2.0 Animals and Animal Verbs > 2.1 Animals of the Chinese Zodiac > 2.1.11 Canine

#6053 PTB *s-k-ywal WILD DOG / JACKAL / DHOLE / WOLF

Reconstructed mesoroots below:

PNN *C-khyual WOLF
PLB *wan¹ JACKAL / WOLF / DHOLE / WILD DOG

This PTB root was borrowed into Indo-Aryan at an early date; cf. Sanskrit śr̥gāla‑. Later on, such an Indic form was borrowed into many TB languages, especially in Nepal. This is an excellent example of a “backloan”: TB > IA > TB. See “Toward a Eurasian Bestiary”, part II: JACKAL in Sino-Tibetan and Indo-European (Matisoff 2010).

rn	analysis	lgid	form	gloss	gfn	language	grpid	group	grp	genetic	source	srcabbr	srcid
0.1 Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)
30338	6053	177	kywal	dhole / wolf / wild dog		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	017
515299	6053	2012	kywal	jackal / wolf / dhole / wild dog		*Tibeto-Burman	2	0.1	Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)	0	Matisoff 03 HPTB	JAM-HPTB	598
1 NE Indian Areal Group
1.1 “North Assam”
1.1.2 Deng
186740	6053	592	kɑl³³	fox		Kaman [Miju]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	132.48
361886	6053	1819	kɑl⁵⁵	wolf	n	Kaman [Miju]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0324.23
361937	6053	1819	kɑl⁵⁵	fox	n	Kaman [Miju]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0325.23
186638	6053	592	kɑl⁵⁵	wolf		Kaman [Miju]	6	1.1.2	Deng	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	130.48
1.2 Kuki-Chin
1.2.2 Central Chin
256669	6053	976	sihal	jackal		Lushai [Mizo]	70	1.2.2	Central Chin	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL
1.5 Mikir [Karbi]
256672	1764, 6053	1062	hi jai	jackal		Mikir [Karbi]	14	1.5	Mikir [Karbi]	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL
1.7 Sal
1.7.1 Bodo-Garo
1.7.1.2 Garo
467732	6053	1945	si•-ol	jackal	n	Garo (Bangladesh)	81	1.7.1.2	Garo	1	Burling 03 Garo	RB-LMMG	4.419-II:idx
1.7.2 Northern Naga/Konyakian		PNN *C-khyual WOLF
29108	6053	160	C-khyual	wolf		*Northern Naga	12	1.7.2	Northern Naga/Konyakian	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	017
79338	6053	161	C̥-kʰyual	wolf		*Northern Naga	12	1.7.2	Northern Naga/Konyakian	1	French 83	WTF-PNN	580
1.7.2.2 Konyak-Chang
257525	6053	429	sho	wolf		Chang	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL
29112	6053	431	šo	wolf		Chang	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	017
29113	6053	431	šuo	wild dog		Chang	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	017
514647	6053	435	šo	wolf		Chang	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	French 83	WTF-PNN	580
514648	6053	435	šuo	wild dog		Chang	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	French 83	WTF-PNN	580
257526	6053	807	sho	wolf		Konyak	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL
29110	6053	808	šo	wolf		Konyak	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	017
514645	6053	809	šo	wolf		Konyak	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	French 83	WTF-PNN	580
257533	6053	1281	sho	wolf		Phom	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL
29111	6053	1282	so	wolf		Phom	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	017
514646	6053	1283	šo	wolf		Phom	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	French 83	WTF-PNN	580
488057	6053	1978	ʃɔ⁵⁵	wolf		Phom	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	Burling 98 Phom	BP-PPWL
29109	6053	1630	šan	wolf		Wancho	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	017
257538	6053	1628	shan	wolf		Wancho	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	Marrison 67 Naga	GEM-CNL
514644	6053	1632	šan	wolf		Wancho	85	1.7.2.2	Konyak-Chang	1	French 83	WTF-PNN	580
1.7.3 Jingpho-Asakian
1.7.3.1 Jingpho
29114	6053	672	čəkhyōn	fox, wolf, wild dog		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	017
334066	6053	679	tʃă³khjon³³	wolf		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Liu 84	JZ-Jingpo
186612	6053	690	tʃă³³khjon³³	wolf		Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	130.47
361830	6053	1814	tʃa̱³³khjon³³	jackal	n	Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0323.19
