STEDT Etymon #1842
1.0 The Body > 1.1 Body Parts > 1.1.5 Strength
#1842 PTB *g/m/b-raŋ STRONG / FIRM / TENSE |
A few forms (Chepang, Burmish) show final ‑m instead of ‑ŋ.
For a possibly related root, where the *r is prefixal rather than part of an initial consonant cluster, see #5727 PTB *r‑kaŋ STRONG.
This root is set up as *graŋ ⪤ *kraŋ in HPTB:267.
There is apparently a doublet at the PKC level: PKC *khrooŋ ‘strong’, *khraŋ‑I, khran‑II ‘grow / increase / rise’.
| rn | analysis | lgid | reflex | gloss | gfn | language | grpid | grpno | grp | genetic | citation | srcabbr | srcid | rn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 77023 | 1842,1842 | 168 | krang/mkrang | hard / strong | *Sino-Tibetan | 1 | 0 | Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Coblin 86 | WSC-SH | 91 | 0 | |
| 515010 | 1842,1842 | 2012 | graŋ ⪤ kraŋ | strong / firm / tight / distended | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Matisoff 03 HPTB | JAM-HPTB | 267 | 0 | |
| 39687 | 1842 | 505 | pɹeŋ³⁵ | strength | Darang [Taraon] | 6 | 1.1.2 | Deng | 1 | Sun H 80 MLD | SLZO-MLD | 0 | ||
| 379712 | 1842 | 1818 | pɹeŋ⁵⁵ | strength (physical) | n | Darang [Taraon] | 6 | 1.1.2 | Deng | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0675.22 | 0 |
| 206146 | 1842 | 509 | pɹeŋ⁵⁵ | strength | Darang [Taraon] | 6 | 1.1.2 | Deng | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 513.49 | 0 | |
| 342112 | m,1842 | 1800 | ta:◦grõ | strong | Darang [Taraon] | 6 | 1.1.2 | Deng | 1 | Anonymous xx Tar | NEFA-Taraon | 0 | ||
| 501376 | 1842 | 1920 | khraŋ-I, khran-II | GROW / INCREASE / RISE | *Chin | 8 | 1.2 | Kuki-Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 1345 | 0 | |
| 501385 | 1842 | 1920 | khrooŋ | STRONG | *Chin | 8 | 1.2 | Kuki-Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 1354 | 0 | |
| 448106 | 1842 | 1926 | kháŋ-I, khàn-II | grow | Thado | 68 | 1.2.1.1 | Northern Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 1345 | 0 | |
| 448105 | 1842 | 1925 | khang² > khan³ | grow, prosper | Tiddim | 68 | 1.2.1.1 | Northern Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 1345 | 0 | |
| 314143 | 1842 | 1778 | khang² > khan³ | grow; prosper | v | Tiddim | 68 | 1.2.1.1 | Northern Chin | 1 | Bhaskararao 96 CDB | PB-CLDB | 721 | 0 |
| 170577 | 1842 | 1597 | khaŋ²/khan³ | grow, prosper | Tiddim | 68 | 1.2.1.1 | Northern Chin | 1 | Bhaskararao 94 TCV | PB-TCV | 0 | ||
| 448107 | 1842 | 1928 | chang | grow | v | Cho (Mindat) | 69 | 1.2.1.2 | Southern Plains Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 1345 | 0 |
| 448146 | 1842 | 1928 | chäng ⪤ khawng | strong, firm | Cho (Mindat) | 69 | 1.2.1.2 | Southern Plains Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 1354 | 0 | |
| 448103 | 1842 | 1923 | ṭhǎŋ-I, ṭhàn-II | grow | Lai (Falam) | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 1345 | 0 | |
| 448102 | 1842 | 1947 | thrâŋ-I, thrǎn-II | grow, grow | Lai (Hakha) | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 1345 | 0 | |
| 448145 | 1842 | 1947 | thròoŋ-I, thrǒon-II | strong | be v. | Lai (Hakha) | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 1354 | 0 |
| 316243 | 1842 | 1779 | Thang | grow | v | Lushai [Mizo] | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | Bhaskararao 96 CDB | PB-CLDB | 2940 | 0 |
| 448104 | 1842 | 1924 | ṭháng-I ṭhàn-II | grow, to increase in size, etc | v | Lushai [Mizo] | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 1345 | 0 |
| 242460 | 1842 | 976 | t̥hang | grow | Lushai [Mizo] | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 619365 | 1842 | 2229 | m-|raŋ | HARD / STRONG | be v. | *Central Naga | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Bruhn 14 PCN | DWB-PCN | III.206 | 0 |
