STEDT Etymon #181
6.0 Verbs of Motion, of Manipulation, and of Production > 6.19 Social action
#181 PTB *s-nya-s ⪤ *s-nyan PUNISH / OPPRESS / COERCE |
We are combining two roots set up separately in STC: *nye ‘punish’ (#252) and s‑nyen ‘oppress, coerce’ (#193).
| rn | analysis | lgid | reflex | gloss | gfn | language | grpid | grpno | grp | genetic | citation | srcabbr | srcid | rn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 72201 | 181 | 182 | nye | punish | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 252 | 0 | |
| 515583 | 181 | 2012 | nye-|s | punish | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Matisoff 03 HPTB | JAM-HPTB | 605 | 0 | |
| 72142 | 181 | 182 | nyen | oppress / coerce | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 193 | 0 | |
| 515584 | 181 | 2012 | s-|nyen | hurt / oppress | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Matisoff 03 HPTB | JAM-HPTB | 605 | 0 | |
| 410827 | 181,m | 1820 | ȵeː◦pa | punish | v. | Bokar | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1308.24 | 0 |
| 70338 | 181 | 685 | nyèn | coax, defraud | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 193 | 0 | |
| 70671 | 181 | 685 | nyé | punish; cause woe | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 252 | 0 | |
| 622220 | 181 | 668 | nyéʔ | call (when threatening pigs) | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Dai 83 Jing | DQ-Jingpho | 652 | 0 | |
| 70339 | 181 | 685 | śənyèn | take by force, coerce | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 193 | 0 | |
| 451948 | 181 | 1964 | sənaiŋ | rob | Sak | 40 | 1.7.3.2 | Asakian | 1 | Huziwara 08 Sak | HK-Sak | 163-1 | 0 | |
| 70669 | 181,m | 1578 | nye-źo | mishap | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 252 | 0 | |
| 147520 | 181 | 1578 | nyen-pă | pained, pinched, pressed hard; to toil and moil | be v. | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 193 | 0 |
| 70670 | 181,s | 1578 | nyes-pa | calamity ; punishment | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 252 | 0 | |
| 470133 | 181 | 1970 | ŋjir (ŋjĩ) | disaster, calamity | Tangut [Xixia] | 33 | 3.1 | Tangut | 1 | Li 97 Tangut | LFW1997 | 2444 | 0 | |
| 410821 | 181,m,m | 1808 | ȵe¹³ pə⁵⁵ brə³³ | punish | v. | Queyu (Xinlong) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1308.13 | 0 |
| 31819 | 181 | 401 | hñâñ | oppress, bully | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Matisoff 74 TJLB | JAM-TJLB | 234 | 0 | |
| 438845 | 181 | 406 | hñâñ | hurt, oppress | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Benedict 76 WBur | PKB-WBRD | 0 | ||
| 70341 | 181 | 409 | hńàń | hurt, oppress, bully | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 193 | 0 | |
| 31818 | 181 | 401 | ñâñ | sigh, moan | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Matisoff 74 TJLB | JAM-TJLB | 234 | 0 | |
| 438755 | 181 | 406 | ñâñ | sigh, moan; grumble | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Benedict 76 WBur | PKB-WBRD | 0 | ||
| 147521 | 181 | 409 | ńàń | sigh, moan, groan; grumble / murmur at | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 193 | 0 |
The primary comparandum is:
蹍 OC *ni̯ɑn, GSR #201c ‘trample’; B & S 2011: *nranʔ {[n]r[a][n]ʔ}; Mand. niǎn.
But consider the following as well:
展 OC *ti̯ɑn, GSR #201a ‘roll over, unfold, develop’; B & S 2011: *trenʔ; Mand. zhǎn.
輾 OC *ti̯ɑn, GSR #201b ‘roll over and back, roll to the side’; B & S 2011: *trenʔ {tre[n]ʔ; Mand. zhǎn.
碾 OC (*ni̯ɑn), not in GSR #201, but attested in MC, ‘grind, crush, husk; stone roller’, Mand. niǎn.
All four of the above etyma have a common semantic focus, i.e. ‘roll over’. Moreover, the first three (and likely the last) belong to the same OC phonetic series, and show OC *alveolar initials differing only in manner. This strongly suggests an allofamic relationship between 蹍, 展, 輾, and possibly 碾, to be reconstructed as *ti̯ɑn ⪤ *ni̯ɑn or similar for Old Chinese, if not earlier.