1.0 The Body > 1.7 Internal Organs > 1.7.1 Heart

#1387 PTB *s-diŋ HEART / LIVER

For the moment, we are reconstructing this root as a separate item from #689 PTB *s/k‑n(y)i‑k/ŋ HEART / MIND / BRAIN. However, Kanauri stiŋ is a regular reflex of the latter, since the initial sequence *sn‑ is regularly obstruentized into Kanauri st‑ (see HPTB p. 103).

A number of Qiangic forms with complex initials are also provisionally assigned to this root.

It is highly likely that this root is indeed ultimately related to #689 PTB *s/k‑n(y)i‑k/ŋ HEART / MIND / BRAIN.

rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
1445051387180(s-)|diŋheart / liver*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB(2)0
761387,2291037tin◦kʰabileMeithei131.4Meithei1Abbi 85AAAM-SSM0
47189m,13871063phék-túngliverMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Grüssner 79 BPKHG-MikirQ1420
47187m,13871063phék-túngviscera / guts / entrailsMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Grüssner 79 BPKHG-MikirQ1420
168958m,13871062phek◦tungliverMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
47731m,1387880phi◦diliverLalung [Tiwa]801.7.1.1Bodo1Balawan 65MB-Lal510
78147p,13871675a dinliverTangsa (Yogli)841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1French 83WTF-PNN5150
166193p,13871490a◦dinliverTangsa (Yogli)841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
116944p,1387732pē◦ṭṭiṅstomachKanauri202.1.1Western Himalayish0Matisoff 87 BPJAM-Ety0
1444981387734stiŋheartKanauri202.1.1Western Himalayish0Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB(2)0
1313841387,m1005tiŋ◦ñaliverPattani [Manchati]202.1.1Western Himalayish0Sharma, S.R. 91 MaSTP-ManQ9.50
1444991387725ḍingheartKaike222.1.2Bodic1Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB(2)0
1690201387,13811095thing◦lomheartTsangla (Central)222.1.2Bodic1Andvik 93EA-Tsh210
620571387,13811098thing◦lumheartTsangla (Central)222.1.2Bodic1Egli-RodunerSER-HSLT35 110
1938351387,13811088thiŋ◦lomheartTsangla (Motuo)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC272.70
392981387,13811085tʰiŋ⁵⁵ lom¹³heartTsangla (Motuo)222.1.2Bodic1Zhang Jichuan 86JZ-CLMenba0
422281387,13811086tʰiŋ◦lomheartTsangla (Motuo)222.1.2Bodic1Sun H 80 MLDSLZO-MLD0
394531387,13811089tʰim-luŋheartTsangla (Tilang)222.1.2Bodic1Zhang Jichuan 86JZ-CLMenba0
3523911387,13811851thiŋ lomheartnMotuo Menba222.1.2Bodic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0144.070
482801387171ᴬtiŋheart*TGTM232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 78 TamMM-K7820
1769911387172ᴬtiŋheart*TGTM232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis4500
17470913871858tiŋheartChantyal232.1.4Tamangish1Matisoff PCPC0
646141387604heartGurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Glover 72 GuVoSIL-Gur1.520
658331387604tĩ ɖug ɖug yahbaqbeat (heart)Gurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Glover 72 GuVoSIL-Gur2.B.2.230
477951387603¹tĩheartGurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 78 TamMM-K7820
1769891387600¹tĩheartGurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis4500
798011387999din²heartManang (Gyaru)232.1.4Tamangish1Nagano 84 ManYN-Man0350
4779613871001¹tĩheartManang (Ngawal)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 78 TamMM-K7820
2064013871002³tĩheartManang (Prakaa)232.1.4Tamangish1Hoshi 84HM-Prak00360
17699013871003¹tĩheartManang (Prakaa)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis4500
4779013871454¹tiŋheartTamang (Risiangku)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 78 TamMM-K7820
12624113871455¹tiŋheartnTamang (Risiangku)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 91 TamQMM-TamRisQ9.30
17698313871456¹tiŋheartTamang (Risiangku)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis4500
14450413871460tingheartTamang (Sahu)232.1.4Tamangish1Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB(2)0
12296213871464tiŋheartTamang (Sahu)232.1.4Tamangish1Taylor 72 TmVoSIL-Sahu1.520
12416513871464tiŋ tʰuhk tʰuhk ta-pabeat (heart)v.Tamang (Sahu)232.1.4Tamangish1Taylor 72 TmVoSIL-Sahu13.B.230
4779113871461¹tiŋheartTamang (Sahu)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 78 TamMM-K7820
17698413871462¹tiŋheartTamang (Sahu)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis4500
17698513871467tiŋheartTamang (Taglung)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis4500
4779313871523ᴴtinheartThakali (Marpha)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 78 TamMM-K7820
