1.0 The Body > 1.8 Secretions and Somatophonics > 1.8.8 Emotional Somatophonics > 1.8.8.1 Laugh/Smile

#1105 PTB *m-nwi(y)-k LAUGH

Reconstructed mesoroots below:

This well-established root shows variation between short and long vowels. A velar suffix is attested in several subgroups of the family.

This root is so wide-spread that it occurs even in Tujia and Karenic.

rnanalysislgidreflexglossgfnlanguagegrpidgrpnogrpgeneticcitationsrcabbrsrcidrn
771351105168mnjwɨɣlaugh*Sino-Tibetan10Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)0Coblin 86WSC-SH1020
721401105182m-|nwi(y)laugh*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Benedict 72 STCSTC1910
771381105183m-|nwi(y)laugh*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Coblin 86WSC-SH1020
789231105185m-|nwi(y)laughv.*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0French 83WTF-PNN5100
51557511052012m-|nwi(y)-|klaugh*Tibeto-Burman20.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)0Matisoff 03 HPTBJAM-HPTB6050
54981105134m-|nuylaughv.*Kuki-Naga-Chin31NE Indian Areal Group0Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT5370
357211105,s659nu◦gasmileIdu61.1.2Deng1Pulu 78JP-Idu0
50086711051920nu(u)y-I, -nuyʔ-II; hnu(u)y-I, hnuyʔ-IISMILE / LAUGH*Chin81.2Kuki-Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC8360
703321105815m-|nuilaugh*Kuki81.2Kuki-Chin1Benedict 72 STCSTC1910
34282511051802nuilaughKuki-Chin681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Haokip 98Qbp-KC11.90
34260511051802nuismilevKuki-Chin681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Haokip 98Qbp-KC3.9.40
445682m,1105,m1927zūm nuī hīsmileSizang681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC8360
29330811051509núismileThado681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Thirumalai 72THI1972550
4456811105,11051926núuy-|I, nùy-|IIsmile, laughThado681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC8360
3279831105,11051794-nuːi/ˍnuiʔlaughvTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Henderson 65 TidCEJAH-TC0
4456801105,m,11051925nui² > nuiʔ³laughTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC8360
3147781105,m,11051778nuːi² > nui?³laughvTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB12680
1708201105,11051597nuːi²/nuiʔ³laughTiddim681.2.1.1Northern Chin1Bhaskararao 94 TCVPB-TCV0
44568311051948noilaughAsho691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC8360
22421105291nwɛ́ilaughv.Asho691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT130
44931111051957m̩nïⁱʔlaughChinbon691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1So-Hartmann 88 ChinHSH-SCL1090
44568411051929pnúylaugh, smile, grinKhumi691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC8360
44987011051959pənuⁱʔlaughKhumi691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1So-Hartmann 88 ChinHSH-SCL1090
44959211051958nïⁱlaughMatu691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1So-Hartmann 88 ChinHSH-SCL1090
45015111051960mᵊnylaughWakung691.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1So-Hartmann 88 ChinHSH-SCL1090
44567811051923hnǐi-I, hnìʔ-IIsmile, laughLai (Falam)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC8360
44567711051947nìi-I, niʔ-IIsmile, laughLai (Hakha)701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC8360
2441451105976nuilaughvLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2579441105976nuismileLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
31613111051779nuilaughvLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Bhaskararao 96 CDBPB-CLDB27480
703311105984nuilaughLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Benedict 72 STCSTC1910
763241105986nuilaughLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1Coblin 86WSC-SH1020
4456791105,11051924núi-|I, nùih-|IIlaugh, to giggle, to smilevLushai [Mizo]701.2.2Central Chin1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC8360
445676m,11051921pa-hnèilaughLakher [Mara]711.2.3Maraic1VanBik 09 PKCKVB-PKC8360
2239m,1105870²pə¹hneilaughv.Lakher [Mara]711.2.3Maraic1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT130
131535m,m,1105805in◦rim mənuismilevKom Rem721.2.4“Old Kuki”0Toba 91 KRQT-KomRQ3.9.40
1318031105805mə |nuilaughKom Rem721.2.4“Old Kuki”0Toba 91 KRQT-KomRQ11.90
2240m,m,1105883kʌ-pʌ-nìlaughv.Lamkang721.2.4“Old Kuki”0Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT130
15048411051112nnə́laughMoyon721.2.4“Old Kuki”0Kosha 90DK-Moyon11.90
15027311051112nnə́smilevMoyon721.2.4“Old Kuki”0Kosha 90DK-Moyon3.9.40
52430811052030mə-|nʉ́ʉlaughSorbung721.2.4“Old Kuki”0Mortensen 11 SorbungMK-SorbungBodyParts.3460
