STEDT Etymon #97
1.0 The Body > 1.9 Reproductive System > 1.9.2 Birth
#97 PTB *hu BORN / BIRTH / REAR |
This excellent root, with a relatively rare laryngeal proto-initial, appears in the NE Indian Areal Group, Lolo-Burmese, and Qiangic, with a range of meanings including ‘be pregnant’; ‘give birth’; ‘bring up, rear (a child)’; ‘nourish, feed’, covering the whole range of parental responsibility from conception to childhood. It is reconstructed in Matisoff 1985, ‘God and the Sino-Tibetan copula’ (note 69, p. 38) and in Matisoff 1988, The Dictionary of Lahu (p. 1071), and discussed in the context of TB laryngeal-initial etyma in general in Matisoff 1997 “Primary and secondary laryngeal initials in TB” (section 5.3).
| rn | analysis | lgid | reflex | gloss | gfn | language | grpid | grpno | grp | genetic | citation | srcabbr | srcid | rn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 515100 | 97 | 2012 | hu | rear (offspring) / raise (to maturity) / nourish | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Matisoff 03 HPTB | JAM-HPTB | 593 | 0 | |
| 151167 | 97 | 365 | hoː | birth, give | v | Bokar | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 Tani | JS-Tani | 0 | |
| 425081 | 97 | 1820 | ɦoː | birth, give to | v. | Bokar | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1620.24 | 0 |
| 429710 | 97 | 1820 | ɦoː | birth, give to (piglets) | v. | Bokar | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1717.24 | 0 |
| 150031 | 97 | 191 | u | raise (child) | Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri] | 74 | 1.1.1.2 | Eastern Tani | 1 | Matisoff 93 PC | JAM-II | 1 | ||
| 10680 | p,1864,97,m,s | 1040 | ə◦ŋaŋ u◦nə◦bə | birth, give | v. | Meithei | 13 | 1.4 | Meithei | 1 | Singh 91 MeiQ | CYS-Meithei | 10.4.15 | 0 |
| 43097 | 97 | 1317 | χu | birth, give | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 81 Qia | JZ-Qiang | 0 | ||
| 219462 | 97 | 1320 | χu | birth, give | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 774.8 | 0 | |
| 13884 | 1012,m,1012,97 | 584 | za²¹ ni²⁴ za²¹ fv̩³³ | birth, give | Gazhuo | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Dai 89 Gazh | DQ-Gazhuo | 10.4.15 | 0 | |
| 296511 | 97 | 904 | xo³³ | birth, give | Lipho | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 86 Yi | CK-YiQ | 10.4.15 | 0 | |
| 311370 | 97 | 973 | ʔhṿ¹¹ | raise, bring up (child) | Luquan | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Ma 48 Lolo | MXL-Lolo | 0 | ||
| 43877 | 97 | 1665 | hu⁵⁵ | birth, give | Yi (Nanjian) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Chen 85 YiJZ | JZ-Yi | 0 | ||
| 441381 | 97 | 1915 | hu⁵⁵ | birth, give | Yi (Xide) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 93 PC | JAM-II | 0 | ||
| 441380 | 58,97,450 | 831 | cê hu ve | raise animals | ov | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 88 DL | JAM-DL | 1072 | 0 |
| 150032 | 97 | 831 | hu | support; nourish; rear | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 88 DL | JAM-DL | 1071 | 0 | |
| 150506 | 1012,97,450 | 831 | yâ hu ve | be pregnant, raise a child | be | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 88 DL | JAM-DL | 1259 | 0 |
| 10872 | 97 | 923 | h'ū⁴ | born, be | be v. | Lisu | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 79 PLo | DB-PLolo | 597 | 0 |
| 41914 | 97 | 947 | he³³ | birth, give (human) | Lisu (Nujiang) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Xu 86 Lisu | JZ-Lisu | 0 | ||
| 425097 | 97 | 1838 | hẽ³³ | birth, give to | v. | Lisu | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1620.40 | 0 |
| 219446 | 97 | 942 | he³³ | birth, give | Lisu | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 774.27 | 0 | |
| 429735 | 97 | 1838 | he̱³¹ | birth, give to (piglets) | v. | Lisu | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 1717.40 | 0 |
