1.0 The Body > 1.9 Reproductive System > 1.9.7 Penis
#547 PTB *maːk SON-IN-LAW / GENITALS / PENIS / MALE / VAGINA |
This etymon seems basically to belong in masculine semantic space, since most TB reflexes mean PENIS. The likely Chinese comparandum 牡, Mand. mǔ, means MALE (of certain birds and animals; see below), and this sense also occurs in TB (see Taraon mau‑a, below), implying that MALE is the more original meaning.
Benedict 19791 suggests a connection with PTB *maːk (better *s‑maːk) ‘son-in-law’ [STC #324; HPTB p. 325]: cf. WT mag‑pa, Lepcha myok, Dhimal hma‑wa, Miri mak‑bo ~ mag‑bo, Jingpho dà‑máʔ, WB səmak, Lahu ɔ̀‑má‑pā, Lushai [Mizo] maːk‑pa. The long vowel is supported by the Mizo form, and the *s‑ prefix is evidenced indirectly by Lepcha (where ‑y‑ < *s‑), and directly by Dhimal and WB. This *s‑ prefix is in turn undoubtedly a reduction of PTB *za SON / CHILD.
Nevertheless, this root has undergone an enantiodromic shift or “genital flipflop” to mean VAGINA in both Karbi and (probably) Newar (neither of these forms was cited in Benedict 1979), so that it was evidently reinterpreted in some areas as ‘genitals (of either sex)’. This makes one wonder whether the root #1353 NEIA *mo VAGINA, reconstructed on the basis of forms from Naga languages, might also be somehow related to the present etymon.
rn | analysis | lgid | reflex | gloss | gfn | language | grpid | grpno | grp | genetic | citation | srcabbr | srcid | rn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
8193 | 547 | 175 | maːk | son in law | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 696 | 0 | |
72273 | 547 | 182 | maːk | son-in-law | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 324 | 0 | |
515416 | 547 | 2012 | s-|maːk | son-in-law | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Matisoff 03 HPTB | JAM-HPTB | 601 | 0 | |
283393 | 547 | 173 | mak-|bo | son-in-law | *Tani | 5 | 1.1.1 | Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 HCST | JS-HCST | 384 | 0 | |
159081 | 547 | 285 | mà-|bo | son-in-law | Apatani | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 Tani | JS-Tani | 0 | ||
174333 | 547 | 287 | maʔ-|bo | son-in-law | Apatani | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 HCST | JS-HCST | 0 | ||
159085 | 547 | 286 | maʔ-|bo | son-in-law | Apatani | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 Tani | JS-Tani | 0 | ||
151775 | 547 | 286 | maʔ-|bo | brother-in-law | Apatani | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 Tani | JS-Tani | 0 | ||
174334 | 547 | 333 | mak-|buː | son-in-law | Bengni | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 HCST | JS-HCST | 0 | ||
159082 | 547 | 334 | mak-|buː | son-in-law | Bengni | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 Tani | JS-Tani | 0 | ||
159083 | 547 | 365 | maː-|bo | son-in-law | Bokar | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 Tani | JS-Tani | 0 | ||
356532 | 547 | 1820 | maːbo | son-in-law | n | Bokar | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.24 | 0 |
197426 | 547 | 368 | maː |bo | son-in-law | Bokar Lhoba | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.51 | 0 | |
494568 | 547 | 1979 | magbo | son-in-law | n:kin. | Galo | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09 | GLDC-GED | 0 | |
490511 | 547 | 1979 | magbo | daughter's husband | n:kin. | Galo | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09 | GLDC-GED | 0 | |