52416011052030mənʉ́ʉsmilev.Sorbung721.2.4“Old Kuki”0Mortensen 11 SorbungMK-SorbungBodyParts.1060
6192221105,11052229m-|nəj ⪤ m-|nwiLAUGH / SMILE*Central Naga631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Bruhn 14 PCNDWB-PCNIII.0630
61902811052228m-|nəjLAUGH / SMILE*Ao631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Bruhn 14 PCNDWB-PCNII.2550
2441151105270menülaughvAo (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
61980611052226mə²|nə²laugh, smilev.Ao (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Bruhn 14 PCNDWB-PCNII.2550
50575511051991mɯ̄nɯ̄smilev.Ao (Chungli)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Temsunungsang 09 AoTT-APPA20
2441161105273menilaughvAo (Mongsen: Longchang)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2579351105,m273meni◦ramsmileAo (Mongsen: Longchang)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
450435p,1105,s1963(NZP-) məni-mı̀humorous ('laugh' + DESID)be v.Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Coupe 07 AoARC-GMA0
45092811051963mənilaugh, smile [laughed, smiled]v.Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Coupe 07 AoARC-GMA0
25793811051364münyüsmileSangtam631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
24413411051364münyülaughvSangtam631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
6182141105,s2205münyü◦cholaughv.Sangtam631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Kumar 73 SangBBK-Sangtam0
6182151105,m2205münyü◦nyüsmileSangtam631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Kumar 73 SangBBK-Sangtam0
24413911051640manülaughvYacham-Tengsa631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
61850211052206münelaughYimchungrü631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Kumar 73 YimBBK-Yim960
24414011051672münelaughvYimchungrü631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
6185041105,m2206müne◦müchihsmilev.Yimchungrü631.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1Kumar 73 YimBBK-Yim820
22411105257²nɯlaughv.Angami Naga651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT130
2441131105252laughvAngami (Khonoma)651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2579331105252smileAngami (Khonoma)651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2579341105254smileAngami (Kohima)651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2441141105254nyülaughvAngami (Kohima)651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
1672331105256nyüsmilevAngami (Kohima)651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Nienu 90 AngQVN-AngQ3.9.40
1673511105256nyü³¹laughAngami (Kohima)651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Nienu 90 AngQVN-AngQ11.90
2441181105486nyilaughvChokri651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
1675871105487nyi³¹laughChokri651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Nienu 90 ChoQVN-ChkQ11.90
1674331105487nyi³¹smilevChokri651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Nienu 90 ChoQVN-ChkQ3.9.40
2327111105796nɯ̵̀laughKhezha651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Yabu 94 KhöSY-KhozhaQ11.90
24412311051017laughvMao651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
24412611051050nuilaughvMeluri651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
24413311051335nyülaughvRengma651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
343166m,11051803(aku)◦nulaughSema [Sumi]651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Achumi 98Qbp-Sumi11.90
24413511051382nulaughvSema [Sumi]651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2579391105,m1382nui◦yasmileSema [Sumi]651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
3429311105,m1803nu◦mighesmilevSema [Sumi]651.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1Achumi 98Qbp-Sumi3.9.40
2441191105790nuilaughvKhoirao641.3.3Zeme Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
24412411051018nyulaughvMaram641.3.3Zeme Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
24413211051301manoilaughvPuiron641.3.3Zeme Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
24412911051347nuilaughvRongmei / Nruanghmei641.3.3Zeme Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2345481105,m1348nui məilaughRongmei / Nruanghmei641.3.3Zeme Group1Matisoff 94 RongJAM-Rong0
24414111051694nnuilaughvZeme641.3.3Zeme Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2238m,11051695¹ke¹nuilaughv.Zeme641.3.3Zeme Group1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT130
24412711051137nuilaughvMzieme641.3.3Zeme Group1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
52883811052031laugh / mock*Tangkhulic661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-Tk3950
