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Chepang Psycho-collocations
Problem Description
- What is the word for 'heart' in Chepang (2.3.1 Kham-Magar-Chepang-Sunwar)?
- In which other words and expressions does this morpheme occur?
Show Solution
Search for 'heart' in the gloss search box of the Lexicon page, with 'Chepang' in the language search box. The search yields the basic result hluŋ 'heart' (and its transcriptional variant hlung). It also yields a variety of other lexical items that refer to the heart:
| form | gloss |
|---|---|
| hluŋ | heart; centre of feeling in body |
| hluŋ brek- | pain (heart) |
| hluŋ dyon- | have heart pain, angina |
| hluŋ gləŋ- | harden heart |
| hluŋ goŋʔ- | have a lying heart |
| hluŋ krəm- | stop with shock (heart) |
| hluŋ pək- | weaken (heart - after high fever) |
| hluŋ ri- | flutter, palpitate (heart) |
| hluŋ sraw- | beat with fright, shock (heart) |
| hluŋ ʔemheʔ- | palpitate (heart) |
| hluŋ.baŋ | stone erected on grave, over the heart |
| hluŋ(gore) | heart |
| hluŋ tuk | heart / locus of emotions |
| hluŋ tuk | heart / locus of personality |
However, 'heart' and 'liver' are frequently used in compounds in Tibeto-Burman languages to refer to states of mind or emotions ('psycho-collocations'). These do not appear in our search results because the glosses for such compounds do not necessarily include the word 'heart'. To find these psycho-collocations, open the Lexicon page again in a new browser window, and enter hluŋ, hlung in the form search box with 'Chepang' in the language search box. This new search yields these psycho-collocations:
| form | gloss |
|---|---|
| brəʔ.hluŋ | confused state of mind |
| hluŋ bhewʔ- | depressed, lifeless |
| hluŋ bhya- | determined to finish |
| hluŋ bliŋ- | capable, ready |
| hluŋ blyanʔ- | give heartburn, indigestion |
| hluŋ braw- | knowledgeable |
| hluŋ braŋh | of one mind, like-minded |
| hluŋ bres- | remain frightened, be confused, not able to think straight |
| hluŋ cak- | unwilling, dour |
| hluŋ ciʔ- | know, understand |
| hluŋ corʔ- | jealous, hate |
| hluŋ cyak- | uncaring |
| hluŋ cyak.ryəw.məyʔ | hard-hearted ones |
| hluŋ dho.may- | have peace of mind, be cheered, satisfied |
| hluŋ dhyut- | bear grudge against |
| hluŋ dhyəw- | mortified, humiliated, unable to speak (because of guilt, fear) |
| hluŋ dhəŋ- | become content, be settled in mind, be ready |
| hluŋ dyanh- | change mind |
| hluŋ dyok- | apathetic, uninterested in anything |
| hluŋ dyum- | resigned |
| hluŋ dyumʔ- | at ease (mind) |
| hluŋ dyuŋʔ- | feel worried or disturbed |
| hluŋ gaʔ- | want to flirt |
| hluŋ ges- | feel like teasing, flirting with someone |
| hluŋ ghiʔ- | aware, attentive |
| hluŋ ghyum- | downcast |
| hluŋ ghəmʔ- | subdued, uncommunicative, sullen |
| hluŋ gləŋ- | harden heart |
| hluŋ gor.ʔe | beloved, much loved |
| hluŋ goŋʔ- | have a lying heart |
| hluŋ grəmh- | bold, firm, stout-hearted |
| hluŋ gurh- | restless, bored (with place) |
| hluŋ gəmh- | confused |
| hluŋ ha- | hot in one's body |
| hluŋ haʔ- | clear-minded, light-hearted, happy, relieved |
| hluŋ hmət- | satisfied (previous longing), fulfilled |
| hluŋ jaŋ- | do well, readily, willingly |
| hluŋ jhah- | long for, wish for (esp. to see, visit) |
| hluŋ jhyom- | disappointed |
| hluŋ jhyəm- | unsatisfied, unhappy |
| hluŋ jhəmh- | satisfied (longing) |
| hluŋ jik- | distressed, sad, insulted, aggrieved, upset |
| hluŋ jik-sa | hurt (feelings) |
| hluŋ jəy- | without defects, pure, free from evil influence (ch.); be straightforward, direct (speaker) |
| hluŋ keŋ- | distracted, have divided mind |
| hluŋ kho- | resist temptation |
| hluŋ khəʔ- | feel loathing |
| hluŋ klot- | change mind, attitude |
| hluŋ klot.kay.ti noʔ- | come to argument |
| hluŋ kloyk- | change attitude (to friend, etc.) |
| hluŋ kləm- | dislike person |
| hluŋ kləmh- | cool off (anger) |
| hluŋ kləs.ʔəŋ- | annoyed with |
| hluŋ kləyh- | hard-hearted |
| hluŋ kləŋh- | remain angry |
| hluŋ kray- | pleased with events |
| hluŋ kroŋ- | bold, firm |
| hluŋ krya- | envious, jealous |
| hluŋ kryanh- | awake to a need |
| hluŋ kəy.sə- | bothered, upset, fed up |
| hluŋ lay- | concentrate on (esp. recalling) |
| hluŋ le- | awake, alert |
| hluŋ lih- | unhappy, sad |
| hluŋ liʔ- | hard-hearted |
| hluŋ lyawh- | agree |
| hluŋ lə- | envious, covetous |
| hluŋ mi- | unhappy |
| hluŋ mro- | pleased, happy (with action), accept gesture, gift, explanation, etc. |
| hluŋ mrya- | clear-minded |
| hluŋ məlh- | angry, indignant |
| hluŋ nə.rək- | have lump in chest (with emotion or eating) |
| hluŋ phe- | die down (anger) |
| hluŋ phenh- | at odds |
| hluŋ phus- | ready to listen, pay attention, be ready to give |
| hluŋ phuʔ- | frank, blunt (in speech), bold |
| hluŋ pləwʔ- | not communicative |
| hluŋ prəp- | cheerful, in good spirits, unafraid |
| hluŋ res- | reminisce |
| hluŋ reŋ- | have new or different attitude, see in different light |
| hluŋ riŋh- | trembling (usually with fear) |
| hluŋ ro- | happy (doing something) |
| hluŋ ron- | prepared (mentally) to go |
etc., etc.
...as well as a few other compounds:
| form | gloss |
|---|---|
| hluŋ bləw- | regurgitate, retch, gag |
| hluŋ brum- | warm (clothes, place, body, etc.) |
| hluŋ dhuk- | nauseated |
| hluŋ dot- | try all shamans (unsuccessfully) |
| hluŋ glyan- | feel nauseated, regurgitate |
| hluŋ prunh- | gnaw (hunger pains) |
This 'second browser window search' technique is very useful in finding compounds, whether psycho-collocational or otherwise. Additionally, as areal semantics play a role in Tibeto-Burman, once one locates a particular compound in one language, one can often find compounds with similar semantics in other languages.