494570 | 547,m | 1979 | magbo-ayaa | son-in-law (younger) | n:kin. | Galo | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09 | GLDC-GED | 0 | |
489677 | 547,m | 1979 | magbo-ayaa | brother-in-law (younger) | n:kin. | Galo | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09 | GLDC-GED | 0 | |
494569 | 547,m | 1979 | magbo-kai | son-in-law (elder) | n:kin. | Galo | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09 | GLDC-GED | 0 | |
489676 | 547,m | 1979 | magbo-kai | brother-in-law (elder) | n:kin. | Galo | 73 | 1.1.1.1 | Western Tani | 1 | Rɨbaa,Post,et al. 09 | GLDC-GED | 0 | |
441412 | 547,m | 188 | maːg-reːk | man's girdle or belt | Padam [Abor] | 74 | 1.1.1.2 | Eastern Tani | 1 | Lorrain 07 Abor | JHL-AM | 0 | ||
174336 | 547 | 1253 | mak-|bo | son-in-law | Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri] | 74 | 1.1.1.2 | Eastern Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 HCST | JS-HCST | 0 | ||
118478 | 547,m | 189 | mâng-mî | semen | Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri] | 74 | 1.1.1.2 | Eastern Tani | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 2 | ||
159084 | 547 | 498 | maʔ-|bo | son-in-law | Damu | 74 | 1.1.1.2 | Eastern Tani | 1 | Sun J 93 Tani | JS-Tani | 0 | ||
71048 | 547,547 | 1076 | mak-|bo ⪤ mag-|bo | son-in-law | Mishing [Miri] | 74 | 1.1.1.2 | Eastern Tani | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 324 | 0 | |
441413 | 547,547 | 1074 | maːk-|bo ~ maːg-|bo | cousin; son-in-law; brother-in-law | Mishing [Miri] | 74 | 1.1.1.2 | Eastern Tani | 1 | Lorrain 07 Abor | JHL-AM | 3 | ||
341216 | 547 | 1800 | mau-a: | male (human) | Darang [Taraon] | 6 | 1.1.2 | Deng | 1 | Anonymous xx Tar | NEFA-Taraon | 0 | ||
500823 | 547 | 1920 | maak | SON-IN-LAW | *Chin | 8 | 1.2 | Kuki-Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 792 | 0 | |
445454 | 547 | 1925 | maːk¹ (pa¹) | daughter's husband | Tiddim | 68 | 1.2.1.1 | Northern Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 792 | 0 | |
327886 | 547 | 1794 | ˊmaːk | son-in-law; brother-in-law | n | Tiddim | 68 | 1.2.1.1 | Northern Chin | 1 | Henderson 65 TidC | EJAH-TC | 0 | |
5964 | 1012,547 | 291 | sə-máʔ | son in law | Asho | 69 | 1.2.1.2 | Southern Plains Chin | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 696 | 0 | |
314532 | 547,s | 1779 | mak-pa | son-in-law | Lushai [Mizo] | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | Bhaskararao 96 CDB | PB-CLDB | 1065 | 0 | |
71052 | 547,s | 984 | maːk-pa | son-in-law | Lushai [Mizo] | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 324 | 0 | |
445453 | 547 | 1924 | má̂ak pà | son-in-law | Lushai [Mizo] | 70 | 1.2.2 | Central Chin | 1 | VanBik 09 PKC | KVB-PKC | 792 | 0 | |
619394 | p,547 | 2229 | a-mjak | IN-LAW | *Central Naga | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Bruhn 14 PCN | DWB-PCN | III.235 | 0 | |
619007 | p,547 | 2228 | (a-)hnak | SON-IN-LAW / BROTHER-IN-LAW | *Ao | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Bruhn 14 PCN | DWB-PCN | II.234 | 0 | |
619572 | p,547 | 2226 | a³-nək¹ | brother-in-law / son-in-law | n. | Ao (Chungli) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Bruhn 14 PCN | DWB-PCN | II.234 | 0 |
617980 | p,547,m | 275 | ³a¹nɯk²la | son-in-law | Ao (Chungli) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 1045 | 0 | |