361882	6053	1814	tʃa̱³³khjon³³	wolf	n	Jingpho	37	1.7.3.1	Jingpho	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0324.19
2 Himalayish
2.1 Tibeto-Kanauri
2.1.2 Bodic
270367	6053	721	syelā	jackal	n	Kaike	22	2.1.2	Bodic	1	Hale 73 CSD	AH-CSDPN	03a.060
2.1.4 Tamangish
64805	6053	604	(N)selaːq	jackal		Gurung (Ghachok)	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Glover 72 GuVo	SIL-Gur	3.A.60
270362	6053	596	selā:q	jackal	n	Gurung	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Hale 73 CSD	AH-CSDPN	03a.060
270364	6053	1520	'syala	jackal	n	Thakali	23	2.1.4	Tamangish	1	Hale 73 CSD	AH-CSDPN	03a.060
2.2 Newar
323821	6053	1789	syāl	jackal		Newar	27	2.2	Newar	1	Genetti 90 NeQ2	CG-NewariQ2
2.3 Kiranti
2.3.4 Western Kiranti
270370	6053	1433	siwā:r	jackal	n	Sunwar	30	2.3.4	Western Kiranti	1	Hale 73 CSD	AH-CSDPN	03a.060
2.4 Kham-Magar-Chepang
486984	6053	1977	syal	jackal (<N)	n.	Chepang	28	2.4	Kham-Magar-Chepang	1	Caughley 00 Chepang	RC-DOC
529275	6053	759	'syāl	jackal	n	Kham	28	2.4	Kham-Magar-Chepang	1	Hale 73 CSD	AH-CSDPN	Hale 73 CSD
270365	m, 6053	990	rā̩ silā	jackal	n	Magar	28	2.4	Kham-Magar-Chepang	1	Hale 73 CSD	AH-CSDPN	03a.060
6 Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
6.1 Lolo-Burmese		PLB *wan¹ JACKAL / WOLF / DHOLE / WILD DOG
515300	6053	2011	wan¹	jackal / wolf / dhole / wild dog		*Lolo-Burmese	42	6.1	Lolo-Burmese	1	Matisoff 03 HPTB	JAM-HPTB	598
516086	6053	2011	wan¹	jackal / wolf / dhole / wild dog		*Lolo-Burmese	42	6.1	Lolo-Burmese	1	Matisoff 03 HPTB	JAM-HPTB	618
6.1.2 Loloish
11476	6053	152	k-wan¹	dhole		*Loloish	45	6.1.2	Loloish	1	Bradley 79 PLo	DB-PLolo	19
6.1.2.1 Northern Loloish
334967	m, 6053	1219	de³⁵ vɛ³¹	wolf		Nusu (Northern)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun J 86 Nusu	JZ-Nusu
514643	6053	1658	vi²¹	dhole, jackal		Yi (Dafang)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	130.22
186627	6053	1663	ve²¹	wolf		Yi (Mojiang)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	130.26
361900	6053	1834	ve³³	wolf	n	Yi (Nanhua)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0324.37
361899	6053, m	1833	vi⁵⁵ pa²¹	wolf	n	Yi (Weishan)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0324.36
361849	6053	1835	ve¹¹	jackal	n	Yi (Wuding)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0323.38
361846	6053, m	1832	vi³³ n̥i³³	jackal	n	Yi (Xide)	46	6.1.2.1	Northern Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0323.35
6.1.2.2 Central Loloish
186631	6053	696	ø³¹	wolf		Jinuo	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	130.34
29105	6053	695	ø⁴	dhole / wolf / wild dog		Jinuo	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	017
300805	6053	700	ø⁴²	wolf		Jinuo (Youle)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Gai 86	JZ-Jinuo
361855	6053	1842	ø⁴²	jackal	n	Jinuo	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0323.44
361907	6053	1842	ø⁴²	wolf	n	Jinuo	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0324.44
361906	6053	1841	ve³¹	wolf	n	Lahu (Lancang)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0324.43
29104	6053	833	vè	dhole (Cuon javanicus)		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	017
186605	6053	851	ve³¹	wolf		Lahu (Black)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	130.33
186602	6053, m	942	ve³³ tho³⁵	wolf		Lisu	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Sun H 91 ZMYY	ZMYYC	130.27
281279	6053	946	ve⁴⁴	wolf	N	Lisu (Northern)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Bradley 94 Lisu	DB-Lisu
281280	6053, m	946	ve⁴⁴ thɔ³⁵	jackal and wolf		Lisu (Northern)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Bradley 94 Lisu	DB-Lisu
361902	6053	1836	vɪ³³	wolf	n	Yi (Sani)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0324.39
361850	6053, m, m	1836	vɪ³³ ʂʐ̩⁴⁴ zɒ¹¹	jackal	n	Yi (Sani)	47	6.1.2.2	Central Loloish	1	Huang and Dai 92 TBL	TBL	0323.39
6.1.2.3 Southern Loloish
29107	p, 6053	230	k'a³¹ yeh⁵⁵	dhole / wolf / wild dog		Akha	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	017
29106	p, 6053	230	xhà-jɛ́	wolf		Akha	48	6.1.2.3	Southern Loloish	1	Matisoff 85 GSTC	JAM-GSTC	017