Sun 1993a: 120.
^ 2.
Bisu pɛ khà ‘liver’ (cf. Garo bi‑ka ‘liver’).