2919 | p,547 | 275 | ³ta³miʔ | penis | Ao (Chungli) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 142 | 0 | |
451274 | p,m,547 | 1963 | [t(ə)]-əm◦hnak | son-in-law | n. | Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong) | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Coupe 07 Ao | ARC-GMA | 0 | |
620332 | p,547,s | 2231 | o¹-mjak²-o² | in-law relative (male) | n. | Lotha Naga | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Bruhn 14 PCN | DWB-PCN | III.235 | 0 |
620331 | p,547,s | 2231 | o¹-mjak²-uʔ³ | in-law relative (female) | n. | Lotha Naga | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Bruhn 14 PCN | DWB-PCN | III.235 | 0 |
618055 | 2727,547 | 1671 | ²dzɯʔ◦⁽²⁾meak [¹] | son-in-law | Yimchungrü | 63 | 1.3.1 | Central Naga (Ao Group) | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 633 | 0 | |
528857 | 547 | 2031 | maak | brother-in-law | *Tangkhulic | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Mortensen 12 Tk | DRM-Tk | 414 | 0 | |
525512 | m,547 | 2023 | ʔu-maʔ | brother-in-law | Huishu | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Mortensen 12 Tk | DRM-Tk | People.036 | 0 | |
525046 | m,547 | 2022 | ʔa-mok-u | brother-in-law of male (younger) | Kachai | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Mortensen 12 Tk | DRM-Tk | People | 0 | |
620945 | m,547 | 2024 | kʰə-mɯə | brother-in-law | Tusom | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Mortensen 12 Tk | DRM-Tk | People.039 | 0 | |
526878 | m,547 | 2025 | ʔi-mak | brother-in-law | Ukhrul | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Mortensen 12 Tk | DRM-Tk | 0 | ||
441414 | 547 | 1061 | mak | os Veneris (female pubic bone) | Mikir [Karbi] | 14 | 1.5 | Mikir [Karbi] | 1 | Walker 25 Mik | GDW-DML | 98 | 0 | |
47222 | 547 | 1063 | mák | vagina | Mikir [Karbi] | 14 | 1.5 | Mikir [Karbi] | 1 | Grüssner 79 BP | KHG-MikirQ | 160 | 0 | |
47224 | 547 | 1063 | mák | vulva / labia | Mikir [Karbi] | 14 | 1.5 | Mikir [Karbi] | 1 | Grüssner 79 BP | KHG-MikirQ | 160 | 0 | |
119937 | 547,163 | 1064 | mak-phu | mons Veneris | Mikir [Karbi] | 14 | 1.5 | Mikir [Karbi] | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
31428 | m,547 | 676 | dà-máʔ | son (in law) | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Matisoff 74 TJLB | JAM-TJLB | 365 | 0 | |
71049 | p,547 | 685 | da-maʔ | son-in-law | Jingpho | 37 | 1.7.3.1 | Jingpho | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 324 | 0 | |
338035 | 547,s | 1788 | mak◦pa | son-in-law living in father-in-law's house | n | Kanauri | 20 | 2.1.1 | Western Himalayish | 0 | Bailey 11 | BAI1911 | 0 | |
296831 | 547,s | 1085 | mak⁵⁵pa⁵⁵ | son-in-law | Tsangla (Motuo) | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Zhang Jichuan 86 | JZ-CLMenba | 0 | ||
197405 | 547,s | 1088 | mak◦pa (Ch.) | son-in-law | Tsangla (Motuo) | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.7 | 0 | |
297587 | 547,s | 1089 | mak-pa | son-in-law | Tsangla (Tilang) | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Zhang Jichuan 86 | JZ-CLMenba | 0 | ||
298192 | 547,s | 1093 | mɑk³⁵po⁵⁵ | son-in-law | Tshona (Wenlang) | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Lu 86 CuoM | JZ-CNMenba | 0 | ||
197429 | 547,s | 1092 | mᴀk¹³pu⁵³ | son-in-law | Tshona (Mama) | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.6 | 0 | |