| 619083 | 1842 | 2228 | m-|ɹaŋ | HARD | be v. | *Ao | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Bruhn 14 PCN | DWB-PCN | II.310 | 0 |
| 148802 | 1842 | 272 | m-raŋ| | hard | Ao (Chungli) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | French 83 | WTF-PNN | 501 | 0 | |
| 148803 | 1842 | 272 | me raŋ| | hard | Ao (Chungli) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | French 83 | WTF-PNN | 501 | 0 | |
| 242557 | 1842 | 270 | merang | hard | Ao (Chungli) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 259023 | 1842 | 270 | merang | iron | Ao (Chungli) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 619809 | 1842 | 2226 | mə²|ɹaŋ² | hard | be v. | Ao (Chungli) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Bruhn 14 PCN | DWB-PCN | II.310 | 0 |
| 619836 | 1842 | 2245 | mə³|ɹaŋ³ | iron | n. | Ao (Chungli) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Bruhn 14 SuppCN | DWB-CNSD | 0 | |
| 238073 | 1842 | 273 | merang | brave | adj | Ao (Mongsen: Longchang) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | |
| 242559 | p,1842 | 273 | tü◦marang | hard | Ao (Mongsen: Longchang) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 148804 | p,1842 | 274 | tə ma |raŋ | hard | Ao (Mongsen: Longchang) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | French 83 | WTF-PNN | 501 | 0 | |
| 450432 | p,1842 | 1963 | (NZP-) məɹaŋ | hard, be stiff | be v. | Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Coupe 07 Ao | ARC-GMA | 0 | |
| 148805 | 1842,m | 1641 | ma |laŋ la | hard | Yacham-Tengsa | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | French 83 | WTF-PNN | 501 | 0 | |
| 242580 | 1842,m | 1640 | malang◦la | hard | Yacham-Tengsa | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 618342 | p,1842 | 2206 | a◦mürang | strong | Yimchungrü | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Kumar 73 Yim | BBK-Yim | 79 | 0 | |
| 71334 | p,1842 | 358 | ga◦khraŋ | fixed, firm, healthy | Bodo | 80 | 1.7.1.1 | Bodo | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 382 | 0 | |
| 318405 | p,1842 | 350 | gə◦krəŋ | strong; firm; straight | Bodo | 80 | 1.7.1.1 | Bodo | 1 | Bhat 68 Boro | Bhat-Boro | 0 | ||
| 466933 | 1842,m,m | 1945 | mang-rak-a | healthy; strong | vi | Garo (Bangladesh) | 81 | 1.7.1.2 | Garo | 1 | Burling 03 Garo | RB-LMMG | 8.91-II:idx | 0 |
| 78856 | 1842 | 161 | raŋ | hard | *Northern Naga | 12 | 1.7.2 | Northern Naga/Konyakian | 1 | French 83 | WTF-PNN | 501 | 0 | |
| 148801 | 1842,m | 809 | wan pu | difficult | Konyak | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | French 83 | WTF-PNN | 501 | 0 | |
| 239968 | 1842,m | 807 | wan◦pu | difficult | Konyak | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 148800 | 1842,m | 809 | waŋ pu | hard | Konyak | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | French 83 | WTF-PNN | 501 | 0 | |
| 488509 | 1842 | 1978 | wɔŋ³¹ | difficult | Phom | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | Burling 98 Phom | BP-PPWL | 0 | ||
| 488406 | 1842 | 1978 | wɔŋ³¹ | force / power / strength (e.g. of a man, elephant) (cf. 'difficult') | Phom | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | Burling 98 Phom | BP-PPWL | 0 | ||
| 488565 | 1842,m | 1978 | wɔŋ³¹gɔʔ³³ | strong ('power; difficult'+?) | Phom | 85 | 1.7.2.2 | Konyak-Chang | 1 | Burling 98 Phom | BP-PPWL | 0 | ||
| 260471 | 1842,m | 1402 | ram◦bu | strong (human) | adj | Tibetan (Sherpa) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Hale 73 CSD | AH-CSDPN | 12a.04 | 0 |