17698713871524⁵⁴tinheartThakali (Marpha)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis4500
4779413871525ᴴtinheartThakali (Syang)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 78 TamMM-K7820
17698813871526⁵⁴tinheartThakali (Syang)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis4500
14450113871528tinheartThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangish1Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB(2)0
6772013871531tinheartThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangish1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak1.52.10
4779213871529ᴴtinheartThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 78 TamMM-K7820
17698613871530ᴴtinheartThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis4500
1435811387129diŋliver*Kiranti292.3Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71110
1440151387,1320323tïŋ◦lemspleenBantawa762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71680
1435801387,1320323tïŋ◦lem◦spleenBantawa762.3.2Southern Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71110
1435771387307diŋliverBahing302.3.4Western Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71110
1445031387303diŋliverBahing302.3.4Western Kiranti1Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB(2)0
1208151387641diŋlivernHayu302.3.4Western Kiranti1Michailovsky 89 H2BM-Hay84.2460
1435761387643diŋliverHayu302.3.4Western Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71110
1445001387646diŋliverHayu302.3.4Western Kiranti1Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB(2)0
1208191387,458641diŋ◦dzyotlungnHayu302.3.4Western Kiranti1Michailovsky 89 H2BM-Hay84.2460
144502p,13871439au-diliverSunwar302.3.4Western Kiranti1Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB(2)0
143578p,13871435au◦diliverSunwar302.3.4Western Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71110
14357913871542duŋliverThulung302.3.4Western Kiranti1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71110
4943413871545duŋliverThulung302.3.4Western Kiranti1Allen 75NJA-Thulung0
1445121387,m1544dyu-ŋaliverThulung302.3.4Western Kiranti1Matisoff 78 VSTBJAM-VSTB(3)0
3524021387,m1813ti⁵³mi⁵³heartnLyuzu343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0144.180
35239413871805xuə⁵⁵heartnPumi (Jiulong)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0144.100
35239313871853skhyɛ⁵⁵heartnPumi (Lanping)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0144.090
19383713871306skhyɛ⁵⁵heartPumi (Qinghua)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC272.110
4289213871304skʰyɛ⁵⁵heartPumi (Qinghua)343.2Qiangic1Lu 83 PumiJZ-Pumi0
4302713871307xuɐ⁵³heartPumi (Taoba)343.2Qiangic1Lu 83 PumiJZ-Pumi0
19386113871309xuɐ⁵³heartPumi (Taoba)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC272.100
5111911387,s,m1996ɕì (mì)-qə̀pleased, satisfied [heart-go]Qiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang21700
5066731387,s1996ɕì mìheartQiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang1790
5104461387,s,m,m1996ɕì mì-à sɨ̀at ease, assured [heart-m]Qiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang18870
5118111387,s,m1996ɕì mì-iádote on (child) [heart-ache]Qiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang2392 1
5120731387,s,m1996ɕì mì-tsácareful [heart-small (semantic b)]Qiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang24930
5120741387,s,m1996ɕì mì-tɕícareful [heart-small (semantic b)]Qiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang24930
5117741387,s,m1996ɕì mì-zɨ̀greedy [heart-?]Qiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang23780
51081213871996ɕì qó lòrememberQiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang20190
51081313871996ɕì qə́rememberQiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang20190
51044713871996ɕì tóat ease, assuredQiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang18870
5107231387,m1996ɕì tshòlose heartQiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang19880
50976413871996ɕì ɚ́love (for older generation)Qiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang16240
51200113871996ɕì ɚ́hopev.Qiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang24640
5123231387,m1996ɕì ɚ́worry [heart-dry]Qiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang25760
5096691387,6601996ɕì-nàhappy [heart-good]Qiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang15880
5111901387,m,m1996ɕì-qə̀-qə̀pleased, satisfied [heart-go-go]Qiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang21700