356515 | 547,s | 1851 | mak pa | son-in-law (comes calling) | n | Motuo Menba | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.07 | 0 |
356514 | 547,s | 1850 | mak³⁵pa⁵³ | son-in-law | n | Cuona Menba | 22 | 2.1.2 | Bodic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.06 | 0 |
356513 | 547,m | 1848 | ɣmok kwa | son-in-law | n | Tibetan (Alike) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.05 | 0 |
197428 | 547,m | 1550 | mak kwa | son-in-law | Tibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.4 | 0 | |
197404 | 547,m | 1585 | ɣmak kwa | son-in-law | Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.5 | 0 | |
291824 | 547,m | 1586 | mʌq◦pa· | son-in-law | Tibetan (Balti) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Rangan 75 | RAN1975 | 75 | 0 | |
197403 | 547,s | 1380 | ma⁵³pa⁵³ | son-in-law | Tibetan (Khams:Dege) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.3 | 0 | |
356510 | 547,s | 1815 | mak⁵⁵pa⁵⁵ | son-in-law | n | Tibetan (Lhasa) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.02 | 0 |
356509 | 547,s | 1804 | mag pa | son-in-law | n | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.01 | 0 |
197402 | 547,s | 1582 | mag pa | son-in-law | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.1 | 0 | |
71045 | 547,s | 1578 | mag-pa | son-in-law | Tibetan (Written) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 324 | 0 | |
356512 | 547,m | 1837 | hmoχ kwa | son-in-law | n | Tibetan (Xiahe) | 24 | 2.1.2.1 | Tibetan | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.04 | 0 |
505240 | 547 | 1988 | myók | son in law | n. | Lepcha | 21 | 2.1.3 | Lepcha | 1 | Plaisier 07 Lepcha | HP-GL | 0 | |
71046 | 547 | 900 | myok | son-in-law | Lepcha | 21 | 2.1.3 | Lepcha | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 324 | 0 | |
178545 | 547 | 172 | ᴬmaː | son in law | *TGTM | 23 | 2.1.4 | Tamangish | 1 | Mazaudon 94 These | MM-Thesis | 747 | 0 | |
127793 | 547,1284 | 436 | mɦo◦le | penis | Chantyal | 23 | 2.1.4 | Tamangish | 1 | Noonan 92 | NPB-ChanQ | 10.3.1 | 0 | |
5957 | 547 | 1468 | maːʱ | son in law | Tamang (Bagmati) | 23 | 2.1.4 | Tamangish | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 696 | 0 | |
178540 | 547 | 1456 | ³maː | son-in-law / sister's husband | Tamang (Risiangku) | 23 | 2.1.4 | Tamangish | 1 | Mazaudon 94 These | MM-Thesis | 747 | 0 | |
178541 | 547 | 1467 | ³maː | son in law | Tamang (Taglung) | 23 | 2.1.4 | Tamangish | 1 | Mazaudon 94 These | MM-Thesis | 747 | 0 | |
178544 | 547 | 1526 | ¹¹maː | son-in-law (of man or woman) | Thakali (Syang) | 23 | 2.1.4 | Tamangish | 1 | Mazaudon 94 These | MM-Thesis | 747 | 0 | |
178543 | 547 | 1526 | ᴸma | son-in-law (of man or woman) | Thakali (Syang) | 23 | 2.1.4 | Tamangish | 1 | Mazaudon 94 These | MM-Thesis | 747 | 0 | |
71047 | 547,s | 521 | hma-wa | son-in-law | Dhimal | 60 | 2.1.5 | Dhimal | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 324 | 0 | |
9066 | 547,1019 | 1177 | maa◦si | vagina / breast / milk | Newar (Kathmandu) | 27 | 2.2 | Newar | 1 | Genetti 90 Kath | CG-Kath | 0 | ||
62373 | 547,1019 | 1174 | mā◦si | vagina | Newar | 27 | 2.2 | Newar | 1 | Shakya 89 | SH-KNw | 10.4.1 | 0 | |
62374 | 547,1019 | 1174 | mā◦si | vulva / labia | Newar | 27 | 2.2 | Newar | 1 | Shakya 89 | SH-KNw | 10.4.2 | 0 | |