525334m,m,11052023kə-mə-nuklaughHuishu661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-TkBodyParts.1350
525286m,m,11052023kʰə-mə-nuksmile; laughHuishu661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-TkBodyParts.0800
525650m,1105,m2023mə-nuk-kʰemock; smile; laughHuishu661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-TkVerbs.1080
524942m,m,11052022kʰə-mə-nilaugh / smileKachai661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-TkBodyParts.3180
244136p,11051471ma◦nalaughvTangkhul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
257940p,11051471ma◦nasmileTangkhul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
30590911051470laughTangkhul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Bhat 69 TNVBhat-TNV910
30591011051470nɯtlaughTangkhul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Bhat 69 TNVBhat-TNV910
2237m,m,11051469¹khə¹mə¹nəlaughv.Tangkhul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT130
620809m,m,11052024kʰa-n-nylaughTusom661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-TkBodyParts.3300
526777m,m,11052025kʰə-mə-nulaughUkhrul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-Tk0
527496m,m,11052025kʰə-mə-nɯlaugh, mock atUkhrul661.3.4Tangkhulic1Mortensen 12 TkDRM-Tk0
257945m,m,11051041mo◦mon◦noksmileMeithei131.4Meithei1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
24414611051041noklaughvMeithei131.4Meithei1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
30410611051047noklaughMeithei131.4Meithei1Benedict 72 STCSTC101n2890
106901105,s1040nok◦pəlaughMeithei131.4Meithei1Singh 91 MeiQCYS-Meithei11.90
104871105,s1040nok◦pəsmilev.Meithei131.4Meithei1Singh 91 MeiQCYS-Meithei3.9.40
244147p,11051062ing◦neklaughvMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
257946p,11051062ing◦neksmileMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
47247p,11051063ing◦nèk- ⁶ ing◦nì-laughMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Grüssner 79 BPKHG-MikirQ250
304107p,11051068iŋ◦neklaughMikir [Karbi]141.5Mikir [Karbi]1Benedict 72 STCSTC101n2890
54971105105m-|nilaughv.*Barish161.7.1Bodo-Garo1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT5370
53327211052064mi-|nilaugh*Bodo-Garo161.7.1Bodo-Garo1Burling 59 PBoRB-PB4420
22361105349minilaughv.Bodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT130
3219491105350minismilevBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Bhat 68 BoroBhat-Boro0
703301105358minilaughBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Benedict 72 STCSTC1910
763221105359minilaughBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Coblin 86WSC-SH1020
3219501105,m350mini káŋlaughvBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Bhat 68 BoroBhat-Boro0
3219511105,m350mini kukusmiling, happyBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Bhat 68 BoroBhat-Boro0
3219551105,m350mini◦blaman with a smiling faceBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Bhat 68 BoroBhat-Boro0
3200291105,m350mini◦diyadid not smileBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Bhat 68 BoroBhat-Boro0
3219531105,m350mini◦gaglalaugh with a loud voicevBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Bhat 68 BoroBhat-Boro0
3219541105,m350mini◦glalaughvBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Bhat 68 BoroBhat-Boro0
3188241105,m350mini◦gulaugh muchvBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Bhat 68 BoroBhat-Boro0
3219561105,m350mini◦haraman with a smiling faceBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Bhat 68 BoroBhat-Boro0
3183761105,m350mini◦klablaughvBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Bhat 68 BoroBhat-Boro0
3219521105,m350mini◦krusmiling, happyBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Bhat 68 BoroBhat-Boro0
3183511105,m350mini◦krusmiling / happyBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Bhat 68 BoroBhat-Boro0
3205961105,m350mini◦pasmile with smnvBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Bhat 68 BoroBhat-Boro0
3233671105,m350mini◦sludsmile a littlevBodo801.7.1.1Bodo1Bhat 68 BoroBhat-Boro0
2441431105531minilaughvDimasa801.7.1.1Bodo1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2579421105531minismileDimasa801.7.1.1Bodo1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
763231105535minilaughDimasa801.7.1.1Bodo1Coblin 86WSC-SH1020
554331105803mi-|nilaughKokborok801.7.1.1Bodo1Tripuri 88PT-Kok0
477121105,s880mini◦nalaughLalung [Tiwa]801.7.1.1Bodo1Balawan 65MB-Lal380
477131105,m,m,s880mini◦sum ri◦nasmileLalung [Tiwa]801.7.1.1Bodo1Balawan 65MB-Lal380
223511051036minilaughv.Meche801.7.1.1Bodo1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT130