5104051387,m1996ɕì-ɚ́worry, be anxious [heart-dry]Qiang (Longxi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang18670
375091387,m1316si◦ʴmiheartQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Sun J 86 MawoJS-Mawo0
1938601387,m1320stiː miheartQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC272.80
20620213871320stiː micourageQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC514.80
431771387,m1317stiː◦miheartQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 81 QiaJZ-Qiang0
4306413871317stiː◦micourageQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 81 QiaJZ-Qiang0
22629613871320stiː◦nɑgladQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC908.80
1293301387,m1319sti◦miheartQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 MawQSHK-MawoQ9.30
42954713871852ɕtɕə ku̥ nɑlike / lovev.Qiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1714.080
40222313871852ɕtɕə ku̥ ɑ nɑhappy / excitedQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1117.080
4301921387,3520,m1852ɕtɕə xu̥ liuwant (to go)v.Qiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1728.080
3523921387,m1852ɕtɕɪj miɛheartnQiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL0144.080
42056613871852ɕtɕɪj miɛ tshɛn pɑunderstandv.Qiang (Mawo)343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1524.080
506546m,m,13871997goù pà tiéinstep [foot-LOC?-heart]Qiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang1290
507850m,m,13871997mɛ̀ ɕà-tiéwick [m-heart]Qiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang7400
506481386,243,13871997qɛ̀ ȵà-tiéfontanel [brain-heart]Qiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang102.10
507290m,m,13871997tià tiá-tièstamen, pistil [m-heart]Qiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang4730
5104481387,m,m1997tiè dɛ̀ lɛ̂at ease, assured (tiè='heart')Qiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang18870
5096701387,6601997tiè nàhappy [heart-good]Qiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang15880
50967913871997tiè tshòumournful, grievedQiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang15920
5084611387,m1997tiè-qáinside (of thing) [heart-m]Qiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang1050.10
5066741387,m1997tié mùheartQiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang1790
50652513871997tié mù zèchestQiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang1200
5084391387,m1997tié tìcenter, hub (tié='heart')Qiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang10430
5117751387,m1997tié-bʐàgreedy [heart-big]Qiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang23780
5097371387,m,2436,m1997tiɛ́-qɛ̀-mì-tə̀careless, slipshod [heart-m-not-put]Qiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang16130
5103871387,m,m,m,m1997tí mì-(tè)-ʐù liànauseous [heart-p-uncomfortable]Qiang (Mianchi)343.2Qiangic1Evans 99 QiangJPE-SQiang18590
4322313871321χtie³³ mə³³courageQiang (Taoping)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 81 QiaJZ-Qiang0
20617813871323χtie³³mə³³courageQiang (Taoping)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC514.90
433251387,m1321χtie⁵⁵ mə⁵⁵heartQiang (Taoping)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 81 QiaJZ-Qiang0
22622113871323χtie⁵⁵bʐɑ³¹lazyQiang (Taoping)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC907.90
1938361387,m1323χtie⁵⁵mə⁵⁵heartQiang (Taoping)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC272.90
21668413871323χtie⁵⁵nɑ³³likeQiang (Taoping)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC720.90
22627213871323χtie⁵⁵nɑ³³gladQiang (Taoping)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC908.90
22606813871323χtie⁵⁵ɕya⁵⁵intelligentQiang (Taoping)343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC904.90
178951387,m1325ɕtɕi◦miheartQiang (Yadu)343.2Qiangic1Dai 89 QianDQ-QiangN1790
1312081387,1384?1698xe⁵⁵ mø⁵³heartQueyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZhaQSHK-ZhabQ9.30
1938641387,m1699xe⁵⁵mø⁵³heartQueyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC272.160
1296531387558zɣiaʴheartErgong (Danba)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 ErDQSHK-ErgDQ9.30
1938631387557zɣiaʴheartErgong (Danba)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC272.140
1286241387560zɟjua³³heartErgong (Northern)353.3rGyalrongic1Sun H 91 ErNQSHK-ErgNQ9.30

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[Source note] calque?