5958 | 547,m | 548 | mak-cha | son in law | Dungmali | 29 | 2.3 | Kiranti | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 696 | 0 | |
5960 | 547,m | 952 | mak-sa | son in law | Lohorong | 31 | 2.3.1 | Eastern Kiranti | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 696 | 0 | |
499718 | 547,m | 1873 | mak◦sa | son-in-law; husband of a younger sister | n | Yamphu | 31 | 2.3.1 | Eastern Kiranti | 1 | Rutgers 98 | RR-Yamphu | 554.21 | 0 |
5961 | 547,m | 1649 | mak-sa | son in law | Yamphe | 31 | 2.3.1 | Eastern Kiranti | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 696 | 0 | |
5959 | 547,m | 321 | mak-cha | son in law | Bantawa | 76 | 2.3.2 | Southern Kiranti | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 696 | 0 | |
344688 | 547,m | 1801 | mak◦cha | son-in-law | Bantawa | 76 | 2.3.2 | Southern Kiranti | 1 | Rai 85 BnDs | NKR-Bant | 0 | ||
61635 | 547,m | 822 | mok◦si | son-in-law | Kulung | 76 | 2.3.2 | Southern Kiranti | 1 | Rai 75 Kul | RPHH-Kul | 0 | ||
5963 | 547 | 820 | mos | son in law | Kulung | 76 | 2.3.2 | Southern Kiranti | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 696 | 0 | |
5962 | 547,m | 1358 | mak-ca | son in law | Sampang | 77 | 2.3.3 | Central Kiranti | 1 | Weidert 87 TBTo | AW-TBT | 696 | 0 | |
472132 | 547 | 1970 | mạ | son-in-law, husband | Tangut [Xixia] | 33 | 3.1 | Tangut | 1 | Li 97 Tangut | LFW1997 | 4820 | 0 | |
197435 | 547,m | 561 | mo³³pa⁵⁵ | son-in-law | Ersu | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.18 | 0 | |
356526 | 547,m | 1813 | mo⁵³pæ⁵³ | son-in-law | n | Lyuzu | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.18 | 0 |
356517 | 547,m | 1853 | m̥i¹³bu⁵⁵ | son-in-law | n | Pumi (Lanping) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.09 | 0 |
197407 | 547,m | 1306 | m̥i¹³bu⁵⁵ | son-in-law | Pumi (Qinghua) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.11 | 0 | |
33762 | 2727,547 | 1315 | tsɯ-me | son-in-law | Qiang (ChiuTzuYing) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 153 | 0 | |
33763 | 2727,547 | 1315 | tsɯ-mja | son-in-law | Qiang (ChiuTzuYing) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 153 | 0 | |
506885 | 2727,547 | 1996 | tɕì mià | son-in-law | Qiang (Longxi) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Evans 99 Qiang | JPE-SQiang | 280 | 0 | |
356516 | 2727,547 | 1852 | tʃɪ miɛ | son-in-law | n | Qiang (Mawo) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.08 | 0 |
506886 | 2727,547 | 1997 | tsɨ̀ mià | son-in-law | Qiang (Mianchi) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Evans 99 Qiang | JPE-SQiang | 280 | 0 | |
197406 | 2727,547 | 1323 | tʃɿ⁵⁵ma³¹ | son-in-law | Qiang (Taoping) | 34 | 3.2 | Qiangic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.9 | 0 | |
14141 | 547 | 606 | mo | penis | rGyalrong | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Dai 89 Jiar | DQ-Jiarong | 10.3.1 | 0 | |
197432 | m,547 | 1340 | tə nmak | son-in-law | rGyalrong | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.12 | 0 | |
356519 | m,547 | 1806 | tə nmɑk | son-in-law | n | rGyalrong (Maerkang) | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.11 | 0 |
331990 | m,547 | 1797 | tɐ́-nma | son-in-law | Caodeng | 78 | 3.3.1 | rGyalrong | 1 | Sun J 97 Cao | JS-Caodeng | 0 | ||
356529 | 547,m | 1817 | mɛ⁵⁵vu³¹ | son-in-law | n | Nung | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.21 | 0 |