| 148841 | 1842 | 1567 | kʻraŋ | hard, solid, compact | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Jäschke 1881 | HAJ-TED | p.55 | 0 | |
| 242590 | 1842 | 1564 | mkhraṅ | hard | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 148842 | 1842,s | 1567 | mkʻraŋ-ba | hard | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Jäschke 1881 | HAJ-TED | p.55 | 0 | |
| 480464 | 1842 | 1977 | gramʔ | firm, resolute | onom. | Chepang | 28 | 2.4 | Kham-Magar-Chepang | 1 | Caughley 00 Chepang | RC-DOC | 0 | |
| 480445 | 1842 | 1977 | grəmh- | firm muscled | va. | Chepang | 28 | 2.4 | Kham-Magar-Chepang | 1 | Caughley 00 Chepang | RC-DOC | 0 | |
| 480443 | 1842 | 1977 | grəmʔ | firm, steady, resolute | onom. | Chepang | 28 | 2.4 | Kham-Magar-Chepang | 1 | Caughley 00 Chepang | RC-DOC | 0 | |
| 480446 | 1381,1842 | 1977 | hluŋ grəmh- | bold, firm, stout-hearted | va. | Chepang | 28 | 2.4 | Kham-Magar-Chepang | 1 | Caughley 00 Chepang | RC-DOC | 0 | |
| 469897 | 1842 | 1970 | khjã | strong | Tangut [Xixia] | 33 | 3.1 | Tangut | 1 | Li 97 Tangut | LFW1997 | 2178 | 0 | |
| 40290 | 32,1842 | 540 | sɑ̆ʔ⁵⁵ zɑŋ⁵³ | strength | Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang) | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Sun H 82 Dul | JZ-Dulong | 0 | ||
| 38611 | p,1842 | 201 | ɑ³¹ ɕɑŋ³⁵ | strength | Achang (Lianghe) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Dai 85 AcJZ | JZ-Achang | 0 | ||
| 38476 | p,1842 | 204 | a³¹ xʐaŋ⁵⁵ | strength | Achang (Longchuan) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Dai 85 AcJZ | JZ-Achang | 0 | ||
| 379718 | p,1842 | 1824 | a³¹xʐaŋ⁵⁵ | strength (physical) | n | Achang (Longchuan) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0675.28 | 0 |
| 206142 | p,1842 | 200 | a³¹xʐaŋ⁵⁵ | strength | Achang (Longchuan) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 513.41 | 0 | |
| 379719 | p,1842 | 1825 | a³¹xʐaŋ⁵⁵ | strength (physical) | n | Achang (Xiandao) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0675.29 | 0 |
| 13246 | 1842 | 370 | ɣam³¹ | strength | Bola | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Dai 89 Bola | DQ-Bola | 961 | 0 | |
| 379722 | 1842 | 1829 | ɣam³¹ | strength (physical) | n | Bola (Luxi) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0675.32 | 0 |
| 439302 | 1842 | 406 | kraṁʼ | firm, resolute | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Benedict 76 WBur | PKB-WBRD | 0 | ||
| 438096 | 1842 | 406 | kraŋʼ | tense, tight | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Benedict 76 WBur | PKB-WBRD | 0 | ||
| 438095 | 1842 | 406 | kyaŋʼ | tense, tight | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Benedict 76 WBur | PKB-WBRD | 0 | ||
| 379721 | 1842 | 1828 | ɣam³⁵ | strength (physical) | n | Langsu (Luxi) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0675.31 | 0 |
| 206143 | 1842 | 1034 | ɣam³⁵ | strength | Maru [Langsu] | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 513.43 | 0 |
彊 / 強 / 强 OC *gʼi̯ɑng, GSR #710e-g ‘strong’; Schuessler 2007:427 *gaŋ; B & S 2011: *ɡaŋ {[ɡ]aŋ}; Mand. qiáng.
強 / 强 OC *gʼi̯ɑng, GSR #710e-g ‘make an effort’; Schuessler 2007:427 *gaŋʔ; B & S 2011: *m‑kaŋʔ; Mand. qiǎng.
張 OC *ti̯ɑng, GSR #721h ‘draw a bow; stretch, expand, extend’; Schuessler 2007:605-6 *traŋ; B & S 2011: *C.traŋ ; Mand. zhāng.
帳 OC *ti̯ɑng, GSR #721g ‘curtain’; Schuessler 2007:605-6 *traŋh; B & S 2011: *traŋ‑s; Mand. zhāng.
長 OC *d’i̯ɑng, GSR #721a-e ‘long, longstanding; excelling’; Schuessler 2007:605-6 *draŋ; B & S 2011: *Cə‑N‑traŋ {Cə‑[N]‑traŋ}; Mand. cháng.
長 OC *d’i̯ɑng, GSR #721a-e ‘grow (up); senior, official’; Schuessler 2007:605-6 *traŋʔ; B & S 2011: *traŋʔ; Mand. zhǎng.