476157m,11051973thi◦mini-make someone smilevAtong821.7.1.3Koch1van Breugel 08 AtongSVB-GA0
789221105161C̬-|nilaughv.*Northern Naga121.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1French 83WTF-PNN5100
24412811051188ngilaughvNocte841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
657211051187¹ŋelaughv.Nocte841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT815b0
7811711051192ŋilaughvNocte841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1French 83WTF-PNN5100
7811811051192ŋitlaughvNocte841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1French 83WTF-PNN5100
24413711051489nilaughvTangsa (Moshang)841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
7811611051107nilaughvTangsa (Moshang)841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1French 83WTF-PNN5100
7811511051675nilaughvTangsa (Yogli)841.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1French 83WTF-PNN5100
781221105435ñilaughvChang851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1French 83WTF-PNN5100
2441171105429nyilaughvChang851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
781201105809ñilaughvKonyak851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1French 83WTF-PNN5100
2441201105807nyilaughvKonyak851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
7812111051283ñilaughvPhom851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1French 83WTF-PNN5100
48869411051978ñi⁵⁵laughPhom851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Burling 98 PhomBP-PPWL0
24413111051281nyilaughvPhom851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
7811911051632ñilaughvWancho851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1French 83WTF-PNN5100
24413811051628nyilaughvWancho851.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2441441105669manilaughvJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
2579431105669manismileJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Marrison 67 NagaGEM-CNL0
43049211051814mă³¹|ni³³laugh / smilev.Jingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1735.190
2165491105690mă³¹|ni³³laughJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC717.470
412731105679mă¹ |ni³³laughJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Liu 84JZ-Jingpo0
703291105685mənilaughJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Benedict 72 STCSTC1910
763211105687mənilaughJingpho371.7.3.1Jingpho1Coblin 86WSC-SH1020
1643851105566ñi²laughv.Ganan401.7.3.2Asakian1Luce 85GHL-PPBL.2780
1643861105720ni²laughv.Kadu (Kantu)401.7.3.2Asakian1Luce 85GHL-PPBL.2780
164384p,11051354ă⁴ne²laughv.Sak (Bawtala)401.7.3.2Asakian1Luce 85GHL-PPBL.2780
451629p,11051964a◦nélaughSak401.7.3.2Asakian1Huziwara 08 SakHK-Sak600
1777801105172ᴬʰnetlaugh*TGTM232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis5920
1777811105172ᴮʰnetsmile, laugh*TGTM232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis5940
1759991105172ᴮʰɲjotlaugh*TGTM232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis2510
1278201105,m,s436ne◦rə-walaugh / smileChantyal232.1.4Tamangish1Noonan 92NPB-ChanQ11.90
1276101105,m,s436ne◦rə-wasmilevChantyal232.1.4Tamangish1Noonan 92NPB-ChanQ3.9.40
1474601105,m,m604ni herarra labaqsmile (in friendliness, mockery)Gurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Glover 72 GuVoSIL-Gur10.B.3.130
665361105,m,s604ni kʰa◦baqsmile / amusedGurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Glover 72 GuVoSIL-Gur10.B.3.130
665351105,1780,s604ni◦syu◦baqlaughGurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Glover 72 GuVoSIL-Gur10.B.3.120
1777791105600¹nismileGurung (Ghachok)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis5920
798371105,1780,s999nyiy¹ syor² balaughManang (Gyaru)232.1.4Tamangish1Nagano 84 ManYN-Man0600
17599811051003²ɲiː-laughManang (Prakaa)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis2510
209361105,17801002¹ɲiː ³ɕor-laughManang (Prakaa)232.1.4Tamangish1Hoshi 84HM-Prak0291b0
2093511051002¹ɲiː-laughManang (Prakaa)232.1.4Tamangish1Hoshi 84HM-Prak0291a0
65701105,s1450'ŋe◦ppalaughv.Tamang232.1.4Tamangish1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT815b0
657111051450¹ŋe-laughv.Tamang232.1.4Tamangish1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT815b0
656511051468'neːlaughv.Tamang (Bagmati)232.1.4Tamangish1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT815a0
12627011051455²netlaughvTamang (Risiangku)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 91 TamQMM-TamRisQ11.90
17778811051456²netlaughTamang (Risiangku)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis5940