197448 | 547,m | 269 | mɛ⁵⁵vu³¹ | son-in-law | Anong | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.44 | 0 | |
457003 | 547 | 1966 | ma2 | son-in-law | n. | Tujia (Northern) | 41 | 5 | Tujia | 1 | Brassett 04 Tujia | PCB-Tujia | 0 | |
453924 | 547 | 1967 | ma² | son-in-law | Tujia (Northern) | 41 | 5 | Tujia | 1 | Brassett 06 Tujia | BBL-TL | 2.4 | 0 | |
356557 | 547 | 1847 | ma³⁵ | son-in-law | n | Tujia | 41 | 5 | Tujia | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.49 | 0 |
197445 | 547 | 1615 | ma³⁵ | son-in-law | Tujia | 41 | 5 | Tujia | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.38 | 0 | |
167920 | 547 | 146 | s-|mak > ʔmak | son-in-law | *Lolo-Burmese | 42 | 6.1 | Lolo-Burmese | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 153 | 0 | |
515415 | 547 | 2011 | ʔ-|makᴸ | son-in-law | *Lolo-Burmese | 42 | 6.1 | Lolo-Burmese | 1 | Matisoff 03 HPTB | JAM-HPTB | 601 | 0 | |
287887 | 2727,547 | 201 | tsɑ³¹mɑ³¹ | son-in-law | Achang (Lianghe) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Dai 85 AcJZ | JZ-Achang | 0 | ||
197421 | 2727,547 | 200 | tsɔ³¹moʔ³¹ | son-in-law | Achang (Longchuan) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.41 | 0 | |
356536 | 2727,547 | 1824 | tsɔ³¹mɔʔ³¹ | son-in-law | n | Achang (Longchuan) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.28 | 0 |
287063 | 2727,547 | 207 | tsaʔ³¹maʔ³¹ | son-in-law | Achang (Luxi) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Dai 85 AcJZ | JZ-Achang | 0 | ||
356537 | 2727,547 | 1825 | tsɔ³¹mɔʔ⁵⁵ | son-in-law | n | Achang (Xiandao) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.29 | 0 |
356540 | 2727,547 | 1829 | tă³¹maʔ⁵⁵ | son-in-law | n | Bola (Luxi) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.32 | 0 |
356535 | 2727,547 | 1823 | tθɑ⁵⁵mɛʔ⁴ | son-in-law | n | Burmese (Rangoon) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.27 | 0 |
197446 | 2727,547 | 1428 | tθɑ⁵⁵mɛʔ⁴⁴ | son-in-law | Burmese (Spoken Rangoon) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.40 | 0 | |
437274 | p,547 | 406 | sa-mak | son-in-law | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Benedict 76 WBur | PKB-WBRD | 0 | ||
71050 | p,547 | 409 | sa-mak | son-in-law | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 324 | 0 | |
197420 | p,547 | 411 | thɑ³◦mɑk | son-in-law | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.39 | 0 | |
356534 | p,547 | 1822 | tθɑ³mɑk⁴ | son-in-law | n | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.26 | 0 |
356539 | 2727,547 | 1828 | tsɔ̆³⁵mɔʔ³¹ | son-in-law | n | Langsu (Luxi) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.31 | 0 |
356541 | 2727,547 | 1830 | tsə̆³³mɔʔ⁵⁵ | son-in-law | n | Leqi (Luxi) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.33 | 0 |
197422 | 2727,547 | 1034 | tsɔ̆³⁵mɔʔ³¹ | son-in-law | Maru [Langsu] | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.43 | 0 | |
356538 | 2727,547 | 1827 | tso²¹moʔ⁵⁵ | son-in-law | n | Atsi [Zaiwa] | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.30 | 0 |
197447 | 2727,547 | 1693 | tsŏ²¹moʔ⁵⁵ | son-in-law | Atsi [Zaiwa] | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.42 | 0 | |
292486 | 547,m | 879 | ʔmìq-vú | son-in-law | Lalo | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Björverud 94 | SB-Lalo | 0 | ||