| 41915 | 97 | 947 | he̱⁴² | birth, give (animal) | Lisu (Nujiang) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Xu 86 Lisu | JZ-Lisu | 0 | ||
| 275786 | 97,m | 946 | hĩ³³gu³³ | birth place | Lisu (Northern) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 94 Lisu | DB-Lisu | 2 | ||
| 282542 | 97,m | 944 | hỹ³³gu⁴⁴ | birth place | Lisu (Central) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 94 Lisu | DB-Lisu | 0 | ||
| 275688 | 97 | 946 | hø̃³³ | birth, give ; support; feed and educate; raise | V | Lisu (Northern) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 94 Lisu | DB-Lisu | 0 | |
| 275690 | 97,m | 946 | hø̃³³gu³³ | birth place | Lisu (Northern) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 94 Lisu | DB-Lisu | 0 | ||
| 275691 | 97,m | 946 | hø̃ʔ²¹la³³ | birth, give | Lisu (Northern) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 94 Lisu | DB-Lisu | 0 | ||
| 284783 | 97 | 943 | hʼū⁴ | birth, give | v.t. | Lisu (Central) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Fraser 22 | JF-HLL | 0 | |
| 284871 | 97,m,m | 943 | hʼū⁴ ta¹ law³ | born, be | Lisu (Central) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Fraser 22 | JF-HLL | 0 | ||
| 604511 | 97 | 2211 | 1044a | good | Chinese (GSR #) | 52 | 9 | Sinitic | 1 | BaxterSagart 2011 | WHBLS-2011 | 1021 | 0 | |
| 604513 | 97 | 2211 | 1044a | love, like | v. | Chinese (GSR #) | 52 | 9 | Sinitic | 1 | BaxterSagart 2011 | WHBLS-2011 | 1023 | 0 |
| 600437 | 97 | 2210 | qʰˤuʔ | good | Chinese (Old) | 53 | 9.0.1 | Old Chinese | 0 | BaxterSagart 2011 | WHBLS-2011 | 1021 | 0 | |
| 600439 | 97 | 2210 | qʰˤuʔ-s | love, like | v. | Chinese (Old) | 53 | 9.0.1 | Old Chinese | 0 | BaxterSagart 2011 | WHBLS-2011 | 1023 | 0 |
| 295074 | 97 | 471 | xu(ʔ)s | love | v | Chinese (Old) | 53 | 9.0.1 | Old Chinese | 0 | Baxter 92 | WHB-OC | 737b | 0 |
| 295897 | 97 | 471 | xuʔ | good | Chinese (Old) | 53 | 9.0.1 | Old Chinese | 0 | Baxter 92 | WHB-OC | 1566 | 0 | |
| 596365 | 97 | 2209 | xawH | love, like | v. | Chinese (Middle) | 54 | 9.0.2 | Middle Chinese | 0 | BaxterSagart 2011 | WHBLS-2011 | 1023 | 0 |
| 596363 | 97 | 2209 | xawX | good | Chinese (Middle) | 54 | 9.0.2 | Middle Chinese | 0 | BaxterSagart 2011 | WHBLS-2011 | 1021 | 0 | |
| 592289 | 97 | 2208 | hǎo | good | Chinese (Mandarin) | 55 | 9.0.3 | Modern Chinese | 0 | BaxterSagart 2011 | WHBLS-2011 | 1021 | 0 | |
| 592291 | 97 | 2208 | hào | love, like | v. | Chinese (Mandarin) | 55 | 9.0.3 | Modern Chinese | 0 | BaxterSagart 2011 | WHBLS-2011 | 1023 | 0 |
好 OC *χôg, GSR #1044a ‘good’ ⪤ ‘love, like’3; Li 1971: *həgwx/*həgwh; Baxter 1992: *xuʔ/ *xu(ʔ)s (737); Mand. hǎo ‘good’ ⪤ hào ‘love, like’.
The word for ‘love, like’ is a putative form derived from ‘good’ through *‑s suffixation. This presents some semantic difficulty for the OC-PTB comparison, since the basic meaning of the PTB root is closer to that of the derived Chinese transitive verb.
Corroborated as it is by other etyma (e.g. #1168 PTB *pʷu EGG / BIRD / ROUND OBJECT, #1733 PTB *r/m‑bu ⪤ *pru NEST / WOMB / PLACENTA), the correspondence TB *‑u with OC *‑əgw (Li)/*‑u (Baxter) is well attested. The initial correspondence is difficult to evaluate because there are so few proposed cognates involving words with OC *h‑ (Li)/*x‑ (Baxter) or PTB *h‑. Of these several (such as Gong 1995 #142 comparing OC 鼾 *xan ‘snore’ (Mand. hān) to PTB *hal ‘snore’) are clearly onomatopoetic. In other cases Gong has derived OC *x‑ from earlier *skh‑, facilitating comparison with Written Tibetan forms having initial velars (see Gong 2000). Nevertheless, there is no specific reason to doubt the validity of the initial correspondence.
[ZJH]
畜 OC *χi̯ôk, GSR #1018a ‘raise (animals); bring up; cultivate’; Schuessler 2007:194 *huks; B & S 2011: *qʰuk‑s; Mand. xù.
畜 OC *t̂’i̯ôk, GSR #1018a ‘livestock; (domesticated animal’; Schuessler 2007:194 *rhuk; B & S 2011: *qʰ‹r›uk; Mand. chù.