126271m,1105,s1455³tsjum ²net-pasmilevTamang (Risiangku)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 91 TamQMM-TamRisQ3.9.40
124760m,1105,s1464'ciːle 'nyep-pasmilev.Tamang (Sahu)232.1.4Tamangish1Taylor 72 TmVoSIL-Sahu21.C.130
124759m,1105,s1464'ikarikle 'nyep-pasmilev.Tamang (Sahu)232.1.4Tamangish1Taylor 72 TmVoSIL-Sahu21.C.130
656611051458'nyep-laughv.Tamang (Sahu)232.1.4Tamangish1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT815a0
1247571105,s1464'nyep-palaughv.Tamang (Sahu)232.1.4Tamangish1Taylor 72 TmVoSIL-Sahu21.C.120
1247581105,m,m,m1464'nyet-na la-pacause to laugh, to jokeadj.Tamang (Sahu)232.1.4Tamangish1Taylor 72 TmVoSIL-Sahu21.C.12.a0
17778911051462²ɲetlaughTamang (Sahu)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis5940
1777911105,s1467²ɲeː-balaughTamang (Taglung)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis5940
1777901105,s1467ɲeː-balaughTamang (Taglung)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis5940
1777921105,m1524⁵⁵'⁴⁴ɲeʌː-dzilaughThakali (Marpha)232.1.4Tamangish1Mazaudon 94 TheseMM-Thesis5940
678581105,m1531ŋje-lɔlaughThakali (Tukche)232.1.4Tamangish1Hari 71a ThVoSIL-Thak10.B.3.120
4781331105,m1975rett-elaughAthpare (Rai)312.3.1Eastern Kiranti1Ebert 97 AthpareKE-GA0
64032m,m,1105,s449blis-tə ŋi-sasmileChepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 72 CVocSIL-Chep10.B.3.130
22341105442nilaughv.Chepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Weidert 87 TBToAW-TBT130
48328211051977ni-laugh, grin (WD)vi.Chepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 00 ChepangRC-DOC0
48329511051977niʔ-grin, giggle, smile, laughvi.Chepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 00 ChepangRC-DOC0
1435051105443ŋi-laughv.Chepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Michailovsky 91 KrBM-PK71030
634291105,s449ŋi-salaughChepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 72 CVocSIL-Chep10.B.3.120
48080411051977ŋiʔ-smile, grin, laugh, giggle, twitter (as shrew)vi.Chepang282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 00 ChepangRC-DOC0
1279261105,m452niʔ◦naʔsmilevChepang (Eastern)282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 90 CheQRC-ChepQ3.9.40
1279271105,m452ŋiʔ◦nasmilevChepang (Eastern)282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 90 CheQRC-ChepQ3.9.40
1281391105,m452ŋiʔ◦naʔlaughChepang (Eastern)282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Caughley 90 CheQRC-ChepQ11.90
12765m,1105766'sas-nyalaughKham282.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1Watters 89 KhQDNW-KhamQ10.B.3.120
4304881105,11081810ni³³ri⁵⁵laugh / smilev.Muya343.2Qiangic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1735.150
1297381105,11081135ni³⁵ri³⁵smilev.Muya [Minyak]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 MuyQSHK-MuyaQ3.9.40
2165331105,11081136ni³⁵ri³⁵laughMuya [Minyak]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC717.150
1298501105,11081135ni³⁵ɣi³⁵laughMuya [Minyak]343.2Qiangic1Sun H 91 MuyQSHK-MuyaQ11.90
12742911051612ne³³laughTujia415Tujia1Chen 86 TuMQCK-TujMQ11.90
12734111051612ne³³smilevTujia415Tujia1Chen 86 TuMQCK-TujMQ3.9.40
4360411051617ne³³laughTujia (Southern)415Tujia1Tian 86JZ-Tujia0
12728511051611ne⁵⁵laughTujia415Tujia1Chen 86 TuBQCK-TujBQ11.90
12719311051611ne⁵⁵smilevTujia415Tujia1Chen 86 TuBQCK-TujBQ3.9.40
4346111051616ne⁵⁵laughTujia (Northern)415Tujia1Tian 86JZ-Tujia0
45718011051966nie4smile, laughvi.Tujia (Northern)415Tujia1Brassett 04 TujiaPCB-Tujia0
45380711051967nie⁴smile, laughvTujia (Northern)415Tujia1Brassett 06 TujiaBBL-TL2.20
43052211051847ȵie⁵³laugh / smilev.Tujia415Tujia1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1735.490
21657011051615ȵie⁵³laughTujia415Tujia1Sun H 91 ZMYYZMYYC717.380
577711105123ní'laughv.*Karen (Pwo)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS7980
43052311051849ni³³laugh / smilev.Karen507Karenic1Huang and Dai 92 TBLTBL1735.500
5777411051259laughv.Palaychi507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS7980
5777311051272níʔlaughv.Pwo (Bassein)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS7980
5777211051279laughv.Pwo (Moulmein)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS7980
5777611051394laughv.Sgaw (Bassein)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS7980
151491105746ni³³laughKaren (Sgaw/Hinthada)507Karenic1Dai 89 KarBDQ-KarenB24920
5777511051399nilaughv.Sgaw (Moulmein)507Karenic1Jones 61RBJ-KLS7980
148641105747ni³³laughKaren (Sgaw/Yue)507Karenic1Dai 89 KarADQ-KarenA24920

Chinese comparandum

唲 OC *ńi̯ĕg, GSR #873e ‘forced laughter, prattle’; Coblin 86: ST *mnjwɨɣ > OC *njəg; Schuessler 2007:225 *ne; B & S 2011: (*ŋe); Mand. ér.