335121 | 1012,547 | 1219 | za⁵³mɑ̱⁵³ | son-in-law | Nusu (Northern) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Sun J 86 Nusu | JZ-Nusu | 0 | ||
356542 | 1012,547 | 1831 | za⁵⁵ma̱⁵³ | son-in-law | n | Nusu (Central) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.34 | 0 |
336021 | 1012,547 | 1220 | zɔ⁵³mɔ⁵³ | son-in-law | Nusu (Southern) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Sun J 86 Nusu | JZ-Nusu | 0 | ||
197423 | 1012,547 | 1215 | zɑ⁵⁵mɑ³¹ | son-in-law | Nusu (Bijiang) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.45 | 0 | |
356545 | 547,m | 1834 | me̱⁵⁵ɣɯ³³ | son-in-law | n | Yi (Nanhua) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.37 | 0 |
197412 | 547,m | 1666 | mi̱²¹ɣu⁵⁵ | son-in-law | Yi (Nanjian) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.23 | 0 | |
356544 | 547,m | 1833 | ʔmɪ̱²¹u⁵⁵ | son-in-law | n | Yi (Weishan) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.36 | 0 |
197411 | m,547,m,m | 1670 | a²¹m̩(ɿ)³³sa⁵⁵vu³³ | son-in-law | Yi (Xide) | 46 | 6.1.2.1 | Northern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.21 | 0 | |
71051 | p,547,s | 844 | ɔ-má-pā | son-in-law | Lahu | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 324 | 0 | |
356551 | 5450,547,s | 1841 | ɔ³¹mɑ³⁵pɑ¹¹ | son-in-law | n | Lahu (Lancang) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.43 | 0 |
33759 | 547 | 839 | má | son-in-law | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 153 | 0 | |
197417 | 5450,547,s | 851 | ɔ³¹mᴀ⁵³pᴀ¹¹ | son-in-law | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.33 | 0 | |
31429 | 5450,547 | 838 | ɔ̀-má | son (in law) | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 74 TJLB | JAM-TJLB | 365 | 0 | |
33760 | 5450,547 | 839 | ɔ̀-má | son-in-law | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 153 | 0 | |
33761 | 5450,547,s | 839 | ɔ̀-má-pā | son-in-law | Lahu (Black) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 72 LTSR | JAM-TSR | 153 | 0 | |
302232 | p,547,p,547,s | 856 | ɔ²ma⁴~ɔ²ma⁴pa⁵ | son-in-law | Lahu (Yellow) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Chang 86 | JZ-Lahu | 0 | ||
277619 | 547,m | 946 | mæ⁵⁵vy³³ | son-in-law | N | Lisu (Northern) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Bradley 94 Lisu | DB-Lisu | 0 | |
197414 | 547,m | 942 | mɛ⁵⁵vu³³ | son-in-law | Lisu | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.27 | 0 | |
356547 | m,547,m,m | 1836 | æ¹¹mæ¹¹sɒ⁵⁵ɣɯ⁴⁴ | son-in-law | n | Yi (Sani) | 47 | 6.1.2.2 | Central Loloish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.39 | 0 |
135127 | m,547 | 1299 | jà mà | son-in-law | Hani (Pijo) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Hansson 89 AHKP | ILH-PL | 100 | 0 | |
197441 | m,547 | 418 | ja³¹ma³¹ | son-in-law | Hani (Caiyuan) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.30 | 0 | |
135126 | m,547 | 784 | jà mà | son-in-law | Hani (Khatu) | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Hansson 89 AHKP | ILH-PL | 100 | 0 | |
516487 | 547,m | 1999 | mæ˧v˥ | son-in-law | Laze (Xiangjiao) | 43 | 6.2 | Naxi | 1 | Michaud 06 NaLaze | AM-NaLaze1 | 648 | 0 | |
356553 | 547,m | 1843 | mu⁵⁵ɣɯ³³ | son-in-law | n | Naxi | 43 | 6.2 | Naxi | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.45 | 0 |
197440 | 547,m | 908 | mu⁵⁵ɣɯ³³ | son-in-law | Naxi (Lijiang) | 43 | 6.2 | Naxi | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.28 | 0 | |
197415 | 1012,547 | 1676 | zo³³mɑ¹³ | son-in-law | Naxi (Yongning) | 43 | 6.2 | Naxi | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 342.29 | 0 | |
529770 | 547 | 2039 | maɁ¹ | son-in-law | *Karen [Burling] | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Luangthongkum 13 | TL-PK | 267 | 0 | |
529547 | 547 | 2038 | maɁᴰ | son-in-law | *Karen | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Luangthongkum 13 | TL-PK | 267 | 0 | |
57994 | 547 | 122 | màʔ | son-in-law | *Karen | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Jones 61 | RBJ-KLS | 182 | 0 | |
531142 | 547 | 2044 | ma¹¹ | son-in-law | Bwe | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Luangthongkum 13 | TL-PK | 267 | 0 | |
356558 | 547,m | 1849 | ma³³pho⁵⁵ | son-in-law | n | Karen | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0223.50 | 0 |
530884 | 547 | 2043 | me³³ | son-in-law | Kayah | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Luangthongkum 13 | TL-PK | 267 | 0 | |
530588 | 547 | 2042 | maɁ²¹ | son-in-law | Kayan | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Luangthongkum 13 | TL-PK | 267 | 0 | |
497447 | 547,m | 1981 | má̤◦kʰó | son-in-law [lit. son.in.law-male] | N | Kayan (Pekon) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Manson 10 Kayan | KM-Kayan | 0 | |
531443 | 547 | 2045 | mɔ³³ | son-in-law | Kayaw | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Luangthongkum 13 | TL-PK | 267 | 0 | |
530031 | 547 | 2040 | maɁ⁴⁵ | son-in-law | Pa-O (Northern) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Luangthongkum 13 | TL-PK | 267 | 0 | |
530294 | 547 | 2041 | maɁ⁴⁵ | son-in-law | Pa-O (Southern) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Luangthongkum 13 | TL-PK | 267 | 0 | |
310323 | 547 | 1235 | màʔ | son-in-law | Pa-O | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Solnit 89 PaO | DBS-PaO | 0 | ||
532631 | 547 | 2049 | maɁ⁴⁵ | son-in-law | Pwo (Southern) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Luangthongkum 13 | TL-PK | 267 | 0 | |
532054 | 547 | 2047 | ma¹¹¨ | son-in-law | Sgaw (Southern) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Luangthongkum 13 | TL-PK | 267 | 0 | |
531751 | 547 | 2046 | maɁ²¹ | son-in-law | Sgaw (Northern) | 50 | 7 | Karenic | 1 | Luangthongkum 13 | TL-PK | 267 | 0 |
A likely Chinese comparandum has been suggested by Benedict 1979, pp. 22-23 and n. 36: 牡 OC *môg/*mə̯u [irreg.], GSR #1063a ‘male (quadruped)’; Li 1971: *məgwx; Baxter 1992: *m(r)juʔ; Mand. mǔ [JAM].
The Middle Chinese reflex of this word has irregular vocalism: *mə̯u. This accounts for the discrepancy between Baxter’s reconstruction (with medial *‑j‑) and Li’s (without medial *‑j‑). The presence of *‑j‑ in Baxter’s form accounts regularly for vocalic development, but the medial itself must then be assumed to drop irregularly in Middle Chinese.
The proposed connection to PTB *maːk presents some difficulties. The Chinese vocalism would normally correspond to a rounded PTB vowel. (See examples in Gong 1995 #61-69.) Although those open syllables in OC reconstructed with *‑g by Karlgren and Li sometimes correspond to syllables with coda *‑k in PTB, more generally we find OC *‑k corresponding to PTB *‑k and open syllables corresponding to open syllables.
Schuessler 2007:391 argues that the Chinese word is related to Austroasiatic forms meaning ‘male animal’.
[ZJH]